2020-2021牛津深圳版八年级上期末备考-阅读理解篇（（来自深圳2018-2019期末真题 带答案）

2020-2021牛津深圳版八年级上期末备考-阅读理解篇
（带答案）

（1）来自广东省深圳市宝安区2018-2019学年八年级上学期期末调研测试英语试题
阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D、E四个选项中选择最佳选项。（共20小题，每小题1.5分）
A
Last week, students at Northridge High school held a Chinese week. During the Chinese week, many people enjoyed the Chinese food fair. They could eat traditional Chinese snacks. and learn to make different kinds of Chinese dishes. "It was wonderful ! I love Chinese food. and welcome the chance to learn Chinese Cooking !" One student said.
There were talks on Chinese Culture and history, along with a talk on traditional Chinese medicine.
James Manson and Alice Simpson talked about their experiences in China. Mr Manson has been working in Shanghai for three years, and Ms Simpson was a teacher in chengdu for two years. There were several traditional Chinese music shows and one modern Chinese music show. Along with this. there was a show of Chinese traditional dance. Many students were also excited in the Chinese film Festivals in the evenings.
In the mornings there were lessons on speaking and writing Chinese, and every afternoon, there were kungfu and T’ai Chi classes. However, to most students , the best part of the Chinese week was a Chinese culture and history show.It had Chinese inventions, such as kites, fireworks, Chinese paintings and traditional Chinese clothes.
"The Chinese week was a big success ! We hope to have another Chinese Week next year !" said Chinese week manager, David Williams.

（1）Where could students enjoy traditional Chinese snacks during the Chinese Week ?
A. The Chinese Food Fair B. The Chinese Culture Talks
C. Traditional Chinese Music Show D.The Chinese Film Festival
（2）If you wanted to know about Student's school life in Sichuan. Whose talk would you probably go to ?
A. James Manson's B. Alice Simpson's
C. David Williams' D. We don't know
（3）What could do in the afternoon in the Chinese week according to Paragraph 3 ?
A. Learn to speak Chinese B. Learn to write Chinese
C. Attend a Kung fu class D. Buy some Chinese clothes
（4）Where could you most probably read this passage ？　 　
A. In a story book B. In a travel guide
C. In a fashion magazines D. In a school newspaper
B
The years from A.D 500 to 1450 are called the Middle ages. Sometimes they are also called the Dark Ages since few people had an education during that time. Still, there were lots of new ideas and inventions. Many of them came from China.
Paper Money
In 1023, the first government﹣printed （政府印制的） paper money was printed in China. Before that paper money had been printed just by companies. Marco polo was an Italian explorer who went to China. He wrote about paper Money. Paper money did not become popular in Europe Until Sweden began printing it in 1601.
Movable type printing machine
Bi Sheng Made the first movable type printing machine in China in the 1000s. Before this， people had to make copies of books by writing out the whole book by hand.
Magnetic（磁的）compass
A compass is usually used to tell you what direction you are going. The Magnetic compass was first used by the Chinese around A.D 200. But at that time， people mainly used it for telling what would happen to them in the future. They began using it for sailing around the year 1000.
（5）Why are the Middle ages called the dark Ages according to paragraph 1？
A. Because few people had an education then.
B. Because there were a lot of new inventions
C. Because all the inventions came from China
D. Because there were almost not any new inventions
（6）Where did the first government﹣printed paper money appear according to the passage ？
A.In China B.In Italy C. In Sweden D. we don't know
（7）According to the passage, who invented the first movable type printing machine in China？
A. Marco Polo B. A person from Sweden
C. Bi Sheng D. An Italian explorer
（8）When did people begin to use compass for sailing according to the passage？
A. Around A.D 200 B. In the 1000s
C. Around the year 1000 D. 1000 years ago

