2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题14 必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relics(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解APatients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just can't be easily accessed.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer's. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting(发光) equipment into the subjects' brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.“The important point is that this is evidence of the concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. It's a matter of how to get it back，”said the senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.The team  took  two  groups  of mice,  one  genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer's and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock.All of the mice showed fear when put back an hour later. When placed in  the  room  a third  time  several  days later,  the Alzheimer's mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating(激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.“Short­term memories seem to be normal in order of hours.But for long­term memories, these early­Alzheimer's mice seem to be  damaged，”said  the  lead  researcher Dheeraj  Roy.“Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they are unable to learn or store this memory.”[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢复记忆的技术。1．What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?A．They are the pioneers of brain research.B．They have used the method in human trials.C．They can cure Alzheimer's using the new method.D．They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer's.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer's.”可知，他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆。答案：D2．Why did the Alzheimer's mice behave normally the third time?A．They failed to remember the electric shock.B．They were accustomed to the situation.C．They managed to overcome the fear.D．They activated the association automatically.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“the Alzheimer's mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock.”可知，这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击。答案：A3．For long­term memories, the early­Alzheimer's mice       .A．can transform their brain cellsB．can't learn new tricks wellC．can easily get back their memoriesD．can't access the information stored解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But for long­term memories，these early­Alzheimer's mice seem to be damaged”和“Directly activating...this memory”可知，对于长期记忆来说，这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为(脑细胞)已经被损害，不能获得这种已经储存的信息。答案：D4．The main purpose of the text is to         .A．introduce a method of a researchB．report the latest discovery about a diseaseC．give advice on how to improve memoriesD．explain how a brain stores information解析：作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆病的最新发现。答案：BBIf you followed the 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bodies. These bruises were the result of “cupping (拔火罐) therapy”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow”．However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people's feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.To figure out cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the false treatment.  But in the false treatment，the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldn't create the proper suction (吸力)．The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the so­called “soft cupping” was a false treatment.It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.  “The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself，” the researchers told the Live Science website.The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered.“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle changing，”Dr Brent Bauer,  director of the  US  Complementary and  Integrative Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic, told Live Science.[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了中国传统医疗方式拔火罐的实际疗效问题。5．Why is Michael Phelps mentioned in the passage?A．To give athletes a new way to swim faster.B．To provide athletes with a new way of treatment.C．To introduce the topic on cupping therapy.D．To show swimmers suffer from disorders.解析：推理判断题。根据文章前两段的整体内容可推知，提到运动员菲尔普斯是为了导入文章的话题，即拔火罐疗法是否有效，故选C。答案：C6．The purpose of the test by researchers from Germany was to         .A．promote the health effects of cupping therapyB．see whether cupping therapy has a physical effectC．compare traditional cupping with soft cuppingD．compare cupping therapy's effects on different groups of people解析：细节理解题。根据第四段整体内容可知，实验的目的是验证拔火罐是否真的有效。答案：B7．What can be learned from the passage?A．Different people need different types of cupping therapy.B．The real treatment and false treatment almost have the same effects.C．The results show that cupping therapy is not part of the treatment.D．Cupping therapy is only effective when used with lifestyle changing.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“In both groups，patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.”可知，实验表明两种不同的拔火罐方法效果是一样的。答案：B8．According to Dr Brent Bauer, cupping therapy         .A．is a fast and easy treatment for people to carry outB．is a newly invented way to cure some diseasesC．