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    中考英语语法考点详解08——动词和动词短语 教案

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    中考英语语法考点详解08——动词和动词短语 教案

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    考点08动词和动词短语

    命题趋势
    动词是英语语言中的第一大词,是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词,是组成句子的“骨架”,所以中考预测将会继续加强对动词和动词词组的考查,特别是对词义辨析及对动词的理解,动词短语的搭配及短语的辨析。动词在句中作谓语,用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式,这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。
    考查题型
    中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战以后的中考时,考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。从命题形式来看,连词以单项选择、完形填空为主,词语填空等多种题型中以不同形式出现。
    考查重点
    1. 动词辨析;
    2. 动词短语辨析。

    概述:动词及种类
    动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:
    The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为
    He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态
    动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
    动词
    系动词
    情态动
    助动词

    实义动
    系动词+表语
    情态动+动词原形
    助动词+动词原形
    独立充当谓语
    充当谓语





    系动词的用法
    连系动词本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。即连系动词表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。连系动词可具体分为三类:
    1、表示“是”的动词be。它在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式。如:
    He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)
    We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。)
    2、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如:
    She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)
    He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)
    3、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来)等,例如:
    The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)
    The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)
    系动词
    be动词
    “保持”“变化”
    感官动词
    be+adv.+adj“如何是”
    become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,stay
    look,sound,taste,smell,feel
    常接形容词作表语
    主谓一致







    情态动词的用法
    这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思。
    构成疑问句时,通常放在主语前面;构成否定句时,not放在这些情态动词之后。可用它们的缩写形式(can’t, cannot, mustn’t等)。例如:
    I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会
    He can’t walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)can’t, 不必
    May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)may, 可以
    情态动词

    意思答语
    表示推测
    may答语:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,you can.
    否定Sorry, but you can’t/mustn’t
    “一定”must

    “必须” Must I…?Yes, you must.
    No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
    “不得不” Do I have to..? Yes, you must.
    No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
    “需要”实义动词:not need to do sth.
    情态动词:needn’t do sth.
    Would you like to do?答语“I’d like to”
    “I’d like to, but....”
    had better “最好(不)做某事”
    You’d better do…/You’d better not o…

    “可能”may,might,could
    “不可能”can’t












    助动词
    这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:
    He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。
    Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问。
    A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)
    句中的is 是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。
    助动词
    狭义概念:“赠送的”
    扩展概念:“自带的”
    do,does,did
    凡谓语由两部分构成之前者
    句型操作及答语
    实义动词身份
    助动词身份/强调功能






    实义动词
    实义动词又叫行为动词,是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语,有人称、数和时态的相应变化。例如:
    I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住
    It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有
    行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
    1、及物动词
    动词后面必须接宾语,意思才完整,例如:
    Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。)
    If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手,。)
    2、不及物动词
    后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:
    He works hard.(他工作努力。)
    Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。)
    实义动词
    时态
    语态
    名称
    被动:be+done

    及物动词必须跟宾语
    不及物动词不直跟宾语
    谓动
    一般现在时
    一般过去时
    现在进行时
    过去进行时
    一般将来时
    ★过去将来时
    现在完成时
    ★过去完成时
    do/does
    did
    be+doing
    was/were+doing
    will+do
    would+do
    have/has+done
    had+done
    一般现在时

    一般过去时

    一般将来时

    含情态动词

    选项有无被动只需考虑时态

    该而不:感官发生实现出版

    使役动词正常不带to被动则带

    意思需要
    时间标志
    意思
    平时经常做
    某次过去做
    现在正在做
    过去正在做
    现在将要做
    过去将要做
    到现在已做
    到过去已做