C
It seams very natural that if you have two dollars and add two dollars to them. you have four dollars. But do you know it took men millions of years to be able to think this way？ in Fact. one of the most difficult things to teach children is the idea of numbers.
In ancient times.when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system（系统） of numbers to use. He put a stone into a bag for each animal. The more animals, the more stones he had. It may explain why the word "calculate" comes from the Latin word "calculus". "Calculus" means "stone."
Then, man used lines to count. People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count, but they had no word to tell the number.
Later on, people used fingers. Again we have word that goes back to this. The word "digit" comes from the Latin word "digitus". It means "finger"! And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers.
The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago and was brought to Europe during 8th to 11th by Arab traders（商人）. In this system, people count things with ten numbers. 1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.and 0. It is decimal system（十进制), that is, it is built on the base of 10.
（9）How many ways of counting things are introduced to us in the passage？　 　
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
（10）If A and B each drew four lines to count their own sheep, how many sheep did they have together？　 　
A Four B. Six C. Eight D. Ten
（11）Why do people use 10 in the system of numbers？　 　
A. Because 10 is a popular number
B. Because we only have 10 fingers
C. Because we have no word to tell the number.
D. Because we have no system of numbers to use
（12）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？　 　
A. Numbers and trading B. Ways of counting In Modern Times
C. Animals and calculating D. Development of counting System
D
Almost half of Chinese parents play with their mobile phones while talking with their children. According to a new study.
The study of 4170 primary and middle school students in six cities has been done by China Youth and Children Research Centre.
It finds that 8percent of parents often play with their mobile phones when talking with their children and 40 percent sometimes answer their phone calls when communicating with them. More than 40 percent of Children say their parents do not pay enough attention to them while they are talking. according to the study.
The top five topics in parent﹣student communication are study, what happened in school, interests and hobbies, friends, and the child's future.
Sun Hongyan, from the China Youth and Children Research Center, says communication between parents and children has changed a lot. Now, the use of IPads or mobile phones has become the main reason for parent﹣child fights.
Children often get on the internet to talk to others when they do not have enough communication with their parents, Sun says. She advises that parents should talk to children in sincere manner, listen to them., respect them and keep eye contact while talking.
（13）How many children in the study say their parents do not pay enough attention to them while they are talking？
A. About 334 B. Over 1668 C. About 2085 D. 4170
（14）Which of the following is NOT one of the top five topics in parent﹣student communication？
A. Sports B. Friends C. Study D. Interests and hobbies
（15）Why do parents and children usually fight according the passage？
A. Because children want to stay up late at nights
B. Because parents don't allow children to smoke
C. Because of not enough contact between them
D. Because of the use of ipads or mobile phones
（16）Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage？
A. The study includes primary and middle school students from 6 cities.
B. The study shows 40% of children use phones when talking with their parents
C. Sun Hongyan gave three pieces of advice to teachers in these middle schools
D. Sun Hongyan thought respecting and listening to children is not important


