2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题10 选修6 Unit 5 The power of nature(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解AMy dearest son and daughter，The story of New Jersey high school student Rachel Canning suing her parents for child support and high school education inspired me to write you a little letter.Let me just put this out there：the only way I expect to see you in a court is as a lawyer or a judge.There are two things about this case that seem to be disaster.First，it's natural for parents and children to argue.I can guarantee that we will disagree.One or both of you will，at some point，scream at the top of your voice the various ways you hate me.And I won't always like you，either.But I will always love you and do everything I can to keep your best interests as my focus，even when I'm so angry.We are family.That means we are as much a part of one another as the flesh，blood and bones in our body.And we all should think about it very deeply instead of breaking that bond.Second，to be honest，no matter how far apart we are on your life choices，your father and I will most certainly pay everything we can for your higher education.But that doesn't mean you deserve it.To be clear，that is a privilege we happily extend(给予) to you—not a right you are born with.And you will have to work hard to earn that privilege.Growing up is hard work.If I do my job properly as your mother—and you do yours as my children—you would sooner get a job or two，and find a way to make your dreams come true rather than go to trial over what you think you are entitled to.Love always，Mom[语篇解读]　本文为一篇应用文。本文是一位妈妈写给她孩子的信。作者告诉孩子：一方面她很爱他们，会尽全力照顾他们；另一方面，家长支付孩子教育费用并非理所当然，还需孩子自己努力获得。1．The mother writes this letter because she wants her children to        .A．be prepared for educationB．learn a lesson from the caseC．take up the legal professionD．remember  Rachel  Canning解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“The story of New Jersey high school student Rachel Canning suing her parents for child support and high school education inspired me to write you a little letter.”可知妈妈写信的目的是想让孩子从此案例中得到启示，故选B项。答案：B2．When in disagreement，the mother expects her children not to        .A．guarantee anythingB．scream out their angerC．break the family bondD．forget their best interests解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，父母和孩子意见不一致是很正常的，根据此段最后一句可知出现矛盾时，父母希望孩子不要破坏家庭成员之间的纽带，故选C项。答案：C3．The mother thinks of parents' paying for their children's higher education as         .A．a way in which children realize their dreamsB．a test of whether parents love their childrenC．a privilege that children should earnD．a right that parents are born with解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“To be clear，that is a privilege we happily extend(给予) to you—not a right you are born with.”可看出，这个妈妈认为父母支付孩子的教育费用是父母乐意给予孩子的特权，但并非孩子生来就有的，而是需要孩子自己努力去获得。故选C项。答案：CBSusan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time.She fought for women's rights long before it became a popular issue.Susan was born on February 15,1820，in Adams，Massachusetts.At that time，women had few rights.They could not own property.Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband.Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers.Women could not vote.At the age of 15，Susan became a schoolteacher.She taught for 15 years.Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women.She helped gain better educational rights for women.She helped give married women possession of their earnings.After the Civil War，Susan became very involved in the Women's Suffrage Movement.After years of lecturing，writing，and appealing by Susan and other women，some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote.The first state was Wyoming in 1869.Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision.It was not until 1920 that the U．S.Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights.Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86.She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950.She was the first American woman to have  a likeness(肖像) of her face on a coin.It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar.[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖苏珊·布劳内尔·安东尼。她努力为妇女争取了财产权和投票权等权利。4．What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born?A．They had low social status.B．They could vote after getting married.C．They managed money for their husbands.D．They were responsible for decisionmaking.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At that time，women had few rights.They could not own property.Money earned by a married woman belonged  to  her husband.Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers.Women could not vote.”可知，在那时，女性没有什么权利，地位是低下的，故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。答案：A5．What is the third paragraph mainly about?A．Susan's teaching experiences.B．Susan's educational background.C．Susan's efforts to abolish slavery.D．Susan's fighting for women's causes.解析：段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women.”可知，本段主要讲述Susan Brownell Anthony为争取女权而斗争的情况，故D项正确。答案：D6．What does the word “decision”in the fourth paragraph refer to?A．Promoting the social movement.B．Changing the U．S.Constitution.C．Giving women voting rights.D．