2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题11 必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解ANowadays there are many new cars on the road.Some new models are flashy and others are fuel efficient，and embedded technology(嵌入式系统技术) is at the heart of all of them.The new Ford Escape has a radarenabled adaptive cruise control(巡航车速控制装置) to avoid collisions，with sensors on the front and side of the car.Ford's Mark Schirmer says the electronic system can be accessed through the dashboard or a smartphone.“I am from Michigan.If it is a cold morning，I can have it start up right before I am scheduled to leave to go to the airport or go to work.You can find your car or if one of your family members borrows the car，it will show you exactly where it is，”said Schirmer.Thirdparty products now in development，like this emergency warning system，help drivers who fail to hear an approaching siren.A near miss with an ambulance inspired the product from the Chicago startup HAAS，cofounded by Cory Hohs.“It scared me enough that I started looking for a product that would alert me when they are  coming，”said  Hohs.A  sobriety detector(清醒度检测器) from  a  Canadian  company called Sober Steering is sold to companies with fleets of vehicles，such as buses.Chief Operating Officer Catherine Carroll says a sensor on the steering wheel can detect alcohol vapors emitted from the skin.“If I am drinking and I have levels above a preset limit，it immobilizes the vehicle，so you cannot move the vehicle that you are driving，”said  Carroll.One company founder says the connected technology is playing an important role in people's daily life.He says，“You can buy a washing machine，you can buy a microwave that has WiFi and connects to a router.Also the connected technology of the cars has become as important as performance and styling.” [语篇解读]　本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了一系列最新电子产品，它们能使驾车变得更安全、更便利。1．What caused the invention of the emergency warning system?A．The call of a skilled driver.B．An accident nearly caused by an ambulance.C．Bad hearing of some drivers.D．The increasing number of ambulances on the road.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段“A near miss with an ambulance inspired the product from the Chicago start­up HAAS，co­founded by Cory Hohs.”可知，紧急报警系统的设计是源于一起救护车险些撞车事故。答案：B2．According to the text，a sobriety detector aims to         .A．reduce tirednessrelated accidentsB．make the drivers awake all the timeC．avoid drunken drivingD．stop the drivers falling asleep解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，清醒度检测器能够检测到皮肤上的酒精，如果司机饮酒或是超过限定量，汽车将自动熄火，这样就会避免酒驾。答案：C3．According to the last paragraph，the connected technology is        .A．changing our lives at home and on the roadB．making the cars on the road much more attractiveC．letting people's daily life much more colorfulD．getting the cars welcomed by more people解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“One company founder says the connected technology is playing an important role in people's daily life.”及他所说的话“买一个能够与路由器相连接的洗衣机或是微波炉。汽车的连接技术和性能、款式同等重要。”可知，连接技术改变了我们的日常生活和道路状况。答案：A4．What does the author mainly want to tell us?A．People like the cars that are fuel efficient most.B．Embedded technology is the most advanced to cars.C．The technology can't keep up with the development of society.D．Electronic products make driving much easier and safer.解析：主旨大意题。本文主要列举了一系列电子产品，这些最新电子产品使驾车变得更容易、更安全。答案：DBResearchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead.They warn the 150minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people—particularly older individuals.And trying to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked.But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease，type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and  some  types of cancer.UK guidelines for adults recommend at least twoandahalf hours of moderate activity a week，in short periods of 10 minutes or more.But in two separate articles in The BMJ，experts argue the message needs to change，with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more.Prof.Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse，advises people who are sedentary (久坐不动的)  to  make  small  increases  in  their activity levels—rather than pushing to achieve current goals.He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of energetic activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death，compared to people who do no exercise.In the second article，Prof.Philipe Sparkling of the Georgia Institute of Technology，says doctors should tailor their advice—particularly for older patients.He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss “realistic options”to increase activity—such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.Prof.Kevin Fenton at Public Health England says，“Everyone needs to be active every day—short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits，but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions.”This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.[语篇解读]　本文主要讨论了人们对现行锻炼指导原则的不同看法。5．What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?A．10minute exercise. B．20minute exercise.C．60minute exercise. D．150minute exercise.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They warn the 150­minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people—particularly older individuals.”及“And trying to reach these goals”可知，现行的锻炼目标是每周150分钟的运动量，故选D。答案：D6．What can we learn from the second paragraph?A．10minute exercise has little effect on the health.B．Heart disease happens easily to the old in activity.C．Twoandahalf hours of exercise is not necessary.D．Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease，type 2 diabetes (糖尿病)and some types of cancer.”可知，不活动会引发很多疾病，故选D。答案：D7．What is the suggestion of Prof.Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph?A．People should spend less time on exercise.B．People should lower their activity levels.C．People should increase exercise properly.D．People should achieve their current goals.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Prof.Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse，advises people who are sedentary(久坐不动的)to make small increases in their activity levels—rather than pushing to achieve current goals.”可知，Philipe de Souto Barreto教授建议人们要适当增加锻炼，故选C。答案：C8．Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?A．They are impractical.B．They are reasonable.C．They have no effect on us.D．They are popular with people.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead.”可知，现行的锻炼指导原则并不实用，故选A。答案：AⅡ.完形填空I retired from my family business four years ago.But I've never been  1  of a challenge.I've sailed around the world before.And I've decided to fly east from Western Australia in a   2  .For the last two years I had trained hard，spending 150 hours  3  with my ground team.When the big day came，thousands of people gathered to  4  the launch.It was a   5  start，with a smooth and steady takeoff.I was  6  but still had some doubts—I was flying into the  7  .I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again.The capsule where I stayed was designed to   8  if I landed in water，but I was not sure whether I could  9   the cruelty of the ocean.  10  ，I kept watching the weather，communicating with my land team and  11  the altitude to achieve the perfect speed and direction.On my fifth day，I was terrified to notice I was losing oxygen.  12  ，I managed to save my life by adjusting the pressure in the oxygen  cylinder (氧气瓶) to  stop  the  oxygen escaping.I know it was vital to stay  13  to control the flight，altitude and my oxygen flow，so I held a spoon between two fingers—If I  14  it would fall and wake me up.I never questioned why I was doing this.It is such a unique  15  to see our beautiful planet from high above.Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day was a huge  16  .I knew my journey was nearly over.It was to be a new world record.I could see my team   17   below as I flew over.This  18  really pushed me to my limits，but it hasn't   19  me.Next year，I want to fly even higher to break another  20  for the hotair balloon flight.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”退休四年后，从西澳大利亚州乘热气球向东旅行，十一天后平安着陆。“我”创造了世界纪录，准备明年继续挑战自己。1．A.shy　　　　　 B．skepticalC．fond D．