E
More than 1 billion people around the world are homeless. Two companies have come up with a new way to help. They are using special 3-D printers（打印机）. The big machines print out new homes.
A printer usually prints things onto sheets of paper. A 3-D printer works differently. It read a design. Then it makes a 3-D model of that picture. It makes the model from the bottom up. It prints one floor at a time.
The new 3-D printer is called Vulcan. The Vulcan can build homes in less than one day. The houses are big enough for three or four people. The first 3-D printed house has already been built. It was shown in Austin, Texas, USA. The house has large windows. The rooms are small but making you feel at ease.
The new house was built by two companies. One is New Story. The other is ICON. Evan Loomis, head of ICON said.“the house in Austin is just the first step. Later this year. we want to build about 10 homes in EL Salvador.”Next year., they plan to build a whole village. It will have 100 homes.
However, not everyone likes the idea of 3-D printed houses. Someone worries that a heavy wind could blow out windows or doors. ICON and New Story say they will work hard to make their homes safe. They also plan to share the printers with other companies. Together, they will do what they can to end homelessness.
（17）Why do the two companies print out new homes according to this passage ？
A. Because they want to help homeless people B.Because they want to make more money
C. Because printed homes are modern and beautiful D. Because printed homes can make them famous
（18）What happens FIRST when 3-D printer is going to print something？
A. it prints things onto paper B. It reads a design
C. It prints a home in a second D. It makes a model
（19）What does the underlined ‘at ease' mean in the 3rd paragraph？
A. Unhappy B. Terrible C. Comfortable D. Confident
（20）What can we learn from the last two paragraphs？
A. There are about 100 3-D printed houses now in EL Salvador.
B. ICON and New Story hope to make more 3-D printed houses
C. EL Salvador was the first place to build the 3-D printed houses.
D. ICON and New Story will not share printers with other companies.
【参考答案】：ABCD AACC DCBD BADA ABCB
(2) 来自广东省深圳市龙岗区2018-2019学年八年级上学期期末调研测试英语
试题
阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D、E四个选项中选择最佳选项。（共20小题，每小题1.5分）
A
China's first artificial intelligence （AI人工智能）textbook series（系列） designed for primary and secondary school students is expected to be introduced into hundreds of campuses across the country in 2019. The textbooks will be used for elective courses or as part of school-based curriculums．
Significant progress is being reported in China in AI technological research and development, with authorities now moving to promote AI-related education．
According to the publisher， East China Normal University Press， the series will have 10 volumes， with six volumes published so far． Each has its own theme， with 12 to 14 main chapters and 2 to 4 chapters of activities． This series covers the educational demands of students from primary school to high school on AI and provides a systematic framework of AI knowledge．
The books have been used in three schools in Shanghai as a pilot program and well received by students， according to Wang Jiqing， chief editor of the series．
（1）China's first AI textbook series will be introduced into　 　campuses．
A．thousands of
B． hundreds of
C． millions of
D． hundreds and thousands of
（2）The publisher has published　 　of the series so far．
A． 4 volumns
B． 6 volumns
C． 10 volumns
D． 12 volumns
（3）From the last paragraph， we can know that　 　．
A．three schools in Beijing have used the AI textbooks
B．the students like the AI textbooks very much
C． the series provides a systematic framework of AI knowledge
D． the series will be introduced into campuses in 2019
（4）The best title for the passage is　 　．
A．China's First AI Textbooks
B． Great Progress in AI Technology
C． Themes of AI Textbooks
D． Popularity of AI Textbooks

