2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题13 选修8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解AI used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep (陡峭) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase (楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, and hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.Such well­mannered people are hard to find these days, when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded him for his chivalry (彬彬有礼)．[语篇解读]　本文为一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述自己的亲身经历告诉读者，现在社会尽管懂得礼节的人不多，但毕竟还存在着一些懂礼节的人。1．What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1?A．A brave action.　　 B．Sacrifice spirit.C．A considerate action. D．Selfish behavior.解析：词义猜测题。根据文中男子为女士让路和开门等行为可知他是一个善解人意、彬彬有礼的人，由此可推出courtesy意为：为他人着想的行为，故答案为C项。答案：C2．What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him?A．He was in a hurry.B．He would wait for her.C．He would push her rudely.D．He was a man with good manners.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知，作者第一眼看到那个男士时以为他会粗鲁地推开她上楼梯，故答案为C项。答案：C3．Why did the author's daughters worry about her?A．She was easy to be nervous.B．She took up too much space.C．She was too old to walk fast.D．She focused too much on the man.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“My daughters were already down，looking up at me worriedly...knowing I was a nervous sort.”可知作者的女儿们担心她的原因是：她是一个很容易紧张的人，故答案为A项。答案：A4．What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?A．He might be a waiter of the café.B．He might have an urgent business to do.C．He loved a daughter of the author.D．He would hold the door open for all.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time.”可知，那位男士可能有急事要做，故答案为B项。答案：BBCan you figure out someone's name just by looking at him or her?The answer may not be a definite “yes”， but a study by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, found that you would at least have a clue, since people with certain names tend to share similar facial appearances.For example, if someone is named Bob, he's likely to have a round and joyful face, while someone named Tim tends to have a narrower face and a more serious look.People have long been associating names with certain cultural expectations, which may be responsible for the study's results. For example, a woman named Katherine is usually considered  to  be  more  reliable  than  a  girl  named Bonnie. Previous studies also found that people with traditionally African­American names such as DeShawn and Jamal are more likely to be seen as dangerous and violent by their teachers and are less likely to be hired in jobs.These stereotypes (模式化概念) have become so widespread that they've  even  affected  how  people  look  at themselves. In fact, people tend to subconsciously (下意识地) change their own personalities to fit into these stereotypes—Katherines may try hard to be trustworthy and Bonnies may care less about the mistakes they make.“We develop the personality that other people expect us to exhibit，”said lead researcher Yonat Zwebner, according to The Telegraph. In other words, it's not that names change people, but people try to live up to their names.And our faces may even change over time, based on these stereotypes.“Usually, we think that faces are very fixed but now we show that they're not，” the study's co­author Ruth Mayo told UK's iNews.According to Mayo, the use of different facial expressions can allow people to develop different looks. “If you smile a lot, you have different wrinkles around your eyes and your mouth from if you frown(皱眉)a lot，” she said.[语篇解读]　本文主要讨论了是否可以通过相面而识人名的问题。5．Why did the author use the names Bob and Tim as an example?A．To prove the influence of names on our emotions.B．To present the cultural expectations of certain names.C．To show the correct method of guessing someone's name.D．To explain the possible connections between names and looks.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段的整体内容可推知，第三段的例子是为了证明第二段的观点，即名字和面相是有一定联系的，故选D。答案：D6．Which of the following are considered cultural stereotypes by the author?a．A boy named Tim tends to be cautious.b．A boy named Jamal tends to be violent.c．A boy named DeShawn appears dangerous.d．A girl named Bonnie is likely to be seen as joyful.e．A girl named Katherine is usually considered trustworthy.A．abe　　　　　　 B．adeC．bce D．bcd解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“Previous studies also found that people with traditionally African­American names such as DeShawn and Jamal are more likely to be seen as dangerous and violent by their teachers and are less likely to be hired in jobs.”和第五段最后一句的“Katherines may try hard to be trustworthy and Bonnies may care less about the mistakes they make.”可知，答案为C。答案：C7．Which of the following would Yonat Zwebner probably agree with?A．People's faces become fixed as they grow into adults.B．The  way  people  are  looked  at  changes  their personalities.C．People  could  change  their  personalities  by  using different names.D．People should  focus  on  sound  and  meaning when choosing names.解析：推理判断题。根据第六段的“In other words，it's not that names change people，but people try to live up to their names.”可推知，人们竭力去使自己的个性和名字相符，故选B。答案：B8．What might be the best title for the passage?A．Names may make looksB．Names can change peopleC．Appearances may affect jobsD．Appearances can carry cultures解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Can you figure out someone's name just by looking at him or her？”