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甘肃省兰州市第一中学2021届高三上学期期中考试 英语(含答案)
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兰州一中2020-2021-1学期期中考试试题
高三英语
说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。
一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节(共10题：每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并填写答题卡上.
A
If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?
What is a Hoverboard?
A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. It’s electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard.
How Does a Hoverboard Work?
The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isn’t complicated. Basically, a standard hoverboard contains:
•Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery.
•Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt (倾斜) the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction.
•Motor (one in each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright.
•Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes data—your speed, tilt, etc.—and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.
All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed.
Why Buy a Hoverboard?
Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. You’ve probably seen kids riding one around the house. They’re a phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend?
Where is a hoverboard legal?
Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areas—including your yard—are free of these restrictions.
1. The logic board of a hoverboard can ______.
A. store electricity B. power the wheels
C. send information to the riders D. receive data and give command
2. According to the passage, you can see a hoverboard ______.
A. on campus B. in parks
C. on bike paths D. in shopping malls
3. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To evaluate a gift’s quality.
B. To suggest a gift option.
C. To compare new hoverboard models.
D. To explain functions of the latest hoverboards.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一则推荐类的广告。文章主要介绍了悬滑板（平衡车）的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由•Logic board 部分中的“It processes data — your speed, tilt, etc.— and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.”可知，它处理数据——你的速度、倾斜度等——并将信息发送给电动机。这个装置控制着滑板的力量，所以骑手们可以调整他们的速度。由此我们可以判断logic board可以接收数据，并发出指令。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations.”可知，目前，一些地方禁止16岁以下的人使用这些设备，学术机构和公共场所也禁止使用悬滑板（平衡车），比如校园建筑、公园、购物中心和地铁站。选项A校园，B公园，D购物中心都被排除。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?”可知，如果你想给你的孩子买礼物，为什么不紧跟潮流，买最好的悬滑板（平衡车）呢？由此可知，这篇文章是帮大家推荐一款给孩子的礼物。故选B。
B
Name-calling, teasing, pushing and fighting-whether you have gone through it or not, it is quite definite that these are the things that turn up in your mind when you hear the word "bullying". However, many of us know little about the serious, lasting harms bullying could cause.
If you've watched 13 Reasons Why, you'll understand the impacts that bullying can have. The second season of the popular US teenage drama was released on May 18. It tells the story of Hannah Baker, a high school student who takes her own life after she's picked on by fellow students, while others stand by and do nothing to help her.
One of the important messages audiences could get from the show is to treat people with kindness and respect. "It teaches us that every single thing we say and do has an impact on others "news platform Odyssey concluded.
Some may think 13 Reasons Why exaggerates（夸大）the seriousness of school bullying, but according to the US National Center for Educational Statistics, more than 20 percent of US students were bullied in 2016, and only 36% of this group reported it.
NBA player Gerald Green opened up about being called "alien hands" during his teenage years due to his big hands. "Being bullied was embarrassing, " he said. "I still remember shying away from crowds and walking around with my hands in my pockets to evade the attention from my peers. "To get away with the teasing, he found his motivation by playing basketball and making a career out of it. But not everyone is so lucky to discover a release.
According to statistics released by the US government, if someone prevents a bully, there's a 57% chance that the bullying will stop within 10 seconds. So if you ever witness bullying, consider stepping up and supporting the victim. As US actor Brandon Flynn, who stars in 13 Reasons Why, said, "Just because you're not the one getting bullied, it doesn't mean it's not your problem. "
4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph？
A. To add more statistics.
B. To call on eyewitnesses to take action.
C. To introduce a new topic of the discussion.
D. To give people advice about dealing with bullying.
5. What does the US National Center for Educational Statistics indicate？
A. Bullying isn't a serious problem in many schools.
B. School bullying can't cause too much pain.
C. Only a few people are concerned about bullying.
D. Many people who're bullied choose not to seek help.
6. What does the underlined word in Para. 5 mean？
A. Attract. B. Focus. C. Avoid. D. Keep.
7. What does the text tell us about 13 Reasons Why？
A. It overstates school bullying.
B. It was first shown on May 18.
C. It is mainly about school bullying.
D. It shows few people can report bullying.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了《十三个原因》是一部以校园欺凌为题材的电视剧，从而揭示了校园欺凌是在美国校园普遍存在的现象。校园欺凌的受害者承受着巨大的痛苦，呼吁人人都采取行动制止校园欺凌。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to statistics released by the US government, if someone prevents a bully, there's a 57% chance that the bullying will stop within 10 seconds. So if you ever witness bullying, consider stepping up and supporting the victim.”可知，根据美国政府公布的统计数据，如果有人阻止欺凌，有57%的几率在10秒内就阻止欺凌。所以，如果你亲眼目睹了欺凌行为，那就考虑支持受害者。由此判断出，最后一段的目的是呼吁目击者采取行动。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“but according to the US National Center for Educational Statistics, more than 20 percent of US students were bullied in 2016, and only 36% of this group reported it.”可知，但据美国国家教育统计中心统计，2016年有超过20%的美国学生受到欺凌，而这一群体中只有36%的人报案。由此可知，美国国家教育统计中心指出许多受欺负的人选择不寻求帮助。故选D项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线前的句子“Being bullied was embarrassing, " he said. "I still remember shying away from crowds”可知，被欺负是很尴尬的，我还记得我故意避开人群。由此可知，Gerald Green双手插在兜里是为了躲避同龄人的注意。故划线词的意思是“避开”。故选C项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“If you've watched 13 Reasons Why, you'll understand the impacts that bullying can have.”可知，如果你已经看了《十三个原因》，你会理解欺凌可能带来的影响。由此可知，《十三个原因》主要是关于校园欺凌。故选C项。
C
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still costly, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to-- regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
A new type of technology is not a necessity that people aren’t already familiar with in the case. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
8. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
9. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
10. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment﹣friendly. B. It’ll be available to customers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
11. Where is this text most likely from?
A. diary.
B. guidebook.
C. novel.
D. magazine
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了研究员正在研究开发一种智能键盘的目的与可行性，该智能键盘能降低电子空间保护的成本。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still costly, though.(随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，生物识别技术（如指纹扫描）的市场正在增长，以防止其他人进入私人电子空间。不过，目前，这些技术的成本仍然很高)”以及第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.(乔治亚理工大学的研究人员说，他们发明了一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：一个智能键盘。)”可知，由于数据和身份失窃越来越普遍，市场的发展正需求生物测量技术，为了不让别人进入私人的电子空间。但是，目前这些技术仍然很昂贵，因此，研究员们发明了低成本的智能键盘来保护私人电子空间。因此，研究人员要开发智能键盘的目的是D项“To cut the cost of e-space protection(降低电子空间保护的成本)”符合题意。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三 “The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.(这种键盘通过分析用户键入的力度和按键之间的时间，可以提供一个强大的安全层次)”以及第四句“Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to— regardless of whether someone gets the password right.(因此，键盘可以确定人们的身份，进而决定是否应该允许他们访问它所连接的计算机——不管某人是否正确地输入了密码)”可知，智能键盘是通过识别用户键入的力度和按键之间的时间来识别用户的身份是否是合法用户，以此来保护用户的个人信息的，打字模式因人而异使得智能键盘能利用这个特点，识别出合法用户，以保护个人信息。因此，使智能键盘的发明成为可能的是C项“Typing patterns vary from person to person.(打字模式因人而异)” 符合题意。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the nearfuture.(该团队希望能在不久的将来推向市场。)”可知，这个研究团队希望这种智能键盘在不久的将来走向市场，言外之意，这些团队希望这种智能键盘不久将能够到达消费者手中。因此，研究人员对智能键盘的期待是B项“It’ll be available to customers soon.(顾客很快就可以买到它)”符合题意。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，依靠生物识别技术来保护私人电子空间成本很高。研究员正在研究开发一种智能键盘以降低电子空间保护的成本。结合关于杂志的常识，再根据文章所讲述的内容推断，本文很可能节选自一本科技类杂志（magazine）。故选D项。
D
Cursive（手写体）is about to become extinct. Do we raise the red flag？To teach or not to teach cursive is the question that several state education departments are struggling with.