B
At Parkland International Language School， our aim is to offer excellent junior English summer courses to young people aged 11 to 17． Our residential English summer school is held at one of the best boarding schools in England．
It has outstanding facilities （设施）， and it is situated in a very safe and attractive part of the country． Students aged 11 to 17 from different countries can enjoy the complete summer school experience： a full program of English lessons， activities and entertainment．
Also, students can make lifelong friendships with students from other countries or with those British students who join them for conversation practice．
We are a small, friendly and professional family business.We promise to ensure(确保) that all of our students are very well cared for and that they can make the most of the opportunities to practice and enrich their knowledge of English at our English Language summer school．
Thank you for visiting our website． You can find much more information on the other pages of the website．
（5）According to the passage， Parkland International Language School　 　．
A．provides great junior English courses to all the young people
B．has excellent teaching buildings and equipment
C． is a very big， professional and nice family business
D．is only for junior middle school students all over the world
（6）A student in Parkland International Language School cannot　 　．
A．enrich their knowledge of English
B． study with British students
C． be taken good care of
D． live with an English family
（7）The passage is written for those who want to improve their　 　．
A．life
B． English
C． memory
D． friendship
（8）You can read this passage　 　．
A．in a newspaper．
B． in a magazine．
C． in a poster．
D． on the Internet．
C
In the Chinese-speaking world， almost everyone knows about Jin Yong and his books． Jin Yong is the pen name of Louis Cha Leung-yung． He was the most important Chinese martial arts novelist． On Oct 30， he passed away at 94 years old in Hong Kong．
During his lifetime， Jin Yong wrote 15 martial arts novels． Over 300 million copies of his books have been sold （ 卖） around the world． It's just as the well﹣known saying goes， "Wherever there are Chinese， you will find Jin Yong's novels"．
With his books， Jin Yong created an imaginary world called jianghu． In jianghu， there are many fighting heroes（ 侠） practicing martial arts． But Jin Yong also used some stories from history and traditional Chinese culture to make this world． His stories took place in different dynasties． He used Chinese poems in his books． This makes his books rich and colorful．
However， more importantly， Jin Yong has shaped the values （ 价值观） of many Chinese people． The characters in Jin Yong's books fight for justice and righteousness． And his readers will always thank him for teaching them these values．
Jin Yong touched people's hearts through more than just his books． All of his novels have been made into films， TV shows， comics or video games． Almost all of the adaptations （改编作品） have been big hits． Lots of actors and actresses became famous because of his works． His works are also popular overseas．
（9）　 　is Jin Yong's family name．
A．Jin
B． Yong
C． Cha
D． Louis
（10）The underlined sentence means that Jin Yong's books are very　 　．
A．cheap
B． traditional
C． natural
D． popular
（11）In Jin Yong's books， you can find the following things except　 　．
A．stories from history
B． traditional Chinese culture
C． Chinese poems
D． comics and video games
（12）From the last paragraph， we can know that　 　．
A．People are touched by Jin Yong's books
B． Jin Yong's books help shape the values of Chinese people
C．Jin Yong's books make great difference to others
D．Jianghu is a world full of heroes
D
Now some women are spending a weekend at Mother's Camp． There， husbands and children are not allowed． Why would a woman want to take a vacation without her family？ Some women say they need time to be alone．
At Mother's Camp a woman has room for herself． She can sleep， read or watch TV， and no one will bother her． No children will ask， "Mom， what's for dinner？" No husband will say， "Oh， dear， I can't find any clean socks．" In fact almost 50% of women in the United States work outside the home． Many of them work full﹣time and then come home for a second job﹣taking care of their homes and families． These working women say one of their biggest problems is housework．
In the United States， working wives do about 75% of the housework. Many of their husbands say they want to help． But then they burn the rice or they can't find the pans． They ask so many questions that their wives decide it is easier to do the job themselves．
Some women go to Mother's Camp just to get a break from housework． For two days they don't cook， they don't clean and they don't look after their children and husbands． What do they do？ They enjoy warm， sunny weather， walking， swimming or boating in a clear blue lake and sing songs around the campfire． They relax away from home． They have a really wonderful vacation at Mother's Camp．
（13）At Mother's Camp， women can't　 　．
A．watch TV
B． read newspapers
C．swim in the lake
D． bring their husbands and children
（14）Some mothers would like to be alone because　 　．
A．they don't like their husbands and children
B．they have to work full﹣time
C．they are too busy to relax themselves
D．they want a new life
（15）　 　is one of the biggest troubles for working wives in the United States．
A．Housework
B． Working outside the home
C．When to take a vacation
D． Looking after their children
（16）What's the best title of this passage？　 　
A．Busy Working Mothers
B． How to Buy Gifts for Mothers
C． Mothers Relax Away From Home
D． Mothers in the US
E
Have you ever wondered how and why a fall leaf changes color？ We first have to understand what leaves are and what they do．
Plants are the world's food factories． Plants take water from the ground and take CO2 from the air． Plants use sunlight to turn water and CO2 into glucose（葡萄糖）． Glucose is a kind of sugar． Using it as food， plants get energy and grow． Plants using sunlight to turn water and CO2 into sugar is called photosynthesis（ 光 合 作 用 ）． Chlorophyll helps photosynthesis． It gives plants their green color．
As summer ends and autumn comes， the days get shorter and shorter， and trees "know" to begin getting ready for winter． During winter， there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis． Trees rest during this time and live on the food they store during the summer． They begin to shut down their food﹣making factories． As the green chlorophyll disappears from the leaves， we begin to see yellow and orange leaves． These colors have been in the leaves all the time． We just can't see them in the summer， because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll．
The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn． In some trees， glucose is caught in the leaves after photosynthesis stops． Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn turn this glucose into a red color．The brown color of trees is made from waste left in the leaves． It is mixture of all these things． It makes the beautiful leaves during autumn．
（17）The underline word "chlorophyll" in the passage means　 　in Chinese．
A．胡萝卜素
B． 叶绿素
C． 维生素
D．花青素
（18）When they rest in winter， trees live on the food they store during the　 　．
A．summer
B． autumn
C． winter
D． spring
（19）Plants use sunlight to turn　 　into sugar．
A．water and chlorophyll
B． water and CO2
C． CO2and glucose
D． water and glucose
（20）What's the main idea of this passage？　 　
A．What's photosynthesis？
B．How and why leaves change colors？
C．Different kinds of leaves．
D．How the seasons change．

