2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第一章名词冠词

第一部分/专题一　冠词、名词专题一 | 冠词、名词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·浙江高考)Everybody wears ________ same style of clothes.答案：the　根据same可知，前面一定用the，表示“同样的衣服样式”。2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.答案：the　这里的top指钢轨的顶部，有特指意义，因此填定冠词。句意：这包括挖掘路基，铺设钢轨，然后在上面建一个坚固的棚顶。3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.答案：a　model在句中表示泛指，因此用不定冠词。句意：恰恰相反，她在纽约当模特，每天收入6,500英镑。4．When I traveled in Boston, I lived with ________ Smiths, who were very friendly to me. 答案：the　“the＋姓氏名词的复数”表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”。句意：我在波士顿旅行的时候，同史密斯一家人住在一起，他们对我非常友好。5．Hearing these words, Tony became really angry and hit Jack in ________ face. 答案：the　“vt.＋sb.＋prep.＋the＋身体部位” 表示对某人的某一身体部位的动作，如打，拍，抓等。句意：听到这些话之后，托尼真的生气了，给了杰克一记耳光。6．When one buys something on hire purchase (分期付款), he/she has to pay out by ________ month.答案：the　“by＋the＋表示单位的名词”表示“以……方式”，by the month意为“按月”。故用the。句意：当人们以分期付款的形式购买东西时，他们得按月付款。7．(2019·福建厦门一中高三期末)It's never easy for ________ Asian athlete to shine in track and field events.答案：an　分析句子可知，第一次提及单数名词Asian athlete，故用不定冠词an。句意：对于亚洲运动员来说，在田径项目上突出相当不容易。8．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short­listed, we thought it was ________ joke.答案：a　根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。9．Qingdao is ________ most beautiful coastal city and most people are fond of going swimming there in summer.答案：a　a与most连用，意为“非常；很”，符合语境。句意：青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市，大多数人都喜欢夏天去那儿游泳。10．(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)I'm ________ 18­year­old boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress.答案：an　此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。11．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.答案：the　此处特指“过去的25年”，应用定冠词the。句意：在过去的25年，玉米的产量差不多增长了125%，而水稻只增长了7%。12．(2019·湖北襄阳调研)In Australia, which has the highest number of food advertisements in children's television in the world, there are ________ average of 12 food ads per hour.答案：an　an average of ...为固定短语，意为“平均……”。句意：澳大利亚是世界上在儿童电视节目中插播食物广告数量最多的国家，平均每小时有12条食物广告。13．(2019·四川成都诊断)It is so attractive that I decided to go there for ________ second time next year.答案：a　a second time表示“又一次，再一次”，故填a。句意：那里如此迷人，我决定明年再去一次。14．(2019·安徽合肥检测)Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of ________ most important art forms in China.答案：the　此处意为“最重要的艺术形式之一”，需用形容词最高级形式，空处加定冠词the。15．It is out of ________ question to expect Rome was built in a day, so we should be patient with our success.答案：the　out of the question意为“不可能”，符合语境。故用定冠词the。注意：out of question意为“毫无疑问”，也是固定短语，但用在此处与语境不符，所以不用零冠词。句意：期望罗马在一天之内建成是不可能的，所以我们要耐心期待我们的成功。16．(2019·湖南长沙一模)But we are making ________ effort to maintain our community in some form so that we don't lose it.答案：an　make an effort为固定短语，意为“尽力”。句意：但是为了我们不会失去我们的社区，我们正在尽力以一定的形式维持它。17．The leaders from the world are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Zhejiang.答案：a　此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；a new Zhejiang意为“一个新浙江”。故用a。句意：来自全世界的领导人都对这一事实印象深刻，那就是各行各业的人正在为一个新浙江努力工作。18．(2019·河南郑州测试)Four boys were taking ________ walk in the woods near Montignac.答案：a　take a walk 为固定短语，意为“行走，散步”。句意：四个男孩儿正在蒙提涅克附近的树林里散步。19．(2019·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)He saw some ladies picking the tea at ________ foot of the mountain.答案：the　此处at the foot of the mountain意为“在山脚下”，为固定用法。句意：他看见一些女士在山脚下采茶叶。20．(2019·辽宁省部分重点高中高三联考)From then on, my fear of talking before ________ big audience disappeared.答案：a　此处表示泛指大量听众，应用“a/an＋(形容词＋)可数名词单数形式”，big是以辅音音素开头，故填a。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.__________________________________________________________________答案：countryside前加the　去年寒假，“我”和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.