    [难点解释]
    1、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:
    Who is going to speak at the meeting?(谁打算在会上发言?)speak, 不及物动词
    Few people outside China speak Chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)speak,及物动词
    2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如:
    He is waiting for you.(他在等你。)
    英语wait为不及物动词,汉语“等”为及物动词。
    Serve the people.(为人民服务。)
    英语serve为及物动词,汉语“服务”为不及物动词。
    【知识拓展】
    持续动词与瞬间动词
    英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。
    1、持续性动词
    表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
    2、瞬间性动词
    表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。
    以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
    用法
    1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:
    He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。)
    He has joined the Party.(他已入党了。)
    Mum isn’t at home. She has gone to the library.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)
    2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:
    His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)
    My mother has lain in bde for 3 days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)
    My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.(我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)
    3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:
    (1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:
    He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has joined
    She has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has got up
    Has your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has left
    常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:
    1、go——be away 2、come——be here
    3、come back——be back 4、leave——be away(be not here)
    5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep
    7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on
    9、finish——be over 10、open——be open
    11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost
    13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on
    15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated
    17、join——be in(…)或be a…member
    18、become——be
    (2)用it is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:
    电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)
    The film has been on for five minutes.
    It’s five minutes since the film began.
    他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)
    He has been away from Shanghai for three days.
    It is three days since he left Shanghai.
    这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)
    It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.
    他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法)
    How long is it since be found his sister?
    4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:
    I haven’t seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。)
    动词词形变化
    动词在句子中充当谓语的同时,随着时态或语态的变化,也有自己的特有变化。
    规则动词词形变化一览表:
    规 则变 化
    原形动词结尾情况
    现在时单三人称
    现 在 分 词
    过去式和过去分词
    一般情况
    +s
    +ing
    +ed
    s,x,ch,sh,o结尾
    +es
    +ing
    +ed
    辅音字母+y结尾
    y→i,+es
    +ing
    y→i,+ed
    重读闭音节一元一辅结尾
    +s
    双写辅音字母,+ing
    双写辅音字母,+ed
    不发音的e结尾
    +s
    去掉e,+ing
    +d
    ie结尾
    +s
    ie→y,+ing
    +d
    不规则变化
    have→has;be→is
    (无)
    (见不规则动词变化表)
    注意:①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。
    ②s/es的读音规则:在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音后和元音后读[z];在[ s ]、[z]后读[iz].
    ③ed的读音规则:在清辅音后读[t];在浊辅音后和元音后读[d];在[t]、[d]后读[id].
    be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化:
    一 般 现 在 时
    一 般 将 来 时
    现 在 完 成 时
    I am….
    You are.…
    He/She/It is….
    We/You/They are….
    (I等各人称) will be….
    I am
    He/She/It is going to be
    We/You/They are
    I have been….
    You have been….
    She/he/It has been….
    We/You/They have been….
    一 般 过 去 时
    过 去 将 来 时
    过 去 完 成 时
    I was….
    You were.…
    He/She/It was….
    We/You/They were….
    (I等各人称) would be….
    I was
    He/She/It was going to b
    We/You/They were
    I had been….
    You had been….
    She/he/It had been….
    We/You/They had been….
    注意:句型变化时,
    否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t
    (am后面not不可以缩写);
    疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。
    其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表:
    现在 时态
    一 般 现 在 时
    现 在 进 行 时
    一 般 将 来 时
    现 在 完 成 时
    谓语动词构成
    动词用原形(单三加s / es)
    (问句和否定句借用助词do / does)
    am
    is +动词-ing
    are
    will + 动词原形
    am
    is +going to+动词原形
    are
    have +过去分词
    has
    过去 时态
    一 般 过 去 时
    过 去 进 行 时
    过 去 将 来 时
    过 去 完 成 时
    谓语动词构成
    动词用过去式
    (问句和否定句借用助词did)
    was
    +动词-ing
    were
    would + 动词原形
    was
    +going to+动词原形
    were
    had +过去分词
    【知识拓展】不规则动词变化表
    ( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词);( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词) ;( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)
    首先必会