confident解析：根据该句中“But”表达的语境并结合下句中“我”环球航行过并决定乘热气球从西澳大利亚州向东旅行的描述可知，“我”不害怕(shy)挑战。shy of/about(doing)sth.意为“害怕(做)，对(做)……心怀顾忌”。B项意为“怀疑的”；C项意为“喜爱的”；D项意为“自信的”。答案：A2．A.plane  B．helicopterC．wingsuit D．hotair balloon解析：根据本文最后一句中的“the hot­air balloon”可知，“我”是乘热气球旅行的，故D项正确。答案：D3．A.debating  B．preparingC．carving D．traveling解析：根据该句中的“I have trained hard”可知，过去两年“我”艰苦训练，花了150个小时的时间和“我”的地面团队一起准备(preparing)。A项意为“辩论”；C项意为“雕刻”；D项意为“旅游”，都与语境不符。答案：B4．A.welcome  B．inspectC．delay D．witness解析：根据该句中的“thousands of people gathered to”可知，在那一天，成千上万的人聚集在一起见证(witness)了起飞过程。A项意为“欢迎”；B项意为“检查”；C项意为“推迟”。答案：D5．A.perfect  B．falseC．poor D．fresh解析：根据该句中的“with a smooth and steady take­off”可知，热气球起飞时很平稳；据此可以判断，这是一个完美的(perfect)开始。B项意为“错误的”；C项意为“贫穷的”；D项意为“新鲜的”。答案：A6．A.amused  B．puzzledC．excited D．frightened解析：根据上句中的“with a smooth and steady take­off”和下文but的转折可知，热气球起飞时平稳，“我”感到很兴奋(excited)。A项意为“有趣的”；B项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“害怕的”。答案：C7．A.future  B．unknownC．shelter D．reality解析：根据下句“I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again”可知，“我”无法保证能再次看到“我”的朋友和家人；据此可以判断，“我”向着未知的(unknown)地方旅行。A项意为“未来”；C项意为“避难所”；D项意为“现实”。答案：B8．A.digest  B．recycleC．float D．fly解析：根据该句中的“if I landed in water”可知，如果掉入水中，飞行舱能漂浮在水面上。A项意为“消化”；B项意为“回收利用”；D项意为“飞翔”。答案：C9．A.survive  B．showC．evaluate D．comment解析：根据该句中的“cruelty of the ocean”并结合上段最后一句“I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again”可知，“我”不确定自己能不能在严酷的海洋环境中幸存(survive)下来。答案：A10．A.Finally  B．HoweverC．Therefore D．Besides解析：空处上文陈述怀疑自己能不能在严酷的海洋环境中幸存下来，空处下文陈述“我”不断观察天气并与地面的团队保持联系；据此可以判断，空处前后之间为因果关系，故C项正确。答案：C11．A.losing  B．ignoringC．proving D．adjusting解析：根据该句中的“to achieve the perfect speed and direction”可知，“我”调整(adjusting)高度，以达到最佳的速度和方向。答案：D12．A.Strangely  B．LuckilyC．Normally D．Conveniently解析：空前陈述“我”在第五天发现氧气泄漏；空后陈述“我”通过调整氧气瓶的气压阻止了氧气的泄漏而成功地救了自己；据此可以判断，该处表示“幸运地”，故B项正确。答案：B13．A.calm  B．awakeC．patient D．relaxed解析：根据下文中的“it would fall and wake me up”可知，作者明白在飞行过程中，必须保持头脑清醒来控制飞行、高度及氧流量。stay awake“保持清醒”。答案：B14．A.looked around  B．carried onC．dropped off D．turned up解析：根据语境可知，“我”在两指之间夹了一把汤匙，如果“我”打盹儿(dropped off)了，汤匙就会落地从而把“我”叫醒。A项意为“环顾”；B项意为“继续”；D项意为“出现，调大声音”。答案：C15．A.experience  B．excuseC．dream D．tradition解析：根据该句语境可知，在高空看我们的星球是一种独特的体验(experience)。B项意为“借口”；C项意为“梦想”；D项意为“传统”。答案：A16．A.loss  B．disasterC．burden D．relief解析：根据该句中的“Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day”可知，在第十一天再次看到澳大利亚的海岸线对“我”来说是一种巨大的欣慰(relief)。答案：D17．A.exercising  B．celebratingC．escaping D．quarreling解析：根据语境可知，在第十一天“我”终于再次看到了澳大利亚的海岸线，据此可知，“我”的冒险旅行成功结束并且创造了新的世界纪录；据此可以判断，“我”能看到“我”的地面团队正在祝贺(celebrating)“我”的成功。答案：B18．A.challenge  B．accidentC．race D．failure解析：根据第一段第二句中的“challenge”可知，这次挑战将“我”推向了极限。B项意为“事故”；C项意为“赛跑”；D项意为“失败”，都与语境不符。答案：A19．A.interested  B．confusedC．annoyed D．discouraged解析：根据该句中的“pushed me to my limits”可知，这次挑战将“我”推向了极限；结合下文可知，“我”将在明年再次挑战自己，飞得更高，挑战另一个纪录；据此可以判断，这次的挑战并没有使“我”灰心(discouraged)。答案：D20．A.promise  B．balanceC．record D．barrier解析：根据上一段倒数第二句中的“a new world record”可知，“我”想要飞得更高，打破另一个纪录(record)。A项意为“承诺”；B项意为“平衡”；D项意为“障碍”。答案：CⅢ.短文改错I have met many teachers since I begin my schooling.Of all my teachers，Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50，she looks very young at her age.Comparing with other teachers，Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly.In her opinion，we will not only know “what”but also understand “why”．So instead of giving us answer immediately，she encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions.With her help，we have learned how to analyze and settled problems.What the amazing world of “why” she leads us！She is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.答案：I have met many teachers since I  my schooling.Of all my teachers，Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50，she looks very young  her age.  with other teachers，Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and . In her opinion，we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”．So instead of giving us  immediately，she encourages us to think carefully every time she puts forward questions.With her help，we have learned how to analyze and  problems.What  amazing world of “why” she leads us    ！She is such a learned person that we all admire  very much.