Uniting other areas and states.解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote”可知，在Susan Brownell Anthony的努力下，美国一些地区修改了法律，给了妇女投票权；结合该段第三、四句“The first state was Wyoming in 1869.Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision”可以判断，画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定，故C项正确。答案：C7．What may be the best title for the text?A．The first American woman to invent coinsB．The problem of women's rights in the U．S.C．The most popular women organizationsD．A pioneer in fighting for women's rights解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她为妇女争取了财产权和投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合做文章标题。答案：DⅡ.阅读七选五How to run international meetingsAs more of us do business across cultures，it's best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries.Stick to the schedule.Where：Germany, Austria, JapanWe've all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They don't start on time and they seem to repeat.　1　Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.　2　Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not communicating efficiently.　3　Where：China，Malaysia, SingaporeDebating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of “saving face”，which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting.Enjoy the interruptions.Where：Italy，France，SpainWhen Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，he's no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues there—and in some parts of France—attend based on their own timetable.　4　 Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed.Please，no small talk.Where：Finland，SwedenIn places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other people's time.In some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation.　5　These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting.A．Not so in these countries.B．Germans and Austrians are similar.C．Don't even think about a brainstorm.D．There's often no way to tell how things are going.E．Don't try to fill them，though，with small talk or anything else.F．What do the long silences，idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context?G．For Soboll，that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在不同国家如何成功地召开会议。1．解析：空处前两句介绍了常见的会议情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复；结合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”可知，日本人注意会议的细节，并在数天前就做好准备。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明并非所有的国家在开会时都会出现上述的情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复。故A项正确。答案：A2．解析：根据该部分中的“Where：Germany，Austria，Japan”可知，该部分主要介绍德国、奥地利和日本的开会习惯；空前一句已经介绍了日本的情况，结合空后一句“Meetings that run long in Germany are often... efficiently.”可知，空处及下一句介绍德国和奥地利的开会习惯。故B项正确。答案：B3．解析：根据空处位置可知，空处为该部分标题，是该部分的主旨；通读该部分可知，该部分第一句介绍了在中国开会应当认真讨论，以防发生尴尬的事情，第二句介绍在开会时不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潜在的错误；据此可知，该部分主要介绍要严肃认真地讨论会议议题，就事论事，不需要在开会前有什么“头脑风暴”。故C项正确。答案：C4．解析：根据上文中的“When Pascal Soboll”和“Rather than...attend based on their own timetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法国人和西班牙人开会很随意，G项中的“Soboll”与该处相对应。故G项正确。答案：G5．解析：根据该部分标题“Please，no small talk.”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，E项中的“them”与“long pauses”对应。故E项正确。答案：EⅢ.语法填空Can knots (结) be a form of art? It is in China.They have a long history and a 1.            (culture) meaning even today.A Chinese knot is 2.             is woven (编) from a single length of rope to be a variety of shapes.Each shape has 3.            (it) own meaning，and Chinese knots are usually woven in the red color，which indicates good fortune.Originally，people may have made them 4.             (record)information and convey messages before they started to write.It is known that they 5.           (intend) for artistic decoration and to express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty.The Tang Empire was a large one that covered most of the 6.            (region) of modern China，and succeeding generations carried on 7.             traditional art form as part of their culture.Now，some people use knots when they dress 8.             traditional Chinese clothing.They are a means of 9.             (fasten)  traditional clothes instead of buttons. And silk is most 10.             (wide)  used to make these clothing knots.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国结的历史、工艺、用途以及它的内涵寓意。1．解析：考查词性转换。它们有悠久的历史，甚至今天也有文化意义。根据空前的“a”和空后的“meaning”可知，此处应用形容词作定语来修饰后面的名词。答案：cultural2．解析：考查表语从句。中国结是用一段绳子编成的东西，有各种各样的形状。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，故用what。答案：what3．解析：考查代词。每个形状都有它自己的意义。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。答案：its4．解析：考查非谓语动词。起初，人们可能制作它们以记录信息和传递消息。这里是目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to record。答案：to record5．解析：考查时态和语态。众所周知，在唐朝，它们被用于艺术装饰，被用来表达想法和情感。此处描述的是唐朝的情况，应用一般过去时；又they(指中国结)与intend之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填were intended。答案：were intended6．解析：考查名词复数。唐朝疆域很大，覆盖着现在中国的大部分区域。根据空前的“most of”及region是可数名词可知，此处应用名词复数形式。答案：regions7．解析：考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的中国结这种传统艺术形式，故填定冠词the。答案：the8．解析：考查介词。dress in...“穿……衣服”为固定搭配。答案：in9．解析：考查非谓语动词。它们是一种固定传统服装的方式。空处位于介词of之后，故应用动名词形式作宾语。答案：fastening10．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰used，表示“广泛地，普遍地”，因此应用副词widely。答案：widely