2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题12 选修8 Unit 2 Cloning(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解ADespite growing up in Croydon and Liverpool，neither Grace nor Paul felt at home in the city.After meeting at Staffordshire's Keele University，they fell in love with Skye on a geology field trip in 1979.“The island is only 50 miles north to south，but the variety of terrain(地形) and wildlife is impressive，” says Paul.Grace adds，“We both loved Gavin Maxwell's Ring of Bright Water and were really passionate about otters(水獭)．It was our dream to get away from the rat race，get married and run wildlife holidays and courses on Skye.”Five years and 29 loan applications later，they moved to Skye.They were relieved to say goodbye to crowds and traffic and found that the island (population: about  20,000)  attracts like­minded people.“A lot of musicians and craftspeople move here，looking for peace，” says Grace.After locals started bringing them injured animals，they built a wildlife hospital and have since cared for 170 otters.Paul has gained a PhD in otter ecology and they've set up the International Otter Survival Fund (otter.org)，which supports conservation projects worldwide.Their three kids had carefree childhoods in a tight­knot community.“We could give them lots of freedom because people watch out for each other's children here，” Grace explains.She continues，“We go to Inverness (a town in northern Scotland) about once a year for a concert，but otherwise everything we want is here.You have to be mentally and practically self­sufficient.We built a metal shed (小屋)，but that took off in the 90 mph winds. Anything not built solidly will leave.It's often very dark and wet from November to  March，which can be quite depressing.If there's   wind and rain at the same time，no amount of waterproof clothing will keep you dry.But we make up for it in the summer.With the long days，there's nowhere better.”Paul concludes，“There's something so special about living here and having a sense of belonging.”[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。一对夫妇为了远离城市的喧嚣来到苏格兰西北部的斯凯岛居住。1．What can we learn about Paul and Grace?A．They grew up in the countryside.B．They have difficulty getting along with others.C．They hold different opinions as to where to live.D．They're  determined  and  environmentally aware.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Five years and 29 loan applications later，they moved可知，他们执着追求梦想；根据第三段中的It was our dream...run wildlife holidays and courses以及第五段介绍的他们在保护野生动物方面的所作所为可知，Grace和Paul夫妇有强烈的环保意识。答案：D2．What's life on Skye like in Grace's eyes?A．It's lonely.B．It's quite busy.C．It can be hard sometimes.D．It may be boring for young people.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段和倒数第二段中Grace所说的话You have to be mentally and practically self­sufficient...Anything not built solidly will leave.It's often very dark and wet...can be quite depressing.If there's wind and rain at the same time，no amount of waterproof clothing will keep you dry可知，由于地理位置和天气因素，在岛上生活有时也很艰难。答案：C3．What's the best title for the text?A．A remote islandB．An otter­saving projectC．Getting away from it allD．Feeling at home in the city?解析：标题归纳题。文章讲述了一对夫妇为了远离城市的嘈杂来到一个僻静的岛上生活的故事。故Getting away from it all准确地概括了文章的主旨。第三段的get away from the rat race点明了他们的动机。答案：CB“De­extinction”， the idea that extinct (绝种的) animals can be brought back through cloning or genetic (基因的) engineering，has attracted the interest of a small group of scientists. The topic has made the cover of National Geographic Magazine. Supporters say they are doing it for moral reasons and because we “miss” the extinct animals. They blame human exploitation (such as trapping，hunting, habitat destruction )  of the extinct animals,  but their plans, though they sound exciting, are exploitation in another form.Considering the imperfect science of cloning,  de­extinction would  cause  animals  suffering.  Most  animals  born  of  such experiments would suffer serious diseases, dying soon after birth or having a shortened lifetime. Spanish and French scientists worked for years to bring the Pyrenean ibex, a species of wild goat, back from extinction by cloning.  In 2009,  they  succeeded only in producing a sick baby goat that died 10 minutes after birth. For these animals to be born, other animals would live in captivity, in a lab or elsewhere, and serve as mother substitutes (代用品)，routinely having operations as part of the cloning process.  For example, elephants would be kept in captivity to carry woolly mammoth (猛犸)  babies for nearly two years. Such experiments often lead to other animals' unhappiness as well.If extinct animals are successfully brought back, where would  they go? Their original habitats have developed and changed without  them. They are unlikely to survive in the natural environment, but, if  they do manage to survive, they will affect their environment in  unpredictable ways, presenting a new threat to the ecological system. If  the animals born through de­extinction are stuck in zoos and museums instead, what good is that? It is exploitation, not a solution.It would be better to apply creative thinking about protection to the real­life problems of today's world. De­extinction takes attention away from the difficult situation of endangered animals. Discussions about woolly mammoth cloning do nothing to stop the illegal killings of endangered wild African elephants. Money would be better used to prevent human conflict with wildlife and their ecosystems.Let's keep de­extinction in the world of science fiction, learn from our failed past, and protect wild animals and their habitats for the future.[语篇解读]　本文为一篇议论文。通过克隆或基因工程使已经灭绝的动物“复活”引起了一些科学家的兴趣，但这种做法对于现存的动物及生态环境等不一定有利。4．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refers to “        ”．A．de­extinctionB．cloning or genetic engineeringC．exploitationD．National Geographic Magazine解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知“de­extinction”指的是“通过克隆或基因工程使已灭绝的动物重生”。