__________________________________________________________________答案：the→a　这里表示“作为一个孩子”，表泛指，应用“a(n)＋可数名词单数形式”，kid的发音是以辅音音素开头的，应用a，故把the改为a。3．At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. __________________________________________________________________答案：去掉the　at first为固定短语，其前不用冠词。4．The X­rays you get at a doctor's or dentist's are not enough to cause cancer.__________________________________________________________________答案：a→the　at the doctor's/dentist's指“在诊所”，因此此处改a为the。5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.__________________________________________________________________答案：first前加the/my　表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。6．(2019·河南名校联考)As the result, their communication with people around them becomes less and less. __________________________________________________________________答案：the→a　as a result为固定搭配，意为“因此”。故将the改为a。句意：因此，他们与周围人的交流越来越少。7．(2019·河北邯郸联考)I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight. __________________________________________________________________答案：去掉the　lose weight意为“减肥”，为固定短语，故将the去掉。8．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.__________________________________________________________________答案：an→a　unique的发音是以辅音音素开头的，前面的不定冠词用a。9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly  football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.__________________________________________________________________答案：football前加a　根据句意，这里football是可数名词单数，表示泛指，故在football前面加a。10．(2019·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be much faster than a train or an airplane.__________________________________________________________________答案：去掉the　by＋交通工具(名词)，该名词只能用单数且前无冠词或任何限定词。by spaceship “乘坐飞船”，故去掉the。句意：我们可以乘坐飞船去想去的地方，乘坐飞船比坐火车或者飞机要快得多。11．He had been taught to be kind and always ready to help people in the trouble in school.__________________________________________________________________答案：去掉the　in trouble “在困境中，遇到麻烦”，为固定短语，故不用冠词。12．In this way whole family can enjoy every single bit of life.__________________________________________________________________答案：whole前加the　whole修饰名词时，指的是一个整体，有特指意义，故用定冠词。13．Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and an inventor.__________________________________________________________________答案：去掉an　涉及一个人的两种身份时，前面的名词之前用冠词，后面的名词之前不用冠词。两个名词前面均有冠词时，指的是两个人。14．So be careful when you use the taxi­booking app the next time.__________________________________________________________________答案：去掉第二个the　此处表泛指“下一次”，故用next time，所以去掉the。15．My parents had moved to England from India during 1970s.__________________________________________________________________答案：during后加the　the 1970s为固定用法，意为“20世纪70年代”；表示“某世纪某年代”时应在数字前加the。16．On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.__________________________________________________________________答案：hurry前加a　in a hurry “匆匆忙忙”，为固定短语。17．I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. __________________________________________________________________答案：wonderful前加a　此处time指“一段时间/时光”。a wonderful time “一段愉快的时光”。18．Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. __________________________________________________________________答案：去掉a　catch sight of “看见，瞥见”，为固定短语，故sight前面不用冠词。19．We may be one family and live under a same roof. __________________________________________________________________答案：a→the　same “相同的”，一般都与the连用，故用定冠词限定。20．Mr Smith asked you to repeat the phone number the second time so that he could set it down.__________________________________________________________________答案：第二个the→a　表示“又，再一次”，要用a second time。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction　由空格前的the和空格后的of可知，此处需用其名词形式。the introduction of “引进……”。句意：只有在引进电动马达和升降机之后，这种发展(在隧道中建铁路)才成为可能。2．(2019·浙江高考)Other American studies showed no ________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.答案：connection/connections　根据no可知，后面需要connect的名词形式，语意表示“联系、连接”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。