    A
    A
    A
    B
    C
    ride
    rode
    ridden
    rise
    rose
    risen
    hide
    hid
    hidden
    show
    showed
    shown
    know
    knew
    known
    grow
    grew
    grown
    throw
    threw
    thrown
    blow
    blew
    blown
    fly
    flew
    flown
    fall
    fell
    fallen



    wear
    wore
    worn
    break
    broke
    broken
    beat
    beat
    beaten
    speak
    spoke
    spoken
    freeze
    froze
    frozen
    draw
    drew
    drawn
    take
    took
    taken
    mistake
    mistook
    mistaken
    lie
    lay
    lain



    A
    BB
    BB
    sink
    sank/sunk
    sunk/sunken
    wake
    woke/waked
    woken/waked
    learn
    learnt/learned
    learnt/learned
    hang
    hung/hanged
    hung/hanged

    A
    be(am,is)
    was
    been

    let
    let
    let
    be(are)
    were
    been

    set
    set
    set
    see
    saw
    seen

    hit
    hit
    hit
    does
    did
    done

    put
    put
    put
    do
    did
    done

    cut
    cut
    cut
    go
    went
    gone

    shut
    shut
    shut
    has
    had
    had

    cost
    cost
    cost
    have
    had
    had

    hurt
    hurt
    hurt
    make
    made
    made

    read
    read
    read
     小规律记忆

    hear
    heard
    heard
    A
    B
    A




    run
    ran
    run

    A
    B
    B
    come
    came
    come

    drink
    drank
    drunk
    become
    became
    become

    swim
    swam
    swum
    eat
    ate
    eaten




    give
    gave
    given

    drive
    drove
    driven




    write
    wrote
    written
    A
    B
    B




    find
    found
    found

    lend
    lent
    lent
    fight
    fought
    fought

    send
    sent
    sent
    hold
    held
    held

    spend
    spent
    spent
    tell
    told
    told




    sell
    sold
    sold

    build
    built
    built
    stand
    stood
    stood

    spill
    spilt
    spilt
    understand
    understood
    understood

    spoil
    spoilt
    spoilt
    dig
    dug
    dug

    smell
    smelt
    smelt
    shine
    shone
    shone

    leave
    left
    left
    win
    won
    won

    sleep
    slept
    slept
    get
    got
    got

    keep
    kept
    kept
    forget
    forgot
    forgot/forgotten

    feel
    felt
    felt
    buy
    bought
    bought

    sweep
    swept
    swept
    bring
    brought
    brought

    meet
    met
    met
    think
    thought
    thought

    mean
    meant
    meant




    say
    said
    said
    catch
    caught
    caught

    lay
    laid
    laid
    teach
    taught
    taught

    pay
    paid
    paid




    shall
    should

    ring
    rang
    rung

    must
    must

    begin
    began
    begun

    may
    might

    drink
    drank
    drunk

    can
    could

    swim
    swam
    swum

    will
    would











    非谓语动词及其应用。
    非谓语动词
    不定式to do
    现在分词doing
    过去分词done
    作主语
    作宾语
    作主语被视为单数
    作主语
    作表语
    作宾语
    作宾补
    作定语
    作状语
    宾从省略式
    常被形式主语it代替
    be+to do “是做”
    被形式宾语it代替
    省to或不省
    要后置,省介否
    表目的,原因
    疑问词+to do
    判定:后有谓动
    be doing“正在做”
    have sth. done使被
    be done“被做”












    一、非谓语动词的概念
    动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
    非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do  2、动词的ing : doing  3、 动词的过去分词:done
    二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)
    不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
    三、非谓语动词的时态和语态
     
     
    一般式
    完成式
    进行式
    不定式
    主动
    to do
    to have done
    to be doing
    被动
    to be done
    to have been done
     