【参考答案】：BBBA BDBD CDDC DCAD BABB







（3）来自广东省深圳市罗湖区2018-2019学年八年级上学期期末调研测试英语试题
阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D、E四个选项中选择最佳选项。（共20小题，每小题1.5分）
A

Those with questions or offering to help can call Jane Cameron at （401）1024﹣10515．
Collections start
on July 1
Deadline
July 13 （no items will be accepted after this date）
Do you have books, lamps, toys, records, DVDs, holiday decorations, jewelry or any other items just collecting dust？
Time to clean out tho attic(阁楼) and bring your items to Parish Hall．
All electronic Items must be In working order．
No clothing, computers, TVs or Encyclopedia s…（百科全书）accepted．




（1）Item collection ends on　 　．
A． July l． B． July 13. C． Julyl7． D． July 18．
（2）Which of the following items is not accepted？
A． Books． B． DVDs． C． Jewelry． D． TVs．
（3）If you want to donate electronic items， they must be　 　．
A．new B． cleaned C． usable D． secondhand
（4）What can you do if you want to be a volunteer at the yard？
A． Visit the St．Theresa Church's website．
B．Donate as many as items as you can．
C． Write an email to Jane Cameron．
D． Call （401）1024﹣10515．
B

When scientist Jessica Wade realized how hard it was to find information about women scientists, she decided to help solve that problem. She has now added the stories of over 300 female scientists to Wikipedia.
Dr.Wade has always been interested in science. But as she kept going in science and learned more about amazing women scientists, she was surprised to learn that they didn't have Wikipedia pages.
Wikipedia is the world's largest encyclopedia, and the world's 5th most popular website. What makes it special is that anybody can add to or change it. But even though Wikipedia has close to 6 million articles, Dr. Wade noticed that “It doesn't have the stories of many amazing women in science.” She says that 83% of the biographies on Wikipedia are about men．
So, in January, 2018 she decided to write one Wikipedia article about a female scientist every day. She doesn't get paid, but it has become her second job. So far, she has created 306 Wikipedia pages.
Dr. Wade will keep writing her articles， but she also wants to teach other people how to add articles to Wikipedia. She would like to create a website to keep track of all of the biographies. She wants to turn them into a teaching tool.

（5）Why did Dr． Wade add female scientists' stories to Wikipedia？
A． It's her second job in Wikipedia．
B． Female scientists asked her to do so．
C．She couldn't find information she wanted．
D．She has always been interested in science．
（6）What is special about Wikipedia？
A．It's the world's biggest encyclopedia．
B． Common people can make it different．
C．There're nearly 6 million articles on it
D． It's the world's 5 th most popular website．
（7）How much time has Dr． Wade spent adding articles to Wikipedia so far？
A．About a month． B．Less than 300 days．
C． More than 300 days． D．The article didn't tell us．
（8）Which of the following things will Dr.Wade do？
A． Try to be a teacher． B．Give up her job
C． Create a website． D．Stop writing stories
C
Tom was walking through the forest with his axe （斧子） when a sapling （树苗）called to him and stopped him on his way.
"CouId you please help me clear away these trees, my kind friend？ They are stealing all of my sunshine. There is no room because of the trees, so my roots cannot grow freely．I cannot feel the wind with the trees above me．"
Tom decided he could do this favor for the poor sapling. He swung his axe and cleared the trees around the sapling.
But after Tom made space for the sapling, the hot sunlight dried his leaves. Then there was a heavy rainstorm.The poor sapling couldn't stand（忍受）the weather.
"Oh, foolish one," said a farmer who was passing by． "The taller trees may seem like they're taking your sunshine, space and wind from you, but they're actually helping you. They protect you from sunburns， heavy rain and other bad weather. , you only see them taking your space, but you don't see how they help you. One day when you grow up, you might be the one to protect other saplings.”