3．(2019·贵州适应性考试)If we are not aware of these differences, some unusual ________ (thing) might happen.答案：things　根据该句中的some可知，可数名词thing应用复数形式。4．(2019·湖北武汉调研)Driven by the ________ (curious) in my heart, I came to China and took part in a cruise (乘船度假) along part of the river last year.答案：curiosity　curious为形容词，由前面的冠词the可知，此处应用名词；driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。5．A ________ (teacher) praise has great effect on the growth of a student. 答案：teacher's　teacher与praise之间是所属关系，故teacher用所有格形式。句意：老师的表扬对于学生的成长有着巨大的作用。6．Nothing I did seemed to make any ________ (different). “It can't be the fuel，” I thought.答案：difference　make any difference为固定搭配，意为“有任何影响”。7．When Sammy looked up, the train was just a couple of ________ (foot) away.答案：feet　a couple of后跟可数名词的复数形式，故填feet。句意：当Sammy抬头看时，火车离他仅几英尺远。8．(2019·浙江嘉兴测试)Portman's educational background has influenced one of her ________ (project)．答案：projects　one of后接可数名词的复数形式，表示“……之一”，故填projects。9．Being straightforward, I'm not the kind of person who likes to say something unfavorable about anyone in their ________ (absent)．答案：absence　in为介词，后应接名词。 in one's absence “某人不在场的时候”。句意：坦率地说，我不是那种喜欢在别人背后说三道四的人。10．(2019·湖北宜昌中学月考)Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years, but ________ (express) from them have entered various languages.答案：expressions　设空处表示“词语”之意，在句中作主语，需用名词形式；根据设空处后的 have entered 可推知设空处需用名词复数形式，故填expressions。句意：不仅这些寓言本身存在了近1,500年，而且里面的一些词语已经被收录到各种语言中了。11．Many young people turn to alcohol to reduce ________ (press), though they clearly know it is not a good way to relax.答案：pressure　reduce为及物动词，后面接名词作宾语。reduce pressure “缓解压力”。句意：许多年轻人通过喝酒来缓解压力，尽管他们清楚地知道这并不是一种好的放松方式。12．(2018·天津高考)The ________ (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.答案：possibility　that引导的同位语从句解释说明其前的名词，(亦为先行词)，结合空格前的定冠词可知，这里应填名词形式。故填possibility。句意：宇宙中的其他星球上可能存在生命，这一直激励着科学家探索外太空。13．Some schools will have to make ________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案：adjustments　make adjustments为固定短语，意为“做出调整”。故填adjustments。14．(2019·河北百校联考)It is believed that upper­class Victorians in England invented the table tennis in the 1880s, using whatever they could find as ________ (equip)．答案：equipment　介词as后需用名词；equipment意为“设备”，是不可数名词，故填equipment。句意：人们相信维多利亚时代的英国上层阶级在19世纪80年代用他们随便发现的任何东西作为设备发明了乒乓球。15．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ (child) hungry stomach.答案：child's　此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”，空格后是名词stomach，所给提示词是child，此处意为“一个孩子的……”，故此处应该用child的所有格形式。16．(2019·河南九校质量考评)Deep worry began to destroy my ________ (confident)．答案：confidence　设空处在本句中作宾语，且设空处前有形容词性物主代词，故可判断设空处应填名词，confidence为不可数名词，故答案为confidence。句意：极度忧虑开始毁掉我的自信。17．(2019·合肥市高三调研性测试)At the ________ (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall used to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall.答案：entrance/entry　由设空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词形式，表示“入口”，故用entrance/entry。18．The majority of employers are planning to cut down on wages in ________ (react) to the economic crisis.答案：reaction　in为介词，后面跟名词。in reaction to意为“应对，反应”。句意：为了应对经济危机，大部分企业主打算减薪。19．(2019·安徽省示范高中高三期末联考)It can not only increase your heart rate without stressing your body, but also build up your muscles and ________ (strong)．答案：strength　根据设空前的your muscles可知填名词形式，意为“力气；力量”，是不可数名词，故填strength。20．(2019·辽宁省部分重点高中高三联考)But my ________ (listen) were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.答案：listeners　由my修饰说明，设空处应用名词；与后面谓语动词were主谓一致，名词应用复数，指“我”的听众们，故填listeners。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.__________________________________________________________________答案：chicken→chickens　短语dozens of之后应该使用可数名词chicken “鸡”的复数形式。2．(2019·河北联盟模拟)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa last Friday, causing 4 death.