    ing 形式
    主动
    doing
    having done
     
    被动
    being done
    having been done
     
    过去分词
    被动
    done
     
     
    四、非谓语动词的否定形式
      在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing
    五、非谓语动词的复合结构
    不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.
      动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)
    六、非谓语动词的做题步骤
    1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
    2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
    3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
    4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
    【知识拓展】非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较
    1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语
    (1) 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如:
    ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
    A. The walk     B. Walking    C. To walk   D. Walk
    (分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 B
    (1) 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.
    It’s important for us to learn English well.
    It’s kind of you to help us.
    注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:
    It’s no good / use doing sth.
    It’s useless doing sth.
    There is no need to do sth.
    2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
    (1)不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。如:
    My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
    Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. (主表语要用同一种形式)
    (2) 分词作表语
    记住:一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词:surprise (使某人吃惊), surprising (令人吃惊), surprised (主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:excite (激动),astonish (惊奇),shock (震惊),scare (惊恐), disappoint (失望),move (感动),如:The movie is exciting.  We are excited at the news.
    3、在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove/ turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如:He seemed (to be ) very happy.
    动词短语
    一.动词短语的定义:动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语称为动词。
    二.短语动词的分类:按照其搭配,短语动词可分为6类。分别是①动词+副词;②动词+介词;③动词+副词+介词;④动词+名词;⑤动词+名词+介词;⑥be+形容词(包括过去分词做形容词)+介词
    1.动词+副词:
    这种结构的短语动词可做及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词的短语动词,若宾语是名词时,名词位于副词的前面或者后面都可以,如果所带的宾语为代词时,宾语要位于副词的前面。
    常用的副词有:away,out,off,up,down,back,in,along等。
    常见短语:cheer up振奋起来——clean up 打扫干净——get up起床——put up 举起/搭建/张贴/提名——think over仔细考虑——pick up捡起——turn down调低——start off出发——look out当心——give out分发
    例句:Could you turn down the music, please?请你把音乐关小一点好吗?
    句子中的could此处比用can更加委婉。动词短语turn down为固定搭配“调小,关小”。turn为动词,down为副词。)
    例句:She picked the pen up and gave it back to me.她捡起钢笔并还给了我。
    句子中有两个动词短语。pick up“捡起”,宾语the pen为名词,所以可以位于副词up的前面,也可以位于其后。第二个动词短语为give back“归还”,句子用的是其过去式。由于give back接的宾语是代词it,所以根据规则,放在副词back的前面)
    例句:The appointment was put off because of his illness.他由于生病而推迟了约会。
    句子中的短语动词是put off“推迟”。且句子整体是一个被动句,宾语提前了——被动句九年级会系统的学习)
    2.动词+介词:这种结构在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是位于介词的后面。
    常见的此类介词有:for,about,of,after,from,into,to,with,at等。
    常见短语:look after照顾——belong to属于——take after像——hear from收到......来信——hear of听说 ——send for派人去请——pay for赔偿——wait for等待——care for照顾/非常喜欢——laugh at嘲笑——worry about担心——listen to 听........ ——look at看.......——agree with同意
    例句:Let's first send for two students”,said the teacher.老师说:“我们先派两名学生去”。