Before you read the following, do a simple exercise. Pick a pen and paper and start writing in cursive. Yes, that fancy handwriting that you learned in grade school. You may not have forgotten the good times you had while writing loopy Ps and Gs as well as curly Ms and Ns. However, the chances are that you won't be able to write it as excellently as you used to. Some people are good at making the perfect loops and curls, while some are bad. I am still terrible at it.
Cursive is hardly used by kids anymore as even adults don't write in this style, unless they are using it for their signature. Learning this handwriting was a usual practice in school for several decades. However, in 201l, the Indiana Department of Education made it optional for schools to teach cursive writing to the students. In fact, there were 46 more states who have done the same.
There are some who believe that it is high time for cursive to retire from school curriculum. After all, if we don't leave the past behind, we cannot make way for new things. If you walk into any classroom, you would find children using keyboards to communicate in written form. On the other hand, fans of this cursive insist on its usefulness. They remind us if we stop teaching and learning cursive in schools, very soon most of our historical documents will become hard to us.
Where do we stand on this subject？Is it the right time to erase an almost forgotten handwriting and live in the keyboarding world？Or can we do both without compromising on our school curriculum？Let me know your preference on this matter by leaving a comment in the section below.
12. People use cursive when they _________.
A. give their signature B. are in Indiana
C. grow up as adults D. are at school
13. In Indiana school，children_________.
A. must learn cursive B. are interested in cursive
C. can choose to learn cursive D. learn cursive every day
14. It can be inferred that the author ___________.
A. prefers to learn cursive
B. is a cursive teacher
C. is open to different views on cursive
D. is a very famous expert in education
15. What would be the best title for the passage？
A. Cursive Writing: Necessary or not？ B. Is Keyboarding World Good？
C. A Keyboarding World D. Advantages of Cursive
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了手写体在日常生活中的必要性。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Cursive is hardly used by kids anymore as even adults don 't write in this style，unless they are using it for their signature”可知，孩子们和成年人不常使用这种书写风格，除非是当他们签名时。因此，A 为正确项，签名时用手写体。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句的“However，in 2011, the Indiana Department of Education made it optional for schools to teach cursive writing to the students.（然而，在2011年，印第安纳州教育部规定，学校可选择向学生教授手写体。）”可知，印第安纳州的学生可以选择学或者不学手写体。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。 根据文章最后一句“Let me know your thoughts on this matter by leaving a comment in the section below.（请在下面的部分留言，让我知道你对这个问题的想法。）”可知，作者欢迎人们就手写体这个问题提出自己的观点。故选C。
15题详解】
主旨大意题。 阅读文章，并结合第一段“Cursive（手写体）is about to become extinct. Do we raise the red flag？To teach or not to teach cursive is the question that several state education departments are struggling with.（手写体即将绝迹。我们要竖起红旗吗?教还是不教手写体是几个州的教育部门都在努力解决的问题。）”结合全文内容，可知文章通过手写体即将消失这一话题展开，论述手写体存在的必要性。因此，结合选项可知，选项A"手写体必要吗？"为最佳标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One major reason Americans don’t get enough exercise is that they feel they don’t have enough time. It can be difficult to squeeze in the 75 minutes of aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week that federal guidelines recommend.____16____.
In a new analysis of 14 studies, researchers tracked deaths among more than 232,000 people from the U.S., Denmark, the U.K. and China over at least five years, and compared the findings with people’s self-reports about how much they ran. People who said they ran any amount were less likely to die than those who didn’t run at all.____17____ This was true even for those who didn’t log a great deal of time. The analysis divided people into groups, with 50 minutes or less per week representing the group that ran the least―but still ran. ‘‘Regardless of how much you run, you can expect such benefits,” says Zeljko Pedisic, one of the authors of the new analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The analysis is the latest to illustrate the benefits of running on the human body. It’s what we evolved (进化) to do. ____18____ But as leisure-time exercise, running keeps us healthy. “One of the best ways to avoid having to see a doctor,” Zeljko says, “is to stay physically active.”
____19____ Running is good at guarding against cancer partly because it uses up blood sugar, starving the cancer cells that rely on it for fuel. And it protects you in other ways not necessarily measured in the latest research: by decreasing inflammation (炎症), for example, which is at the root of many diseases, and stimulating the production of a protein that improves brain health.
____20____ Neither were how often people ran and the pace they kept. As long as you’re running, more isn’t always better, especially given that the risk of injury increases with repetition.
A. People may no longer hunt wild animals for their next meal.
B. The physical demands of running affect our body in a beneficial way.
C. Some people run to prevent disease, and others run because it makes them feel better.
D. Runners were 27% less likely to die for any reason, compared with nonrunners.
E. But researchers point out, to infer something like that, they need the whole population measured.
F. But new research suggests people may be able to get life-lengthening benefits by running for far less time.
G. The good news is that running more than 50 minutes per week wasn’t linked to additional protections against dying.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. G
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了跑步对健康的好处：减小死亡率，预防癌症，减少炎症，刺激蛋白质的生产，改善大脑健康。跑步的频率和速度不重要，只要在跑步就行。
【16题详解】
上文提到美国人抽不出时间进行锻炼的现象，下文介绍跑步对健康的好处。F项：但新的研究表明，人们可以通过更短的跑步时间获得延长寿命的好处。与上文形成转折，引出下文的主要内容。故选F。
【17题详解】
上文提到，研究表明：那些经常跑步的人比那些根本不跑步的人死亡的可能性更小。D项：跑步者因任何原因死亡的可能性比不跑步的人低27%，是对上文研究结果的进一步说明。故选D。
【18题详解】
上句提到：最新的分析表明了跑步对人体的好处，就是我们的进化。下文应该具体介绍人类进化对运动的影响。A项：人们可能不再捕猎野生动物作为他们的下一餐，说明了人类生存方式的变化，引出了下文人们把跑步作为休闲锻炼方式。故选A。
【19题详解】
下文提到跑步能很好地预防癌症，减少炎症，刺激蛋白质的生产，改善大脑健康。这些都是跑步对身体的好处，B项：跑步的身体需求对我们的身体有好处。概括了本段内容，故选B。
【20题详解】
下文提到人们跑步的频率和速度不重要，只要在跑步就行，跑步越多并不总是越好。G项：好消息是，每周跑步超过50分钟并没有额外的预防死亡的作用，说明了跑步的时间和作用关系并不大的道理。故选G。
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并填写在答题卡上。
I enjoy feeding a colorful group of birds in my garden. On the ground, I put out black—oiled sunflower seeds, broken peanuts, and___21___grapes and apples. Some birds respond for their daily___22___when I call out the names I’ve given them.
About three years ago, I noticed a newcomer to this festive___23___. It was a baby chipmunk(金花鼠), apparently on its own. Over that summer, I watched it ___24___. The next summer, the chipmunk was___25___, and l wondered whether it would___26___me to feed it by hand. I named it Chip.
I decided to adopt the___27___I use to persuade wild cats to come close for food:patience, a soft voice, slow gestures and___28___.
Before Chip would___29___, I’d put down its favorite_____30_____, sunflower seeds, bent down and keep very_____31_____. I’d leave my_____32_____hand in place, unmoving, so the animal would know l wouldn’t_____33_____it. I continued doing this for a few weeks.