再结合第三句(支持者们说他们这么做是出于道德)，由此可见画线的it指的就是“de­extinction”，故答案为A项。答案：A5．In Paragraph 2, examples are given to show that       .A．modern elephants are related to woolly mammothB．scientists should improve the cloning processC．de­extinction does harm to some animalsD．it's possible to bring back extinct animals解析：推理判断题。第二段的主题句为第一句话，即Considering the imperfect science of cloning，de­extinction would cause animals suffering.然后作者用举例的方法说明了这一道理，由此可见本题答案为C项。答案：C6．What might happen if extinct animals come back to the wild?A．The problem of extinction will be solved.B．They will live in their original habitats.C．The balance of nature may be disturbed.D．More endangered animals will be saved.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“if they do manage to survive，they will affect their environment in unpredictable ways，presenting a new threat to the ecological system”(如果它们真的生存下来了，它们会以不可预知的方式影响它们的生存环境，从而对生态系统造成一个新的威胁)可知答案为C项。答案：C7．According to Paragraph 4, de­extinction may         .A．prevent the illegal killings of African elephantsB．make people care less about endangered animalsC．prevent the conflict between humans and animalsD．raise public awareness of protecting animals解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“De­extinction takes attention away from the difficult situation of endangered animals.”可知答案为B项。答案：BⅡ.阅读七选五Everyone makes mistakes.　1　 Making a mistake at work, however, can be more serious. It may cause problems for your employer and even affect the company's bottom line. Evil consequences will finally come down to you. Simply correcting your mistake and moving on may not be an option. When you make a mistake at work，your career may depend on what you do next.Admit your mistake.Tell your boss about your mistake immediately.  The only exception is that you make an insignificant error that will not affect anyone. Otherwise, don't try to hide your mistake. 　2　Present your boss with a plan to fix your mistake.When you go to your boss to admit your mistake, you must have a plan for correcting it. Present your plan clearly. Tell your boss how long it will take to carry out your plan and if there are any costs involved.Don't blame anyone else for your mistake.　3　 Encourage those who may share responsibility to follow your lead in admitting to your boss.　4　There's a big difference between admitting your mistake and beating yourself up about it. Take responsibility but don't blame yourself for making it, especially in public.Correct your mistake on your own time.If you have to spend extra hours at work to correct your mistake, don't expect to be paid for that time.　5　A．Apologize for your mistake but don't beat yourself up.B．Usually you can correct your error or just forget about it and move on.C．You can use your lunch hour or come into work early.D．Pointing fingers won't help you if you make a mistake.E．Strengthen your friendship with your boss.F．You'll  feel  ashamed  if  your  colleague  takes  the responsibility for you.G．You will look terrible if someone else discovers it.[语篇解读]　每个人都会犯错误，但是在工作中犯错常常导致严重后果。如何改正工作中所犯的错误呢？本文给出了五点建议。1．解析：根据空处前句“每个人都会犯错误”，并结合下文的“Simply correcting your mistake and moving on may not be an option.”可知，空处与下文对应，故此处应选B，你通常会改正错误，或者干脆忘记它继续前行。答案：B2．解析：由空前一句可知，不要掩盖错误；据此可以判断，选G项，陈述掩盖错误的后果。答案：G3．解析：根据该段标题“Don't blame anyone else for your mistake.”可知，不要因你的错误指责他人；据此可知，该段主要阐述“不要推卸责任”这一建议，故选D项。答案：D4．解析：根据空处位置可知，空处为该段标题，即该段的主旨；根据该段的第一句“There's a big difference between admitting your mistake and beating yourself up about it.”可知，该段主要阐述“为自己的错误道歉，但是不要太责怪自己”，故选A项。答案：A5．解析：根据该段标题“Correct your mistake on your own time.”可知，该段主要阐述“用自己的时间去改正错误”这一建议；C项中的“your lunch hour or come into work early”与“your own time”对应，故C项正确。答案：CⅢ.语法填空Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of  1.             most important art forms in China. Many Asian cultures have originated their own calligraphy styles, but China's is unequaled because of 2.             (it) beauty, grace (优雅) and history.The 3.             ( origin ) of Chinese brush calligraphy are unknown, but local tales say it goes back over 4,000 years to the time of the legendary (传说的) Yellow Emperor (2698 BC － 2598 BC). At that time characters were carved on animal bones or tortoise shells. Only after Emperor Qin Shi Huang united China under his rule 4.             one country did it really gain popularity as a common art form.He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set，5.             (make) it easier for people to learn and master. This Chinese art form continued to progress and during the Tang Dynasty (618 AD－907 AD) a new type of cursive script(草书) was formed and standardized. It is written 6.             (free), but it's not as easy to read.Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly 7.            (appreciate) across the world.Anyone can practice it and 8.             is required is a simple set including: a brush, ink and paper. It's fun for amateurs to try，but to become good at it, not only years of practice but also natural talent 9.            (need). Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of great 10.            (benefit) to health.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国书法的起源及特点。1．解析：考查冠词。根据形容词最高级most important可知，空处需用定冠词the，此处意为“最重要的艺术形式之一”。答案：the2．解析：考查代词。修饰名词应该用形容词性物主代词，所以填入its。答案：its3．解析：考查名词的数。根据该句的谓语动词are可知，中国书法的起源不止一种，所以用名词复数origins。答案：origins4．解析：考查介词。unite...as/into...在此处意为“把……统一成……”，所以填入as/into。答案：as/into5．解析：考查非谓语动词。动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词，故用现在分词making在此处作状语。答案：making6．解析：考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。答案：freely7．解析：考查非谓语动词。动词appreciate与其逻辑主语art form是动宾关系，故用过去分词appreciated在此处作定语。答案：appreciated8．解析：考查主语从句。根据“需要的东西就是一套简单的(书写)工具”可知，此处应用what引导主语从句。答案：what9．解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only...but also...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is needed。答案：is needed10．解析：考查名词。此处指“坚持练习这门艺术能培养个人的性格而且对健康大有好处”，形容词great后应用名词benefit。答案：benefit