    动词短语send for“派人去”,遵循的规则是动词+介词,此处相当于一个及物动词,所以宾语two students位于介词for的后面。)
    例句:You don't have to worry about me. I'm a good swimmer.不用担心,我水性很好。
    动词短语worry about“担心”,介词为about,宾语me根据规则,位于其后。)
    3.动词+副词+介词:这种结构中,动词、副词和介词紧密结合为一体,词义上相当于一个及物动词,所带的宾语总是位于介词的后面。
    常见短语:run out of用光——get out of逃避——come up with想出——catch up with赶上——look forward to盼望——go on with继续
    例句:I need to work hard to catch up with others.我需要努力学习赶上其他同学。
    动词短语catch up with“赶上”,catch是动词,up是副词,with是介词,三者结合为一体,宾语others接在介词with之后,符合该规则。)
    例句:Well, we shall look forward to seeing him tomorrow.嗯,我们期待着明天与他会面。
    shall用于第一人称——不懂该知识点的小伙伴可以查阅冉老师历史发文。动词短语look forward to,其中同学们要注意to在此处为固定搭配且为介词,因此其后要加动词的ing形式)
    4.动词+名词:这种结构中常见的动词有have/take/give/make等。
    常见短语:have a rest休息一下——take a walk散步——make a mistake犯错——have a try试一下——take place发生——tell a lie撒谎
    例句:You should have a rest on weekends.你周末应该休息一下。
    should后面加动词原形——不懂的小伙伴可以查阅冉老师历史发文。动词短语have a rest“休息一下”为固定搭配,a rest为名词“休息”。)
    例句:When does the weeding take place?什么时候举行婚礼?
    动词短语take place“发生”为固定搭配,place为名词“地方”,两者结合以后失去原意)
    5.动词+名词+介词:这种结构只用作及物动词。名词前面可加形容词来说明程度,宾语总是位于介词的后面。
    常见短语:have a look at看一看——make friends with与......交朋友——have a drink of喝一口——pay attention to注意——make fun of取笑——take care of照顾
    例句:You should pay attention to your teacher in class.在课堂上,你应该注意听老师讲课。
    should后面加动词原形。动词短语pay attention to“注意”为固定搭配,此处的to是介词,宾语your teacher位于其后如果介词to后面跟的是动词的话,就要改为动词的ing形式。)
    例句:I don’t want to make friends with indolent persons.我不喜欢和懒惰的人交朋友。
    句子中的make friends with“与....交朋友”为固定搭配,friends始终为复数,因为交朋友至少涉及的是两个人,所以同学们在学习过程中要注意去领会文章的文化基底。)
    6.be+形容词(包括过去分词做形容词)+介词:这种结构的短语动词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词的后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义。
    常见短语:be late for迟到——be busy with忙于——be worried about担心——be fond of喜爱——be good at擅长——be good/bad for对......有益/有害——be short of缺乏——be similar to与.....相似——be strict with对....严格要求——be proud of为.......而骄傲——be different from与......不同。
    例句:Eating more vegetables and fruit is good for your health.多吃蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。
    be good for“对......有益”为固定搭配,其反义为be bad for“对....有害”。Eating more vegetables and fruit为动名词短语做主语。)
    例句:We all have much to be proud of.我们都有很多值得自豪的东西。
    be proud of“为......而骄傲/自豪”为固定搭配,of虽然是在句末,但同学们在学习和做题中一定不能舍去。)
    强化训练
    一、选择填空
    1.【2020四川省达州市】—Can I _____________ Robinson Crusoe? Mrs. Zhao.
       —Sure,it's very interesting,but you can only ______________it for two weeks.
       A.borrow;lend B.lend;borrow C.borrow;keep D.lend;keep
    2.【2020内蒙古呼和浩特市】—Jack, let’s have a picnic after school.
       —Sorry. I have ______Frank to work on the biology report with him.
       A. Advise B. expected          C. suggested              D. promised
    3. 【2020江苏省无锡市】—I’m going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you don’t ___________.
      —Not at all. Go head.
      A. care B. agree C. mind D. insist
    4. 【2020南通市】—Excuse me, can you teach me how to              this new word?
      —No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully.
      A. prove B. pronounce C. prepare D. produce
    5. 【2020河南省】You can’t change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What _____ is what you do, not what you know.
      A. includes B. decides C. means D. matters
    6.【2020大庆市】How long will it ____ you to fly to Beijing from your hometown?