Finally, late in that second summer, Chip did_____34_____more trust. One day as I_____35_____a seed in my fingertips, it approached and carefully took the seed into its mouth.
After about two months of this_____36_____, I went further. With my finger, I touched its back_____37_____once. Chip stayed _____38_____, eating seeds, before rushing into the bushes. Today, the chipmunk comes out of hiding when I call its name, and lets me pet its soft, silky body.
I’ve developed a greater respect for nature and its_____39_____and the opportunity to_____40_____, protect and save wildlife.
21. A. deserted B. stolen C. cut D. exported
22. A. meeting B. breaking C. fighting D. feeding
23. A. occasion B. change C. advance D. progress
24. A. compromise B. grow C. disappear D. recover
25. A. over B. off C. behind D. back
26. A. trust B. encourage C. defend D. invite
27. A. adaptation B. methods C. distinction D. advantages
28. A. responsibility B. introduction C. repetition D. judgement
29. A. approach B. run C. fly D. awake
30. A. cage B. name C. music D. food
31. A. serious B. still C. polite D. awake
32. A. bare B. dirty C. white D. open
33. A. grab B. left C. exchange D. search
34. A. receive B. show C. earn D. understand
35. A. gathered B. sprayed C. offered D. hid
36. A. record B. exhibition C. respect D. routine
37. A. gently B. hopefully C. powerfully D. guiltily
38. A. nervous B. trapped C. calm D. thirsty
39. A. plants B. art C. creatures D. adventure
40. A. visit B. observe C. represent D. select
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己喂养金花鼠并一步步取得它的信任，从而有机会近距离观察它的故事。通过这件事，作者对自然和动物产生了更大的尊重。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：在地上，我拿出黑油的葵花籽、碎花生、切碎的葡萄和苹果。A.deserted废弃的；B.stolen偷来的；C.cut切碎的；D.exported出口的。根据上文“I enjoy feeding a colorful group of birds in my garden. On the ground, I put out black—oiled sunflower seeds, broken peanuts”可知，作者喜欢在花园里喂鸟，鸟吃的食物都很小，所以作者给鸟吃的是葵花籽、碎花生、切碎的（cut）葡萄。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：当我叫出我给它们起的名字时，有些鸟会对它们的日常喂养做出反应。A.meeting会议；B.breaking打破；C.fighting战斗；D.feeding喂养。根据上文“I enjoy feeding a colorful group of birds in my garden”可知，作者喜欢在花园里喂鸟，有些鸟会对作者的日常喂养（feeding）做出反应。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约三年前，我注意到一个新来者来到这个欢乐的场合。A.occasion场合；B.change变化；C.advance推进；D.progress进展。上文提到作者爱好在花园里喂鸟，结合下文可知，一只金花鼠也加入了被作者喂食的场合（occasion）。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那年夏天，我看着它长大。A.compromise妥协；B.grow成长；C.disappear消失；D.recover恢复。根据上文“It was a baby chipmunk, apparently on its own. Over that summer”可知，这是一只小金花鼠，作者整个夏天喂养它，亲眼看着它长大（grow）。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词词义辨析。句意：第二年夏天，金花鼠又回来了，我想知道它是否会相信我亲手喂它。A.over在；B.off离开；C.behind后面；D.back返回，回来。根据下文“and l wondered whether it would___6___me to feed it by hand”可知，作者想用手亲自喂金花鼠，因此，金花鼠回来（back）了。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二年夏天，金花鼠又回来了，我想知道它是否会信任我亲手喂它。A.trust信任，相信；B.encourage鼓励；C.defend保卫；D.invite邀请。根据下文“Finally, late in that second summer, Chip did___14___more trust.”可知，最终金花鼠表现了对作者的信任，因此，该句中指的是，作者想知道金花鼠是否信任（trust）自己亲手喂养它。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定采用我用来驯服野猫靠近觅食的方法：耐心、柔和的声音、缓慢的手势和重复。A.adaptation适应；B.methods方法；C.distinction区别；D.advantages的优势。根据下文“I use to persuade wild cats to come close for food：patience, a soft voice, slow gestures and___8___. ”可知，作者想用驯服野猫的方法（methods）来取得金花鼠的信任。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定采用我用来驯服野猫靠近觅食的方法：耐心、柔和的声音、缓慢的手势和重复。A.responsibility责任；B.introduction介绍；C.repetition重复；D. judgement判断。根据下一段“I continued doing this for a few weeks.”可知，作者保持这种训练重复了几个星期，因此，作者驯服野猫的方法是耐心、柔和的声音、缓慢的手势和重复（repetition）。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在奇普走近之前，我会放下它最喜欢的食物，葵花籽，弯下腰，一动不动。A.approach靠近；B.run跑，运行；C.fly飞；D.awake醒来。根据下文“I’d put down its favorite___10___, sunflower seeds, bent down and keep very___11___.”可知，金花鼠又回来觅食，当它靠近（approach）时，作者把金花鼠最喜爱的食物放下给它吃。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在奇普走近之前，我会放下它最喜欢的食物，葵花籽，弯下腰，一动不动。A.cage笼子；B.name名字；C.music音乐；D.food食物。根据该句中的“sunflower seeds”可知，作者放下的是金花鼠最喜欢的食物（food）。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在奇普走近之前，我会放下它最喜欢的食物，葵花籽，弯下腰，一动不动。A.serious严重的；B.still静止的；C.polite礼貌；D.awake清醒。根据下文“I’d leave my___12___hand in place, unmoving, so the animal would know l wouldn’t___13___it.”可知，作者放下食物后保持静止不动（still），以免惊吓到金花鼠。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会把张开的手放在原地，一动不动，这样动物就会知道我不会去抓住它。A.bare裸的；B.dirty脏的；C.white白色的；D.open张开的。根据下文“so the animal would know l wouldn’t___13___it.”可知，作者的手张开着（open）不动，这样金花鼠就会知道作者不会去抓它。故选D项。
33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会把张开的手放在原地，一动不动，这样动物就会知道我不会抓住它。A.grab抓住；B.left离开；C.exchange交换；D.search搜索。根据该句中的“I’d leave my___12___hand in place, unmoving”可知，作者把手张开，在原地不动，怕自己的动作会惊吓到金花鼠而让它误会自己想抓住（grab）它。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，在第二个夏末，奇普确实表现出了更多的信任。A. receive 收到；B. show表现；C. earn 赚；D. understand 理解。根据下文“One day as I___15___a seed in my fingertips, it approached and carefully took the seed into its mouth. ”可知，金花鼠小心翼翼的接近作者放在手上的食物，它对作者表现（show）出了更多的信任。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，当我主动提供了一粒种子并放在指尖上时，它走近我，小心翼翼地把它叼进嘴里。A.gathered聚集；B.sprayed喷洒；C.offered主动提供；D.hid藏。根据上文语境可知，作者想取得金花鼠的信任，希望能亲自用手给它喂食，因此，作者主动提供（offered）种子并放在指尖上，引诱金花鼠来吃。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过两个月的例行训练，我更近了一步。A.record记录；B.exhibition展览；C.respect尊重；D.routine例行，常规。根据第四段I continued doing this for a few weeks.”以及本段句中的“After about two months”可知，作者对金花鼠进行了长久的例行（routine）训练。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我用手指温柔地摸了一下它的背。A.gently温柔地；B.hopefullyb希望；C.powerfully有力；D.guiltily内疚地。根据语境可知，作者担心自己的动作会惊吓到金花鼠，因此，作者温柔地（gently）抚摸金花鼠的背。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奇普保持冷静地吃着种子，然后冲进灌木丛。A.nervous紧张的；B.trapped受困的；C.calm冷静的；D.thirsty渴望的。根据下文“eating seeds, before rushing into the bushes.”可知，金花鼠信任作者，因此，它保持平静的（calm）吃种子。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对自然和它的动物产生了更大的尊重，并有机会观察、保护和拯救野生动物。A.plants植物；B.art艺术；C.creatures动物；D.adventure冒险。通读全文可知，作者主要讲述了自己喂养金花鼠，并一步步取得它的信任，从而接近它的故事。金花鼠属于动物（creatures）。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词辨析。句意：我对自然和它的动物产生了更大的尊重，并有机会观察、保护和拯救野生动物。A.visit访问；B.observe观察；C.represent代表；D.select选择。通读全文可知，作者主要讲述了自己喂养金花鼠，并一步步取得它的信任，从而有机会近距离观察（observe）它的故事。故选B项。
三.（每空1.5分，共15分）
语法填空
In December 2019, there was a cluster of pneumonia ___41___ (case) in China. Investigations found that it was caused by a ___42___ (previous) unknown virus–now named the 2019 Novel Coronavirus. It _____43_____ (identify) first in China, ___44___ occurred in a group of people with pneumonia who’d been associated ____45____a seafood and live animal market in the city of Wuhan. The disease spread from those who were sick to others, ____46____ (include) family members and health care staff. ____47____ (fight) against the epidemic, the Chinese people united even stronger than ever before, and they made ___48___. China also helped other countries in the same situation, ___49___ (make) its positive image all over the world _____50_____(strengthen).