needs a long period of time to take effectD．can be used together with other treatments解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people，the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises，nutritional  choices and lifestyle changing”可知，Dr Brent Bauer认为拔火罐可以和其他方法一起配合治疗。答案：DⅡ.完形填空A 14­year­old Chinese boy overcame two of humankind's most dreaded fears — getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework done in a single night thanks to his quick­witted(反应敏捷的)character.Sun Yixiao was on his way up last Tuesday evening after school when the lift suddenly stopped.A moment of   1   followed before the teenager decided to take   2   into his own hands and find a way out.Sun said he tried to pry(撬)the elevator door open，but   3   there could be a malfunction (机器故障)that would send the elevator   4   a free fall，he   5   the idea and instead   6   against the wall.He then pressed all the buttons in the hope of getting the elevator to work again，but in vain.Sun then pushed the “Stop” button to lock the elevator and make sure it wouldn't move.  7   a cellphone at hand，Sun tried   8   to get the attention of people outside，but no one responded   9   time passed by.But the young boy didn't give up.He slipped a note   10   the door with the message “People stuck inside；please ask the property management(物业)for help”and hoped someone would pick it up and act it on.After   11   all his options，the   12   kid decided to tend to his homework, not knowing how long it would take   13   someone found him.He took out his textbooks and   14   himself with his daily homework routine.Soon after he finished his duties，Sun heard loud voices coming from   15  .“There was a large crowd outside，including my teachers and other parents；people looked quite   16  ，”Sun said the moment he was rescued.He had been trapped for five hours by the help arrived.On China's Twitter­like Weibo，many netizens   17   the boy's bravery and calmness in the face of such   18  .“The guy must have   19   the advantages and disadvantages of the situation：he had a great chance to survive an   20   elevator，but would have been doomed if he left homework undone，”joked @Zealshifang.[语篇解读]　本文主要讲述了中国14岁男孩儿孙轶潇在电梯出了故障后不仅没有惊慌失措，最后还把作业做完了的故事。1．A.panic　　　　　 B．excitementC．confusion D．depression解析：与上文的“fears”呼应，主人公在电梯突然停止后，随之而来的是惊慌。panic“惊慌”；excitement“激动”；confusion“困惑”；depression“抑郁”。答案：A2．A.materials  B．substancesC．matters D．events解析：根据下文的“find a way out”可推知，主人公决定自己处理这种意外情况，与上文的“overcame”呼应。take matters into one's own hands固定搭配，意为“亲自处理某事”。答案：C3．A.considering  B．tellingC．understanding D．ignoring解析：根据语境可知，主人公试图撬电梯，但考虑到电梯出了故障可能会自由下坠。consider“考虑”。答案：A4．A.onto  B．intoC．within D．from解析：send sth.into sth.为固定词组，意为“使进入(某种状态)”，此处表示“使电梯自由下落”。答案：B5．A.formed  B．abandonedC．rejected D．accepted解析：根据上文的“but”和下文的“instead”可推知，主人公放弃了自己之前的想法。abandon“抛弃，放弃”。答案：B6．A.stood  B．layC．knelt D．leaned解析：根据常识可知，在电梯出故障时，最好靠着电梯内墙。lean“靠在”。答案：D7．A.With  B．WithoutC．Through D．By解析：根据语境可知，主人公手边没有手机，故用Without表示“没有”。答案：B8．A.screaming  B．cryingC．whispering D．yelling解析：根据空后的“to get the attention of people outside”可推知，主人公当时大声喊叫，希望有人能够听到，以便得到帮助。yell“叫喊”。答案：D9．A.with  B．asC．when D．while解析：此处as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，表示“随着时间的流逝，没有人回应他”。答案：B10．A.from  B．byC．through D．across解析：根据语境可知，困在电梯里的主人公通过电梯门缝塞出求救便条。through“穿过”，表示立体概念；across“横过”，表示平面概念。答案：C11．A.exhausting  B．wearingC．completing D．finishing解析：根据语境可推知，主人公用尽了各种能想到的求救办法，都没有得到回应。exhaust“耗尽，使筋疲力尽”。答案：A12．A.handsome   B．terrifiedC．practical D．modest解析：根据语境可知，主人公决定做作业，这说明他是一个务实的(practical)孩子。答案：C13．A.before  B．afterC．when  D．until解析：此处表示“在有人发现他之前”，符合语境，故用before引导时间状语从句。答案：A14．A.occupied  B．chargedC．devoted D．abandoned解析：occupy sb.with sth.为固定词组，意为“使某人忙于某事”，结合语境可知，主人公开始埋头做作业了。答案：A15．A.inside  B．outsideC．upside       D．downside解析：根据上文的“to get the attention of people outside”可推知，后来主人公听到外面有很大的声音，与下文的“There was a large crowd outside，including my teachers and other parents”呼应。答案：B16．A.relieved  B．delightedC．scared  D．puzzled解析：根据“he was rescued”可推知，当主人公得救时，人们都松了一口气。relieved“感到宽慰的”。答案：A17．A.cheered up    B．thumbed upC．warmed up D．built up解析：根据“bravery and calmness”可推知，微博上许多网民对主人公的勇敢和冷静评价很高。thumb up“竖起大拇指，评价很高”。答案：B18．A.emergency    B．incidentC．accident   D．event解析：主人公被困在故障电梯中，这是一种紧急状况。emergency“紧急情况”；incident“小事件”；accident“意外，(交通)事故”；event“公开活动，重大事件”。答案：A19．A.compared   B．figuredC．imagined   D．weighed解析：根据语境可知，此处表示主人公认真权衡(weighed)了利弊。答案：D20．A.out­of­order  B．out­of­dateC．out­of­balance   D．out­of­shape解析：根据上文的多处描述可知，电梯出现故障。out­of­order“有故障的”。答案：AⅢ.短文改错This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.  Because I had always been waiting to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving around the small parking lot, try to find a parking space. He head for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.  Seeing that, I offered to return them to him. He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.答案：This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be  up.  Because I had always been waiting to read it, at that moment I was very . Outside the library, I saw  man driving around the small parking lot,  to find a parking space. He  for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library  to return.  Seeing that, I offered to return them  him. He thanked me and jumped  in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone  needed it.