    A. spend B. take C. pay D. use
    7.【2020襄阳市】— What does Huawei’s newest smartphone look like?  
      — It’s wonderful! You can         it in half just like closing a book.
      A. hand B. pass C. fold D. cut
    8.【2020湖北省宜昌市】—Did you         the International Marathon in Lan Zhou on June 2, 2019?
    —Of course. How exciting!
    A. watch B. review C. suppose D. discover
    9.【2020新疆维吾尔族自治区】Mum likes     soap operas. Let's buy a TV for her.
    A. becoming B. watching C. looking D. smelling
    10.【2020新疆维吾尔族自治区】—I’m afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please _____ him to _____ a little.
    —Sure.
      A. ask;turn it down B. allow;turn it on C. tell;turn it up D. advise;turn it off
    11.【2020四川省】We’d better __________ our sports meeting because it’s going to rain.
       A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put down
    12. 【2020江西省】—Shall we________the things we don’t use to the people in need?
       —Good idea.
       A. put off B. set out C. get into D. give away
    13. 【2020湖北省】—About 20 million people in the world have no enough safe drinking water.
      —So we should             how to deal with the problems of water.
      A. put on B. look after C. think about D. get on with
    14. 【2020贵州省】—I don't think teachers should give too much homework to_______ the free time of students.
      —Exactly!
      A. give up B. take up C. look up D. put up
    15. 【2020四川省】— What’s the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”?
      — Let me        the words in the new dictionary.
      A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up
    16.【2020广西北部湾经济区】John, please _________your dictionary from the schoolbag and look up the new word.
       A. take away B. take up C. take off D. take out
    17.【2020广西】Zhang Lan usually looks after her little brother at home when her mother is away.
       A. looks up B. looks out C. looks over D. takes care of
    18.【2020河南省】I asked my father to _______ me _______ at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.
       A. pick; up B. turn; down C. let; down D. cheer; up
    19.【2020吉林省】We always         our classroom every Friday afternoon.
       A. clean up B. put up C. use up D.take down
    20.【2020南通市】Some jazz musicians are great because they can_______music while playing.
       A. put up B. set up C. take up D. make up
    二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
    1. Nancy often goes______ (swim) with her friends in summer
    2.I want ______ (go) to the shop.
    3.The little girl likes ________ (play) basketball. She______ (play) on the playground now.
    4.The teacher _______ (go) to school on foot every day.
    5.Let's _________ (speak) English.
    6.-_______ the man ________ (open) the window?
    -No, he isn't. He is __________ (close) the window.
    7. I _________ (lend) her some CDs the day before yesterday。
    8. I'm sorry ___________ (wake) you up.
    9.Would you please___________(not play) with the chalk?
    10.You'd better________________(pass) this book to her.
    三、根据所给汉语或首字母提示写出下列句中所缺的名词
    1 Look! A little girl _______ (游泳) in the river(河).
    2.I don't have any pens. I think she ______ (有) some.
    3.Don't _______ (读) your books. Please ________ (听) to me now.
    4.Can you help me _________ (搬运) the box?
    5.Can I _________ (借) your bike?
    6.Do you like ________ (看电视)?