【答案】41. cases
42. previously
43. was identified
44. which 45. with
46. including
47. To fight
48. it 49. making
50. strengthened
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2019年12月，中国出现了肺炎聚集病例。调查发现，这种病毒是由一种以前未知的病毒引起的——现在被命名为2019新型冠状病毒。介绍了病毒的起源和中国人民抗击疫情所采取的行动。
【41题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：2019年12月，中国出现了肺炎病例群。case为可数名词，由a cluster of修饰应用复数形式。故填cases。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：调查发现，这种病毒是由一种以前未知的病毒引起的——现在被命名为2019新型冠状病毒。修饰后文形容词unknown，应用副词previously，作状语。故填previously。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：该病毒在中国首次被发现，发生在一群与武汉一个海鲜和活动物市场有关的肺炎患者中。此处描述过去发生的事情，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为It，谓语动词用单数。故填was identified。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该病毒在中国首次被发现，发生在一群与武汉一个海鲜和活动物市场有关的肺炎患者中。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词it，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：该病毒在中国首次被发现，发生在一群与武汉一个海鲜和活动物市场有关的肺炎患者中。结合句意表示“与……有关”可知短语为be associated with。故填with。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：这种疾病从患者传播到其他人，包括家庭成员和医疗工作人员。结合句意表示“包括……在内”，后跟family members and health care staff作宾语，应用介词including。故填including。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了抗击疫情，中国人民比以往任何时候都更加团结，并且成功战胜了疫情。分析句子结构可知fight在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填To fight。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：为了抗击疫情，中国人民比以往任何时候都更加团结，并且成功战胜了疫情。结合句意表示“成功，达到预定目标”短语为make it。故填it。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国还帮助了其他处于同样处境的国家，使其在世界各地的积极形象得到加强。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国还帮助了其他处于同样处境的国家，使其在世界各地的积极形象得到加强。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，image与strengthen构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。故填strengthened。
四. 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 文中共有10处语言错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It was Monday yesterday. My friend Li Hua went to school with his homework unfinishing. He played online games all through the weekend. It was too late when he founded he had homework to do. To avoid punished, he told his teacher that a dog eats his homework. Obviously, it was just an excuse he made to cover the fact which he hadn’t done his homework. The teacher certainly knew about that and made them stay after school. Sometimes we think we can avoid trouble by making excuse when we do something wrongly. Therefore, we are really making problems worse instead of.
【答案】1.unfinishing→unfinished
2.founded→found
3.avoid后添加being
4.eats→ate
5.which→that
6.them→him
7.excuse→excuses
8.wrongly→wrong
9.Therefore→However
10.去掉of
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者由李华为了掩盖没做作业事实而向老师撒谎的事情，领悟到找借口来避免麻烦反而会使事情变得更糟。
【详解】1.考查with的复合结构。句意：我的朋友李华没有完成作业就去上学了。此处为with的复合结构，homework与finish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表示被动。故unfinishing改为unfinished。
2.考查时态。句意：当他发现有作业要做时已经太晚了。结合句意表示“发现”动词为find，此处表示过去，因此用find的过去式found，founded是found“建立”的过去式，故founded改为found。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免被惩罚，他告诉老师他的作业被狗吃掉了。avoid后接动名词作宾语，且he与punish之间是被动关系，应用being done形式。故avoid后添加being。
4.考查时态。句意：为了避免被惩罚，他告诉老师他的作业被狗吃掉了。结合上文可知事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时。故eats改为ate。
5.考查同位语从句。句意：显然，这只是他为了掩盖没做作业的事实而找的借口。此处为同位语从句，解释fact的内容，在从句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，用仅起连接作用的that。故which改为that。
6.考查代词。句意：老师当然知道是怎么回事，让他放学后留下来。此处指 Li Hua，作动词made的宾语，应用代词him。故them改为him。
7.考查名词。句意：当我们做错事的时候，我们认为我们可以通过找借口来避免麻烦。excuse为可数名词，此处表示各种理由，因此要用复数形式。故excuse改为excuses。
8.考查形容词。句意：当我们做错事的时候，我们认为我们可以通过找借口来避免麻烦。修饰不定代词something要用形容词wrong，作后置定语。故wrongly改为wrong。
9.考查副词。句意：然而，我们反而使事情变得更糟。结合前后文语境可知，此处表示转折关系，由逗号隔开，且修饰整个句子，应用副词however。故Therefore改为However。
10.考查instead的用法。句意：然而，我们反而使事情变得更糟。instead放在句尾，用副词作状语，不能加of，instead of后面要加成分。故去掉of。
五.书面表达（25分）
52. 假如你是李华，打算竞选学校英语俱乐部主席，请写一篇竞选演讲稿。内容包括：
1. 个人优势
2. 中选后的设想
参考词汇：竞选run for
注意：1. 字数100字左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3. 演讲稿的开头已为你写好，不计入总字数。
Good afternoon, my dear friends,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Good afternoon, my dear friends,
My name is Li Hua. It’s a great honor for me to have a chance to run for the president of the English club in our school.
I can always get along harmoniously with others because I’m outgoing. Organizing various kinds of activities efficiently is another advantage of mine. If I can be elected, I’ll spare no effort to serve my fellow students. To improve our English and make students interested in it, I intend to organize some meaningful activities, including lectures, English parties, as well as English competitions.
I sincerely hope you will vote for me and please believe that I will be a qualified president.
Thank you.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，李华打算竞选学校英语俱乐部主席，请你帮他写一篇英语竞选演讲稿。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：内容包括：1. 个人优势；2. 中选后的设想
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
have a chance to do; run for；get along harmoniously with；various kinds of； spare no effort to；as well as
第三步：连词成句
1.My name is Li Hua.
2.It’s a great honor for me to have a chance to run for the president of the English club in our school.
3.I can always get along harmoniously with others because I’m outgoing.
4.Organizing various kinds of activities efficiently is another advantage of mine.
5.If I can be elected, I’ll spare no effort to serve my fellow students.
6.To improve our English and make students interested in it, I intend to organize some meaningful activities, including lectures, English parties, as well as English competitions.
7.I sincerely hope you will vote for me and please believe that I will be a qualified president.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s a great honor for me to have a chance to run for the president of the English club in our school.(it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式)
[高分句型2] I can always get along harmoniously with others because I’m outgoing.（because引导原因状语从句）
[高分句型3]Organizing various kinds of activities efficiently is another advantage of mine. （动名词organizing作主语）
高三英语
说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。
一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节(共10题：每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并填写答题卡上.