（9）What did the sapling ask Tom to do？
A．To stop using the axe on him．
B．To cut down the trees around him．
C．To move him away from other trees．
D．To protect him from bad weather．
（10）Why did the sapling ask Tom to help him？
A． Because he wanted to be the tallest tree．
B．Because he was getting too much sunshine．
C．Because his roots were covered by other trees．
D． Because he thought other trees stopped his growth．
（11）Why did the farmer try to help the sapling understand？
A． Other trees were being foolish．
B．The taller trees were protecting it．
C．It would grow much taller than other trees．
D．The taller trees shared most of the sunshine．
（12）Which sentence can be put in the blank？
A．Every coin has two sides．
B．You need much more sunlight and water．
C．It's dangerous to grow up．
D．It's easy for taller trees to protect you．
D
Wlicn 4﹣year﹣old Prince George started his first day of school in September，Chinese language was on his curriculum（课程）．
And he wasn't alone． It is reported that about 51 percent of the parents in the UK want their children to learn Chinese， as it's believed to be one of the most useful languages to know．
In the popularity of Chinese drove the UK government to start the Mandarin Excellence Programme in September last year．It aims to make at least 5，000 British state secondary school students be good at speaking Chinese by 2020．
Yet ，the UK isn't the only country showing a growing interest in Chinese．
The language has become the second most spoken foreign language in the United States this year， after only Spanish， with over 2.1 million speakers．
Many US famous people such as Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and Malia Obama， former US president Barack Obama's daughter， study Chinese as a second language．
So far， 67 countries and regions have included Chinese in their national curriculum． So why are so many countries enthusiastic about learning Chinese？
One reason could be that as China continues to develop rapidly， Chinese is increasingly becoming a useful tool for people's personal and professional growth．
“I think everyone believes that Chinese will be the next great superpower…even if it's not a superpower like America． It's still very important. ” Aisling from Germany, who studied at the Renmin University of China， told Xinhua News Agency．
（13）Why did the UK start the Mandarin Excellence Programme？
A．Because Chinese is popular in Britain． B．Because Prince George learns Chinese．
C． Because students need to learn Chinese． D． Because kids are asked to learn Chinese．
（14）Which is the most popular foreign language in America？
A．English． B． Chinese． C．German． D． Spanish，
（15）What does the underlined word "enthusiastic"　 　mean？
A． It means "be good at"． B． It means "be afraid of"．
C． It means "be interested in"． D．It means "be worried about"．
（16）What's the reason that many countries included Chinese in their national curriculum？
A．The UK government launched a programme．
B． Mark and Malia have begun to learn Chinese．
C． Over 2.1 million Americans can speak Chinese，
D． China grows fast and Chinese becomes helpful．

E
This week is Computer Science Education Week， During the week， students around the world will be taking part in an "Hour of Code" and learning a little about programming computers． This year， there will be more than 200，000 events in over 180 countries．
The U．S． Congress first created Computer Science Education Week in 2009 to remember Grace Hopper， one of the women who played an important part in the early days of computers．
Hadi Partovi came up with the idea of the Hour of Code． He thinks coding is an important skill and that it's important for schools to teach computer science． He started the Hour of Code in 2013 because he was worried that computer science was not a big part of what schools taught in most states．
To spread his idea， he got the help from many famous people． Some were famous for working with computers， like Bill Gates． Others were famous in other areas．Mr． Partovi got a lot of money for his idea from big companies like Facebook， Google， and Microsoft．
Students who take part in the Hour of Code complete a short coding challenge that is broken down into small， simple steps． The challenge is supposed to take about an hour in all．
To raise the interest of students， the challenges are often tied in with popular movies or games． For example， challenges have been built around Angry Birds， Mine Craft， Frozen， and Star Wars﹣One test of the program's success is whether students keep going once the time is up． It turns out that many of them do． Last year， teachers reported that 92% of their students coded for more than an hour．

（17）Who thought of the idea of the Hour of Code？
A． Bill Gates． B．Hadi Partovi． C． Grace Hopper． D． The US Congress．
（18）Why did many famous people help Mr． Partovi？
A．To remember Grace Hopper
B． To take part in an "Hour of Code"
C．To make his idea known by more people．
D．To learn about programming computers．
（19）What do the students who join in the Hour of Code do？
A． Break down codes． B． Watch a popular movie
C． Play a game called Frozen． D． Finish a difficult coding task．
（20）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A．The Hour of Code B．Computer Science
C．Mr． Partovi Got Lots of Help D． Coding Is an Important Skill

【参考答案】：BDCD CBCC BDBA ADCD BCDA