    7. My parents are busy _________ (为……做准备) the visitors.
    8.I think you'd better not ________ (出去) alone at night.
    9. Do you mind my _____ (听音乐)? ---Never mind.
    10.I am afraid of _____(游泳), but Tom often _______(教) me_____(游泳).
    11.What about ________ (坐) here ? OK , let me _________ (坐) here.
    12.Tomorrow ________ (是) my birthday. I want _______ (举行) a birthday party . Would you ________ (来) to my party?
    13. He mustn't __________ (停放) his car here . ___________ (看) at the sign " NO parking.
    14.You need _________ (穿戴) warm clothes in winter.
    15.Who ________(教) you English last term?
    四、词语运用
    阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整,每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
    say, do , work , believe, may, watch, see, be, think, eat
    Can animals be made to work for us ? Some scientists __1__ that one day animals __2__ be taught to do a number of simple jobs .They __3__ that in a film or on TV we may __4__ elephants, monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .If you __5__ carefully , you may find that those animals are given something to eat in return for __6__ them. The scientists say that many different animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they will get something __7__.
    Of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and elephants can be used to do some heavy jobs. And we can also teach animals __8__ in factories. Apes ,for example have __9__ used in America to help make cars and scientists ___10__ that these monkeys may one day get in crops and even drive trains . 
    五、完形填空
    Mrs. Green lives in the country, and she ___1__ know London very well. One day, she goes to London, but she 2 find her way. Just then, she 3 a man near the bus stop. “ I can ask him the way. ” she 4 . Then she goes over to the man and asks,“ Excuse me, will you please
    5 me the way to King Street?” But the man doesn’t say anything. He 6 Cuba. He doesn’t 7 English. He comes to London for a 8 . He takes out a book and 9 something on it. Then he 10 it to Mrs. Green,“Sorry, I can’t speak English.”
    ( )1. A. does B. doesn’t C. do D. don’t
    ( )2. A. may B. may not C. can’t D. can
    ( )3. A. looks at B. watches C. sees D. looks
    ( )4. A. thinks B. to think C. is thinking D. think
    ( )5. A.said B. say C. talk D. tell
    ( )6. A. am B. is C. isn’t D. are
    ( )7. A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. spoke
    ( )8. A. walk B. swim C. visit D. look
    ( )9. A. writing B. write C. writes D. wrote
    ( )10. A. shows B. gives C. gets D. takes
    参考答案:
    一、1—5CDCBD 6—10BCABA 11—15CDCBD 16—20DDAAD
    1.【答案】C 
    【解析】borrow借,强调借入,短暂性动词;lend借,强调借出,短暂性动词;keep也有借的意思,强调保管,延续性动词;Can I borrow Robinson Crusoe?强调借入,所以用borrow;由句子中的for two weeks第二个空应该用延续性动词keep,故选:C。
    2.【答案】D
    【解析】句意:——杰克,放学后我们去野餐吧。——抱歉。我答应弗莱克和他一起做生物学报告。A表示建议;B表示期待、盼望;C表示建议;D表示承诺、允诺。根据题干中Sorry可知杰克不能放学后去野餐,因为他承诺弗莱克和他一起去做生物学报告,其中promise sb. to do sth.表示承诺某人做某事,故选D。
    3.【答案】C
    【解析】句意:——如果你不介意的话,我要在沙拉里加些番茄酱。——一点也不。加吧。A. care照料;B. agree同意;C. mind介意;D. insist坚持。根据I’m going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you don’t _________. 如果你不_______ 的话,我要在沙拉里加些番茄酱。和答语Not at all. Go head. 一点也不。加吧。可以推知,应该选择mind介意;符合语境。故选C。
    4.【答案】B