A
If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?
What is a Hoverboard?
A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. It’s electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard.
How Does a Hoverboard Work?
The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isn’t complicated. Basically, a standard hoverboard contains:
•Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery.
•Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt (倾斜) the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction.
•Motor (one in each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright.
•Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes data—your speed, tilt, etc.—and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.
All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed.
Why Buy a Hoverboard?
Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. You’ve probably seen kids riding one around the house. They’re a phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend?
Where is a hoverboard legal?
Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areas—including your yard—are free of these restrictions.
1. The logic board of a hoverboard can ______.
A. store electricity B. power the wheels
C. send information to the riders D. receive data and give command
2. According to the passage, you can see a hoverboard ______.
A. on campus B. in parks
C. on bike paths D. in shopping malls
3. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To evaluate a gift’s quality.
B. To suggest a gift option.
C. To compare new hoverboard models.
D. To explain functions of the latest hoverboards.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一则推荐类的广告。文章主要介绍了悬滑板（平衡车）的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由•Logic board 部分中的“It processes data — your speed, tilt, etc.— and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.”可知，它处理数据——你的速度、倾斜度等——并将信息发送给电动机。这个装置控制着滑板的力量，所以骑手们可以调整他们的速度。由此我们可以判断logic board可以接收数据，并发出指令。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations.”可知，目前，一些地方禁止16岁以下的人使用这些设备，学术机构和公共场所也禁止使用悬滑板（平衡车），比如校园建筑、公园、购物中心和地铁站。选项A校园，B公园，D购物中心都被排除。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?”可知，如果你想给你的孩子买礼物，为什么不紧跟潮流，买最好的悬滑板（平衡车）呢？由此可知，这篇文章是帮大家推荐一款给孩子的礼物。故选B。
B
Name-calling, teasing, pushing and fighting-whether you have gone through it or not, it is quite definite that these are the things that turn up in your mind when you hear the word "bullying". However, many of us know little about the serious, lasting harms bullying could cause.
If you've watched 13 Reasons Why, you'll understand the impacts that bullying can have. The second season of the popular US teenage drama was released on May 18. It tells the story of Hannah Baker, a high school student who takes her own life after she's picked on by fellow students, while others stand by and do nothing to help her.
One of the important messages audiences could get from the show is to treat people with kindness and respect. "It teaches us that every single thing we say and do has an impact on others "news platform Odyssey concluded.
Some may think 13 Reasons Why exaggerates（夸大）the seriousness of school bullying, but according to the US National Center for Educational Statistics, more than 20 percent of US students were bullied in 2016, and only 36% of this group reported it.
NBA player Gerald Green opened up about being called "alien hands" during his teenage years due to his big hands. "Being bullied was embarrassing, " he said. "I still remember shying away from crowds and walking around with my hands in my pockets to evade the attention from my peers. "To get away with the teasing, he found his motivation by playing basketball and making a career out of it. But not everyone is so lucky to discover a release.
According to statistics released by the US government, if someone prevents a bully, there's a 57% chance that the bullying will stop within 10 seconds. So if you ever witness bullying, consider stepping up and supporting the victim. As US actor Brandon Flynn, who stars in 13 Reasons Why, said, "Just because you're not the one getting bullied, it doesn't mean it's not your problem. "
4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph？
A. To add more statistics.
B. To call on eyewitnesses to take action.
C. To introduce a new topic of the discussion.
D. To give people advice about dealing with bullying.
5. What does the US National Center for Educational Statistics indicate？
A. Bullying isn't a serious problem in many schools.
B. School bullying can't cause too much pain.
C. Only a few people are concerned about bullying.
D. Many people who're bullied choose not to seek help.
6. What does the underlined word in Para. 5 mean？
A. Attract. B. Focus. C. Avoid. D. Keep.
7. What does the text tell us about 13 Reasons Why？
A. It overstates school bullying.
B. It was first shown on May 18.
C. It is mainly about school bullying.
D. It shows few people can report bullying.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了《十三个原因》是一部以校园欺凌为题材的电视剧，从而揭示了校园欺凌是在美国校园普遍存在的现象。校园欺凌的受害者承受着巨大的痛苦，呼吁人人都采取行动制止校园欺凌。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to statistics released by the US government, if someone prevents a bully, there's a 57% chance that the bullying will stop within 10 seconds. So if you ever witness bullying, consider stepping up and supporting the victim.”可知，根据美国政府公布的统计数据，如果有人阻止欺凌，有57%的几率在10秒内就阻止欺凌。所以，如果你亲眼目睹了欺凌行为，那就考虑支持受害者。由此判断出，最后一段的目的是呼吁目击者采取行动。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“but according to the US National Center for Educational Statistics, more than 20 percent of US students were bullied in 2016, and only 36% of this group reported it.”可知，但据美国国家教育统计中心统计，2016年有超过20%的美国学生受到欺凌，而这一群体中只有36%的人报案。由此可知，美国国家教育统计中心指出许多受欺负的人选择不寻求帮助。故选D项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线前的句子“Being bullied was embarrassing, " he said. "I still remember shying away from crowds”可知，被欺负是很尴尬的，我还记得我故意避开人群。由此可知，Gerald Green双手插在兜里是为了躲避同龄人的注意。故划线词的意思是“避开”。故选C项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“If you've watched 13 Reasons Why, you'll understand the impacts that bullying can have.”可知，如果你已经看了《十三个原因》，你会理解欺凌可能带来的影响。由此可知，《十三个原因》主要是关于校园欺凌。故选C项。
C
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still costly, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to-- regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
A new type of technology is not a necessity that people aren’t already familiar with in the case. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
8. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
9. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
10. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment﹣friendly. B. It’ll be available to customers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
11. Where is this text most likely from?
A. diary.
B. guidebook.
C. novel.
D. magazine
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了研究员正在研究开发一种智能键盘的目的与可行性，该智能键盘能降低电子空间保护的成本。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still costly, though.(随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，生物识别技术（如指纹扫描）的市场正在增长，以防止其他人进入私人电子空间。不过，目前，这些技术的成本仍然很高)”以及第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.(乔治亚理工大学的研究人员说，他们发明了一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：一个智能键盘。)”可知，由于数据和身份失窃越来越普遍，市场的发展正需求生物测量技术，为了不让别人进入私人的电子空间。但是，目前这些技术仍然很昂贵，因此，研究员们发明了低成本的智能键盘来保护私人电子空间。因此，研究人员要开发智能键盘的目的是D项“To cut the cost of e-space protection(降低电子空间保护的成本)”符合题意。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三 “The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.(这种键盘通过分析用户键入的力度和按键之间的时间，可以提供一个强大的安全层次)”以及第四句“Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to— regardless of whether someone gets the password right.(因此，键盘可以确定人们的身份，进而决定是否应该允许他们访问它所连接的计算机——不管某人是否正确地输入了密码)”可知，智能键盘是通过识别用户键入的力度和按键之间的时间来识别用户的身份是否是合法用户，以此来保护用户的个人信息的，打字模式因人而异使得智能键盘能利用这个特点，识别出合法用户，以保护个人信息。因此，使智能键盘的发明成为可能的是C项“Typing patterns vary from person to person.(打字模式因人而异)” 符合题意。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the nearfuture.(该团队希望能在不久的将来推向市场。)”可知，这个研究团队希望这种智能键盘在不久的将来走向市场，言外之意，这些团队希望这种智能键盘不久将能够到达消费者手中。因此，研究人员对智能键盘的期待是B项“It’ll be available to customers soon.(顾客很快就可以买到它)”符合题意。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，依靠生物识别技术来保护私人电子空间成本很高。研究员正在研究开发一种智能键盘以降低电子空间保护的成本。结合关于杂志的常识，再根据文章所讲述的内容推断，本文很可能节选自一本科技类杂志（magazine）。故选D项。
D
Cursive（手写体）is about to become extinct. Do we raise the red flag？To teach or not to teach cursive is the question that several state education departments are struggling with.