的开篇点题，并结合文章的整体内容可知，本文主要讨论的是名字和面相之间的关系，故选A。答案：AⅡ.完形填空Ask someone for their first memory and they will often give some fairly dull possibilities and not be sure which comes first.However，I have no   1   at all about mine. The earliest thing I recall is looking down and seeing flames coming out of my   2  .It was a Sunday afternoon in July 1981 when I   3   fire. I was in the garden with my dad. It was a sunny day but slightly breezy(有微风的)．I was standing nearby as my dad   4   to light the barbecue.  After several failed attempts，  5   he had to use some sort of accelerant (助燃剂)．It caused a small fireball, which was flying towards me   6   the breeze suddenly   7   in my direction. That's where the   8   memory of my burning ankles kicks in. My dad   9   fast. He dashed indoors, grabbed a large blanket and   10   to wrap me in it.The next thing I remember is sitting on a chest, feeling hot  and   11   water over and over again; then being driven to a   12   I underwent lots of skin operations and for weeks I wasn't able to bend my legs, which had to be wrapped in bandages.  13   this period, I don't recall experiencing pain.It was only when I   14   what an exciting summer my sister was having that my situation began to seem   15  .We've never talked much about the   16   —my dad has never been an especially   17   person.Now that I have kids of my own, I do sometimes wonder what he   18  . I've never felt any   19   at him, and I recognize that but for his swift actions the situation could have been   20  . But I'd certainly never have a barbecue with my kids.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”回忆了自己人生中与父亲一起经历的难以忘记的事情。1．A.choice   B．ideaC．doubt D．worry解析：根据空前的“they will often give some fairly dull possibilities and not be sure which comes first”和空后的“The earliest thing I  recall”的对比可知，此处表示“我”对于自己的记忆毫不怀疑。答案：C2．A.ankles   B．blanketC．sleeves D．belly解析：根据下文的“That's where the   8   memory of my burning ankles kicks in.”可知，此处应选A。答案：A3．A.exchanged   B．setC．held   D．caught解析：那是1981年7月的一个周日的下午，“我”的脚踝处着火了。catch fire“着火”。答案：D4．A.tended  B．struggledC．refused D．managed解析：根据下文的“After several failed attempts”可知，父亲的几次尝试都失败了，所以此处表示父亲需要努力点燃烧烤架。答案：B5．A.eventually     B．graduallyC．interestingly D．fortunately解析：根据上文的“After several failed attempts”可知，此处指父亲经过了多次的尝试，最终不得不使用助燃剂。答案：A6．A.before  B．unlessC．though D．as解析：因为风向突然改变，火球朝“我”这边飞来。as“因为”，引导原因状语从句。答案：D7．A.stopped  B．howledC．changed D．dropped解析：参见上题解析。stop“停止”；howl“大声叫喊”；change“改变”；drop“落下”。答案：C8．A.vivid  B．sweetC．precious D．vague解析：根据上文的“However，I have no   1   at all about mine.”可知，此处表示“我”着火的脚踝留给了“我”清晰的记忆。答案：A9．A.hid     B．actedC．escaped       D．approached解析：根据下文的“He dashed indoors，grabbed a large blanket...”可知，此处指父亲看到这种情景后行动很快。答案：B10．A.got away    B．broke inC．stood by     D．ran back解析：根据上文的“He dashed indoors”可知，此处指父亲又从屋内跑回来。答案：D11．A.waiting for  B．asking forC．paying for D．searching for解析：“我”记得的下一件事情是坐在大箱子上，感觉热，然后反复地要水喝。答案：B12．A.hospital  B．poolC．cafe D．gym解析：根据下文的“I underwent lots of skin operations and for weeks I  wasn't able to bend my legs，which had to be wrapped in bandages.”可知，此处指“我”被送到医院。答案：A13．A.Thanks to   B．But forC．Throughout  D．After解析：根据上文的“for weeks”可知，此处指在这整个期间。答案：C14．A.realized    B．imaginedC．predicted D．explained解析：当“我”意识到“我”的妹妹有一个令人兴奋的夏天的时候，“我”的状况才开始看起来难以忍受。答案：A15．A.ridiculous  B．acceptableC．satisfactory D．unbearable解析：参见上题解析。答案：D16．A.illness  B．conflictC．accident D．visit解析：我们从来不过多地谈论这次事故。illness“疾病”；conflict“冲突”；accident“事故”；visit“参观”。答案：C17．A.strict  B．openC．shy D．honest解析：根据上文的“We've never talked much about the   16  ”可知，此处指父亲不是一个性格特别开朗的人。答案：B18．A.gave away  B．took overC．went through D．looked into解析：“我”有了自己的孩子，有时“我”很想知道父亲当时经历了什么。go through“经历”；give away“泄露，分发，赠送”；take  over“接管”；look into“调查”。答案：C19．A.sympathy    B．anxietyC．guilt D．anger解析：“我”从来不对父亲感到生气。sympathy“同情”；anxiety“忧虑”；guilt“内疚”；anger“怒气”。答案：D20．A.worse  B．simplerC．stranger D．clearer解析：“我”意识到要不是父亲当时快速的行动，情况可能会更加糟糕。worse“更糟的”。答案：AⅢ.短文改错Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran bought a real bed. It was for the first time that he had become the proud owner of a bed where had springs (弹簧) and a mattress(床垫). Because the weather is very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very good for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof but sent it crashing into the courtyard below.  The young man did wake up until the bed struck the ground. Although the bed was broken into piece, the man was surprisingly unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.  Glanced at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried them into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he quickly went for sleep again.答案：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran bought a real bed. It was the first time that he had become the proud owner of a bed  had springs (弹簧) and a mattress(床垫). Because the weather  very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very  for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof  sent it crashing into the courtyard below.  The young man did  wake up until the bed struck the ground. Although the bed was broken into ， the man was surprisingly unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.   at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried  into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he quickly went  sleep again.