    【解析】句意:——打扰一下,你能教给我怎样发出这个新单词的音吗?——没问题。看我的嘴认真地听。A. prove证明;B. pronounce发音;C. prepare准备;D. produce生产,制造。根据下文No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully.可知上文是说发音。根据题意,故选B。
    5.【答案】D
    【解析】句意:你不能通过看书来改变你是谁,也不能通过看视频来改变你的行为方式。重要的是你做什么,而不是你知道什么。A. includes包括;B. decides对……作出抉择;C. means方式;D. matters重要性。本题考查what matters = what is essential/important重要的是;因此本题应该选择matters重要性。符合语境。故选D。
    6.【答案】B
    【解析】句意:从家乡坐飞机到北京要花费你多长时间?A. spend花费钱或时间,主语是人;B. take常指花费时间,用在“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型中;C. pay花费金钱,主语是人;D. use使用。本句考查的是“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型。故答案为B。
    7.【答案】C
    【解析】句意:——华为最新的智能手机是什么样子的?——它太棒了!你可像一本书一样把它折叠起来。考查动词辨析。A. hand传递;B. pass经过;C. fold折叠;D. cut切割。根据in half just like closing a book就像合上一本书一样,可推知应是可以把它折叠起来,故答案选C。
    8.【答案】A
    【解析】句意:——你看2019年6月2日在兰州举行的国际马拉松比赛了吗?——当然。太令人兴奋了!考查动词辨析。A. 观看(电视/比赛);B. 回顾;C. 设想;D. 发现。根据the International Marathon可知选A。
    9.【答案】B
    【解析】句意:妈妈喜欢观看肥皂剧,让我们为她买一台电视吧。A. becoming变成; B. watching观看;C. looking看起来;D. smelling闻起来。短语like doing sth.表示喜欢做某事。看肥皂剧是 watch soap operas.根据题意,故选B。
    10.【答案】A
    【解析】句意:——我担心这个收音机太吵闹了。你可以让它关小点吗?——当然可以。ask sb to do sth让某人做某事,allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事,tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事,advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事,turn it down把它关小点,turn it on关上它,turn it up把它开大点,turn it off把它关上。根据I’m afraid his radio is too noisy.可知此处表示收音机太吵了,因此把它关小点,故选A。
    11.【答案】C
    【解析】考查动词短语和句意辨析。句意:我们最好把我们的运动会_______,因为天要下雨了。A. put on 穿上,上演;B. put up 举起,张贴;C. put off 推迟。根据后面的天要下雨,可知最好推迟运动会,故选C。
    12.【答案】D
    【解析】句意:——我们将把不用的东西送给需要帮助的人吗?——好主意。考查动词短语辨析。A.推迟;B. 出发;C. 进入;D. 赠送。根据句意语境,可知前面三项意思都与句意不合,故选D。
    13.【答案】C
    【解析】句意:——世界上大约有2000万人没有足够的安全饮用水。——所以我们应该考虑如何处理水的问题。A. 穿上;B.照顾;C. 思考;D. 继续。考查动词短语辨析。根据how to deal with the problems of water可知think about符合句意,故选C。
    14.【答案】B
    【解析】句意:——我认为教师不应该布置太多的家庭作业来占用学生的空闲时间。——没错!考查动词短语。A. give up放弃;B. take up占用,占据;C. look up查阅,查字典,抬头看;D. put up建造,搭起,挂起。结合句意可知填take up;选B。
    15.【答案】D
    【解析】句意:——一带一路是什么意思?——让我们在这个字典上查一下这个词。A.看;B.寻找;C.照顾;D.查阅。根据句意可知,表示“查阅这个单词”,故选D。
    16.【答案】D
    【解析】句意:约翰,请从书包里拿出你的字典来查这个新单词。考查动词短语。A. take away拿走、带走;B. take up占据、开始从事;C. take off起飞、脱下;D. take out取出、拿出。根据语境:请…你的字典从你的书包里来查这个新单词,可知此处表达的是“取出、拿出”,结合选项可知D选项符合题意,故答案选D。
    17.【答案】D
    【解析】句意:张兰经常在她的妈妈离开时在家里照顾她的小弟弟。looks up向上看;查找;looks out向外看;小心;looks over检查,察看;takes care of照顾。原句中划线的单词looks after意为“照顾”,与take care of是同义短语,故应选D。
    18.【答案】A
    【解析】句意:我让我父亲6:30在学校门口接我,这样我们就可以一起去看望奶奶了。A. pick; up拾起;捡起;还有“用车去接……”的意思;B. turn; down关小;C. let; down使失望;使沮丧;D. cheer; up(使)振作起来。根据后文so that we could visit Grandma together. 这样我们就可以一起去看望奶奶了。可知,前文应该是让父亲在6:30在学校门口接我。因此应该选择pick; up,符合语境。故选A。
    19.【答案】A
    【解析】句意:每个周五的下午我们经常打扫我们的教室。A.打扫;B.张贴、举起、搭建、留宿;C.用光。根据句意可知,表示“打扫教室”,故选A。
    20.【答案】D
    【解析】句意:有些爵士乐手很棒,因为他们可以一边演奏一边编音乐。A. put up张贴;B. set up建立;C. take up占据;D. make up编造。根据下文music while playing.可知上文是编造。根据题意,故选D。
    二、1.swimming 2.to go 3. playing; is playing 4.goes 5. speak 6.Is openning; closing 7. lend 8. to wake 9. not play 10.pass
    三、1.is swimming 2.has 3.read; listen 4.carry 5.borrow 6.watching TV 7.get ready for 8.go out 9.listenning to Music 10.swimming; teaches; to swim 11.sitting; sit 12.is; to have; come 13. park;look 14. wear/ to wear 15.teaches
    四、1.think 2.may 3.say 4.see 5.watch 6.doing 7. to eat 8.to work 9.been 10.believe
    五、1—5BCCAD 6—10BACCA

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