Before you read the following, do a simple exercise. Pick a pen and paper and start writing in cursive. Yes, that fancy handwriting that you learned in grade school. You may not have forgotten the good times you had while writing loopy Ps and Gs as well as curly Ms and Ns. However, the chances are that you won't be able to write it as excellently as you used to. Some people are good at making the perfect loops and curls, while some are bad. I am still terrible at it.
Cursive is hardly used by kids anymore as even adults don't write in this style, unless they are using it for their signature. Learning this handwriting was a usual practice in school for several decades. However, in 201l, the Indiana Department of Education made it optional for schools to teach cursive writing to the students. In fact, there were 46 more states who have done the same.
There are some who believe that it is high time for cursive to retire from school curriculum. After all, if we don't leave the past behind, we cannot make way for new things. If you walk into any classroom, you would find children using keyboards to communicate in written form. On the other hand, fans of this cursive insist on its usefulness. They remind us if we stop teaching and learning cursive in schools, very soon most of our historical documents will become hard to us.
Where do we stand on this subject？Is it the right time to erase an almost forgotten handwriting and live in the keyboarding world？Or can we do both without compromising on our school curriculum？Let me know your preference on this matter by leaving a comment in the section below.
12. People use cursive when they _________.
A. give their signature B. are in Indiana
C. grow up as adults D. are at school
13. In Indiana school，children_________.
A. must learn cursive B. are interested in cursive
C. can choose to learn cursive D. learn cursive every day
14. It can be inferred that the author ___________.
A. prefers to learn cursive
B. is a cursive teacher
C. is open to different views on cursive
D. is a very famous expert in education
15. What would be the best title for the passage？
A. Cursive Writing: Necessary or not？ B. Is Keyboarding World Good？
C. A Keyboarding World D. Advantages of Cursive
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了手写体在日常生活中的必要性。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Cursive is hardly used by kids anymore as even adults don 't write in this style，unless they are using it for their signature”可知，孩子们和成年人不常使用这种书写风格，除非是当他们签名时。因此，A 为正确项，签名时用手写体。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句的“However，in 2011, the Indiana Department of Education made it optional for schools to teach cursive writing to the students.（然而，在2011年，印第安纳州教育部规定，学校可选择向学生教授手写体。）”可知，印第安纳州的学生可以选择学或者不学手写体。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。 根据文章最后一句“Let me know your thoughts on this matter by leaving a comment in the section below.（请在下面的部分留言，让我知道你对这个问题的想法。）”可知，作者欢迎人们就手写体这个问题提出自己的观点。故选C。
15题详解】
主旨大意题。 阅读文章，并结合第一段“Cursive（手写体）is about to become extinct. Do we raise the red flag？To teach or not to teach cursive is the question that several state education departments are struggling with.（手写体即将绝迹。我们要竖起红旗吗?教还是不教手写体是几个州的教育部门都在努力解决的问题。）”结合全文内容，可知文章通过手写体即将消失这一话题展开，论述手写体存在的必要性。因此，结合选项可知，选项A"手写体必要吗？"为最佳标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One major reason Americans don’t get enough exercise is that they feel they don’t have enough time. It can be difficult to squeeze in the 75 minutes of aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week that federal guidelines recommend.____16____.
In a new analysis of 14 studies, researchers tracked deaths among more than 232,000 people from the U.S., Denmark, the U.K. and China over at least five years, and compared the findings with people’s self-reports about how much they ran. People who said they ran any amount were less likely to die than those who didn’t run at all.____17____ This was true even for those who didn’t log a great deal of time. The analysis divided people into groups, with 50 minutes or less per week representing the group that ran the least―but still ran. ‘‘Regardless of how much you run, you can expect such benefits,” says Zeljko Pedisic, one of the authors of the new analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The analysis is the latest to illustrate the benefits of running on the human body. It’s what we evolved (进化) to do. ____18____ But as leisure-time exercise, running keeps us healthy. “One of the best ways to avoid having to see a doctor,” Zeljko says, “is to stay physically active.”
____19____ Running is good at guarding against cancer partly because it uses up blood sugar, starving the cancer cells that rely on it for fuel. And it protects you in other ways not necessarily measured in the latest research: by decreasing inflammation (炎症), for example, which is at the root of many diseases, and stimulating the production of a protein that improves brain health.
____20____ Neither were how often people ran and the pace they kept. As long as you’re running, more isn’t always better, especially given that the risk of injury increases with repetition.
A. People may no longer hunt wild animals for their next meal.
B. The physical demands of running affect our body in a beneficial way.
C. Some people run to prevent disease, and others run because it makes them feel better.
D. Runners were 27% less likely to die for any reason, compared with nonrunners.
E. But researchers point out, to infer something like that, they need the whole population measured.
F. But new research suggests people may be able to get life-lengthening benefits by running for far less time.
G. The good news is that running more than 50 minutes per week wasn’t linked to additional protections against dying.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. G
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了跑步对健康的好处：减小死亡率，预防癌症，减少炎症，刺激蛋白质的生产，改善大脑健康。跑步的频率和速度不重要，只要在跑步就行。
【16题详解】
上文提到美国人抽不出时间进行锻炼的现象，下文介绍跑步对健康的好处。F项：但新的研究表明，人们可以通过更短的跑步时间获得延长寿命的好处。与上文形成转折，引出下文的主要内容。故选F。
【17题详解】
上文提到，研究表明：那些经常跑步的人比那些根本不跑步的人死亡的可能性更小。D项：跑步者因任何原因死亡的可能性比不跑步的人低27%，是对上文研究结果的进一步说明。故选D。
【18题详解】
上句提到：最新的分析表明了跑步对人体的好处，就是我们的进化。下文应该具体介绍人类进化对运动的影响。A项：人们可能不再捕猎野生动物作为他们的下一餐，说明了人类生存方式的变化，引出了下文人们把跑步作为休闲锻炼方式。故选A。
【19题详解】
下文提到跑步能很好地预防癌症，减少炎症，刺激蛋白质的生产，改善大脑健康。这些都是跑步对身体的好处，B项：跑步的身体需求对我们的身体有好处。概括了本段内容，故选B。
【20题详解】
下文提到人们跑步的频率和速度不重要，只要在跑步就行，跑步越多并不总是越好。G项：好消息是，每周跑步超过50分钟并没有额外的预防死亡的作用，说明了跑步的时间和作用关系并不大的道理。故选G。
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并填写在答题卡上。
I enjoy feeding a colorful group of birds in my garden. On the ground, I put out black—oiled sunflower seeds, broken peanuts, and___21___grapes and apples. Some birds respond for their daily___22___when I call out the names I’ve given them.
About three years ago, I noticed a newcomer to this festive___23___. It was a baby chipmunk(金花鼠), apparently on its own. Over that summer, I watched it ___24___. The next summer, the chipmunk was___25___, and l wondered whether it would___26___me to feed it by hand. I named it Chip.
I decided to adopt the___27___I use to persuade wild cats to come close for food:patience, a soft voice, slow gestures and___28___.
Before Chip would___29___, I’d put down its favorite_____30_____, sunflower seeds, bent down and keep very_____31_____. I’d leave my_____32_____hand in place, unmoving, so the animal would know l wouldn’t_____33_____it. I continued doing this for a few weeks.
Finally, late in that second summer, Chip did_____34_____more trust. One day as I_____35_____a seed in my fingertips, it approached and carefully took the seed into its mouth.