__________________________________________________________________答案：death→deaths　death作“死亡人数或事件”讲时为可数名词，根据“4”可知将death改为deaths。句意：上周五，一场大暴雨摧毁了南非的两个村庄，导致4人遇难。3．The leafs withered and fell down with winter approaching.  __________________________________________________________________答案：leafs→leaves　以­f或­fe结尾的名词，变为复数时变­f或­fe为­ves。4．(2019·山东潍坊一模)After all, helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and happy. __________________________________________________________________答案：happy→happiness　应该用名词而非形容词作obtain的宾语，故将happy改为happiness。句意：毕竟，帮助有困难的人是获得快乐和幸福的好办法。5．(2019·湖北武汉调研)Considering my case, my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a short­term goal to improve my math. __________________________________________________________________答案：approach→approaches　approach作“方法”讲时，是可数名词；由前面的several可知，应用复数形式。6．(2019·湖南长沙一模)When the boy sang a song with his guitar, all the judge were astonished by his talent.__________________________________________________________________答案：judge→judges　根据该句中的all和谓语动词were可知，所有的评委都对他的天赋感到惊讶，故用复数形式。7．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net.__________________________________________________________________答案：surprising→surprise　固定短语：to one's surprise “使某人惊奇的是”。8．My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.__________________________________________________________________答案：honest→honesty　此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，故用名词形式。而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.__________________________________________________________________答案：player→players　由前面的all可知，应用player的复数形式。10．We were touched by such an act of kind on a hot day.__________________________________________________________________答案：kind→kindness　介词of后需用名词作宾语，故将形容词kind改为kindness。11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”__________________________________________________________________答案：mistake→mistakes　and连接两个并列成分，前面的textbooks为复数，故可数名词mistake “错误”应改为mistakes。12．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”__________________________________________________________________答案：word→words　根据后面引号内的内容可知教练一直重复说的话有多句，故此处应用word的复数形式。13．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.__________________________________________________________________答案：informations→information　information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。14．(2019·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)You will learn Chinese history and traditional culture as well as Chinese written.__________________________________________________________________答案：written→writing　此处和“Chinese history” “traditional culture”构成并列关系，作动词learn的宾语，故应用v.­ing形式writing。15．Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitate.__________________________________________________________________答案：hesitate→hesitation　此处为介词短语作状语，与and前的“with confidence”并列。without hesitation为固定短语，意为“毫不犹豫地”。16．The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.__________________________________________________________________答案：airs→air　air指“空气”时，为不可数名词。17．Taking part in after­class activities is of great important to us young students. __________________________________________________________________答案：important→importance　be of great importance＝be very important “很重要”。18．These are some books of my brother.__________________________________________________________________答案：brother→brother's　此处为名词的双重所有格形式。表示这些是我弟弟的所有书中的一部分。19．Many doctors, including three woman doctors, were sent to the earthquake­stricken area.__________________________________________________________________答案：woman→women　当man, woman作定语时，若所修饰的词为复数形式，则man, woman也应用复数形式。20．If you want to learn English well, it is not enough only to keep in minds the rules of grammar.__________________________________________________________________答案：minds→mind　keep in mind “记住，牢记”，mind为抽象意义，没有复数形式。