After about two months of this_____36_____, I went further. With my finger, I touched its back_____37_____once. Chip stayed _____38_____, eating seeds, before rushing into the bushes. Today, the chipmunk comes out of hiding when I call its name, and lets me pet its soft, silky body.
I’ve developed a greater respect for nature and its_____39_____and the opportunity to_____40_____, protect and save wildlife.
21. A. deserted B. stolen C. cut D. exported
22. A. meeting B. breaking C. fighting D. feeding
23. A. occasion B. change C. advance D. progress
24. A. compromise B. grow C. disappear D. recover
25. A. over B. off C. behind D. back
26. A. trust B. encourage C. defend D. invite
27. A. adaptation B. methods C. distinction D. advantages
28. A. responsibility B. introduction C. repetition D. judgement
29. A. approach B. run C. fly D. awake
30. A. cage B. name C. music D. food
31. A. serious B. still C. polite D. awake
32. A. bare B. dirty C. white D. open
33. A. grab B. left C. exchange D. search
34. A. receive B. show C. earn D. understand
35. A. gathered B. sprayed C. offered D. hid
36. A. record B. exhibition C. respect D. routine
37. A. gently B. hopefully C. powerfully D. guiltily
38. A. nervous B. trapped C. calm D. thirsty
39. A. plants B. art C. creatures D. adventure
40. A. visit B. observe C. represent D. select
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己喂养金花鼠并一步步取得它的信任，从而有机会近距离观察它的故事。通过这件事，作者对自然和动物产生了更大的尊重。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：在地上，我拿出黑油的葵花籽、碎花生、切碎的葡萄和苹果。A.deserted废弃的；B.stolen偷来的；C.cut切碎的；D.exported出口的。根据上文“I enjoy feeding a colorful group of birds in my garden. On the ground, I put out black—oiled sunflower seeds, broken peanuts”可知，作者喜欢在花园里喂鸟，鸟吃的食物都很小，所以作者给鸟吃的是葵花籽、碎花生、切碎的（cut）葡萄。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：当我叫出我给它们起的名字时，有些鸟会对它们的日常喂养做出反应。A.meeting会议；B.breaking打破；C.fighting战斗；D.feeding喂养。根据上文“I enjoy feeding a colorful group of birds in my garden”可知，作者喜欢在花园里喂鸟，有些鸟会对作者的日常喂养（feeding）做出反应。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约三年前，我注意到一个新来者来到这个欢乐的场合。A.occasion场合；B.change变化；C.advance推进；D.progress进展。上文提到作者爱好在花园里喂鸟，结合下文可知，一只金花鼠也加入了被作者喂食的场合（occasion）。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那年夏天，我看着它长大。A.compromise妥协；B.grow成长；C.disappear消失；D.recover恢复。根据上文“It was a baby chipmunk, apparently on its own. Over that summer”可知，这是一只小金花鼠，作者整个夏天喂养它，亲眼看着它长大（grow）。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词词义辨析。句意：第二年夏天，金花鼠又回来了，我想知道它是否会相信我亲手喂它。A.over在；B.off离开；C.behind后面；D.back返回，回来。根据下文“and l wondered whether it would___6___me to feed it by hand”可知，作者想用手亲自喂金花鼠，因此，金花鼠回来（back）了。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二年夏天，金花鼠又回来了，我想知道它是否会信任我亲手喂它。A.trust信任，相信；B.encourage鼓励；C.defend保卫；D.invite邀请。根据下文“Finally, late in that second summer, Chip did___14___more trust.”可知，最终金花鼠表现了对作者的信任，因此，该句中指的是，作者想知道金花鼠是否信任（trust）自己亲手喂养它。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定采用我用来驯服野猫靠近觅食的方法：耐心、柔和的声音、缓慢的手势和重复。A.adaptation适应；B.methods方法；C.distinction区别；D.advantages的优势。根据下文“I use to persuade wild cats to come close for food：patience, a soft voice, slow gestures and___8___. ”可知，作者想用驯服野猫的方法（methods）来取得金花鼠的信任。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定采用我用来驯服野猫靠近觅食的方法：耐心、柔和的声音、缓慢的手势和重复。A.responsibility责任；B.introduction介绍；C.repetition重复；D. judgement判断。根据下一段“I continued doing this for a few weeks.”可知，作者保持这种训练重复了几个星期，因此，作者驯服野猫的方法是耐心、柔和的声音、缓慢的手势和重复（repetition）。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在奇普走近之前，我会放下它最喜欢的食物，葵花籽，弯下腰，一动不动。A.approach靠近；B.run跑，运行；C.fly飞；D.awake醒来。根据下文“I’d put down its favorite___10___, sunflower seeds, bent down and keep very___11___.”可知，金花鼠又回来觅食，当它靠近（approach）时，作者把金花鼠最喜爱的食物放下给它吃。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在奇普走近之前，我会放下它最喜欢的食物，葵花籽，弯下腰，一动不动。A.cage笼子；B.name名字；C.music音乐；D.food食物。根据该句中的“sunflower seeds”可知，作者放下的是金花鼠最喜欢的食物（food）。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在奇普走近之前，我会放下它最喜欢的食物，葵花籽，弯下腰，一动不动。A.serious严重的；B.still静止的；C.polite礼貌；D.awake清醒。根据下文“I’d leave my___12___hand in place, unmoving, so the animal would know l wouldn’t___13___it.”可知，作者放下食物后保持静止不动（still），以免惊吓到金花鼠。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会把张开的手放在原地，一动不动，这样动物就会知道我不会去抓住它。A.bare裸的；B.dirty脏的；C.white白色的；D.open张开的。根据下文“so the animal would know l wouldn’t___13___it.”可知，作者的手张开着（open）不动，这样金花鼠就会知道作者不会去抓它。故选D项。
33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会把张开的手放在原地，一动不动，这样动物就会知道我不会抓住它。A.grab抓住；B.left离开；C.exchange交换；D.search搜索。根据该句中的“I’d leave my___12___hand in place, unmoving”可知，作者把手张开，在原地不动，怕自己的动作会惊吓到金花鼠而让它误会自己想抓住（grab）它。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，在第二个夏末，奇普确实表现出了更多的信任。A. receive 收到；B. show表现；C. earn 赚；D. understand 理解。根据下文“One day as I___15___a seed in my fingertips, it approached and carefully took the seed into its mouth. ”可知，金花鼠小心翼翼的接近作者放在手上的食物，它对作者表现（show）出了更多的信任。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，当我主动提供了一粒种子并放在指尖上时，它走近我，小心翼翼地把它叼进嘴里。A.gathered聚集；B.sprayed喷洒；C.offered主动提供；D.hid藏。根据上文语境可知，作者想取得金花鼠的信任，希望能亲自用手给它喂食，因此，作者主动提供（offered）种子并放在指尖上，引诱金花鼠来吃。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过两个月的例行训练，我更近了一步。A.record记录；B.exhibition展览；C.respect尊重；D.routine例行，常规。根据第四段I continued doing this for a few weeks.”以及本段句中的“After about two months”可知，作者对金花鼠进行了长久的例行（routine）训练。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我用手指温柔地摸了一下它的背。A.gently温柔地；B.hopefullyb希望；C.powerfully有力；D.guiltily内疚地。根据语境可知，作者担心自己的动作会惊吓到金花鼠，因此，作者温柔地（gently）抚摸金花鼠的背。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奇普保持冷静地吃着种子，然后冲进灌木丛。A.nervous紧张的；B.trapped受困的；C.calm冷静的；D.thirsty渴望的。根据下文“eating seeds, before rushing into the bushes.”可知，金花鼠信任作者，因此，它保持平静的（calm）吃种子。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对自然和它的动物产生了更大的尊重，并有机会观察、保护和拯救野生动物。A.plants植物；B.art艺术；C.creatures动物；D.adventure冒险。通读全文可知，作者主要讲述了自己喂养金花鼠，并一步步取得它的信任，从而接近它的故事。金花鼠属于动物（creatures）。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词辨析。句意：我对自然和它的动物产生了更大的尊重，并有机会观察、保护和拯救野生动物。A.visit访问；B.observe观察；C.represent代表；D.select选择。通读全文可知，作者主要讲述了自己喂养金花鼠，并一步步取得它的信任，从而有机会近距离观察（observe）它的故事。故选B项。
三.（每空1.5分，共15分）
语法填空
In December 2019, there was a cluster of pneumonia ___41___ (case) in China. Investigations found that it was caused by a ___42___ (previous) unknown virus–now named the 2019 Novel Coronavirus. It _____43_____ (identify) first in China, ___44___ occurred in a group of people with pneumonia who’d been associated ____45____a seafood and live animal market in the city of Wuhan. The disease spread from those who were sick to others, ____46____ (include) family members and health care staff. ____47____ (fight) against the epidemic, the Chinese people united even stronger than ever before, and they made ___48___. China also helped other countries in the same situation, ___49___ (make) its positive image all over the world _____50_____(strengthen).
【答案】41. cases
42. previously
43. was identified
44. which 45. with
46. including
47. To fight
48. it 49. making
50. strengthened
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2019年12月，中国出现了肺炎聚集病例。调查发现，这种病毒是由一种以前未知的病毒引起的——现在被命名为2019新型冠状病毒。介绍了病毒的起源和中国人民抗击疫情所采取的行动。
【41题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：2019年12月，中国出现了肺炎病例群。case为可数名词，由a cluster of修饰应用复数形式。故填cases。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：调查发现，这种病毒是由一种以前未知的病毒引起的——现在被命名为2019新型冠状病毒。修饰后文形容词unknown，应用副词previously，作状语。故填previously。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：该病毒在中国首次被发现，发生在一群与武汉一个海鲜和活动物市场有关的肺炎患者中。此处描述过去发生的事情，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为It，谓语动词用单数。故填was identified。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该病毒在中国首次被发现，发生在一群与武汉一个海鲜和活动物市场有关的肺炎患者中。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词it，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：该病毒在中国首次被发现，发生在一群与武汉一个海鲜和活动物市场有关的肺炎患者中。结合句意表示“与……有关”可知短语为be associated with。故填with。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：这种疾病从患者传播到其他人，包括家庭成员和医疗工作人员。结合句意表示“包括……在内”，后跟family members and health care staff作宾语，应用介词including。故填including。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了抗击疫情，中国人民比以往任何时候都更加团结，并且成功战胜了疫情。分析句子结构可知fight在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填To fight。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：为了抗击疫情，中国人民比以往任何时候都更加团结，并且成功战胜了疫情。结合句意表示“成功，达到预定目标”短语为make it。故填it。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国还帮助了其他处于同样处境的国家，使其在世界各地的积极形象得到加强。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国还帮助了其他处于同样处境的国家，使其在世界各地的积极形象得到加强。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，image与strengthen构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。故填strengthened。
四. 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 文中共有10处语言错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It was Monday yesterday. My friend Li Hua went to school with his homework unfinishing. He played online games all through the weekend. It was too late when he founded he had homework to do. To avoid punished, he told his teacher that a dog eats his homework. Obviously, it was just an excuse he made to cover the fact which he hadn’t done his homework. The teacher certainly knew about that and made them stay after school. Sometimes we think we can avoid trouble by making excuse when we do something wrongly. Therefore, we are really making problems worse instead of.
【答案】1.unfinishing→unfinished
2.founded→found
3.avoid后添加being
4.eats→ate
5.which→that
6.them→him
7.excuse→excuses
8.wrongly→wrong
9.Therefore→However
10.去掉of
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者由李华为了掩盖没做作业事实而向老师撒谎的事情，领悟到找借口来避免麻烦反而会使事情变得更糟。
【详解】1.考查with的复合结构。句意：我的朋友李华没有完成作业就去上学了。此处为with的复合结构，homework与finish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表示被动。故unfinishing改为unfinished。
2.考查时态。句意：当他发现有作业要做时已经太晚了。结合句意表示“发现”动词为find，此处表示过去，因此用find的过去式found，founded是found“建立”的过去式，故founded改为found。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免被惩罚，他告诉老师他的作业被狗吃掉了。avoid后接动名词作宾语，且he与punish之间是被动关系，应用being done形式。故avoid后添加being。
4.考查时态。句意：为了避免被惩罚，他告诉老师他的作业被狗吃掉了。结合上文可知事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时。故eats改为ate。
5.考查同位语从句。句意：显然，这只是他为了掩盖没做作业的事实而找的借口。此处为同位语从句，解释fact的内容，在从句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，用仅起连接作用的that。故which改为that。
6.考查代词。句意：老师当然知道是怎么回事，让他放学后留下来。此处指 Li Hua，作动词made的宾语，应用代词him。故them改为him。
7.考查名词。句意：当我们做错事的时候，我们认为我们可以通过找借口来避免麻烦。excuse为可数名词，此处表示各种理由，因此要用复数形式。故excuse改为excuses。
8.考查形容词。句意：当我们做错事的时候，我们认为我们可以通过找借口来避免麻烦。修饰不定代词something要用形容词wrong，作后置定语。故wrongly改为wrong。
9.考查副词。句意：然而，我们反而使事情变得更糟。结合前后文语境可知，此处表示转折关系，由逗号隔开，且修饰整个句子，应用副词however。故Therefore改为However。
10.考查instead的用法。句意：然而，我们反而使事情变得更糟。instead放在句尾，用副词作状语，不能加of，instead of后面要加成分。故去掉of。
五.书面表达（25分）
52. 假如你是李华，打算竞选学校英语俱乐部主席，请写一篇竞选演讲稿。内容包括：
1. 个人优势
2. 中选后的设想
参考词汇：竞选run for
注意：1. 字数100字左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3. 演讲稿的开头已为你写好，不计入总字数。
Good afternoon, my dear friends,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Good afternoon, my dear friends,
My name is Li Hua. It’s a great honor for me to have a chance to run for the president of the English club in our school.
I can always get along harmoniously with others because I’m outgoing. Organizing various kinds of activities efficiently is another advantage of mine. If I can be elected, I’ll spare no effort to serve my fellow students. To improve our English and make students interested in it, I intend to organize some meaningful activities, including lectures, English parties, as well as English competitions.
I sincerely hope you will vote for me and please believe that I will be a qualified president.
Thank you.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，李华打算竞选学校英语俱乐部主席，请你帮他写一篇英语竞选演讲稿。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：内容包括：1. 个人优势；2. 中选后的设想
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
have a chance to do; run for；get along harmoniously with；various kinds of； spare no effort to；as well as
第三步：连词成句
1.My name is Li Hua.
2.It’s a great honor for me to have a chance to run for the president of the English club in our school.
3.I can always get along harmoniously with others because I’m outgoing.
4.Organizing various kinds of activities efficiently is another advantage of mine.
5.If I can be elected, I’ll spare no effort to serve my fellow students.
6.To improve our English and make students interested in it, I intend to organize some meaningful activities, including lectures, English parties, as well as English competitions.
7.I sincerely hope you will vote for me and please believe that I will be a qualified president.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s a great honor for me to have a chance to run for the president of the English club in our school.(it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式)
[高分句型2] I can always get along harmoniously with others because I’m outgoing.（because引导原因状语从句）
[高分句型3]Organizing various kinds of activities efficiently is another advantage of mine. （动名词organizing作主语）
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