2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第五章情态动词和虚拟语气

专题五 | 情态动词和虚拟语气Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I ________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.答案：needn't　根据下文“I can do it in the morning”可知，“我”可以早上搞卫生，因此晚上没有必要打扫房间了，故填needn't。2．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.答案：can　表示能力用can。句意：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能够轻松够到顶层架子上的书。3．(2018·江苏高考)It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.答案：should　此处should作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合句意。句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人同意就拿走了那些书。4．(2019·江西五校联考)It has been accepted that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.答案：shall　在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，shall可表示规定、命令。5．(2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company. 答案：can　can在此表示客观可能性，意为“可能会，有时候会”。句意：在如今的信息化时代，丢失数据可能会给一个公司造成严重的问题。6．________ you succeed in your future career!答案：May　有些祝愿语的话以may开头。may sb./sth. do sth. “愿某人/某事做某事”。句意：祝你在以后的事业中取得成功！7．(2019·安徽黄山质检)—I'm afraid I have to leave now，for you see, he is waiting for me.—Well, if you ________， at least wait till the heavy rain stops.答案：must　根据语境可知填must，意为“偏要；非得”。句意：——恐怕现在我不得不离开了，因为你知道，他在等我。——好的，如果你非得走，至少要等到大雨停了再走。8．Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.答案：must　根据题干中“Since nobody gave him any help”可判断设空处表示肯定的推测。句意：既然没有人帮助他，他一定是独自完成了这项研究。9．That man ________ be our head teacher. He has gone to Indonesia and is supposed to be back in two days' time. 答案：can't　can't是对某一情况极有把握的否定推测。句意：这个人不可能是我们的校长，他去印度尼西亚了，应该在两天后返回。10．________ it have been the failure to pick up directions from the ground control that caused the air crash?答案：could　could have done可表对已发生之事的推测，此处是其一般疑问句结构。句意：此次空难是不是因为飞机无法接收地面控制中心的指令造成的？11．We ________ as well stay at home. It is raining so hard.答案：might/may　might/may as well意为“倒不如……，还是……为好，最好还是……”，是固定搭配，符合语境。句意：我们倒不如待在家里，雨下得很大。12．—I've told Nancy many times about the meeting, but she still forgot it!—I understand. Actually, anyone ________ be very forgetful at times.答案：can　can可用来表示客观可能性。句意：——我多次告诉南希关于会议的事情，但她还是忘了！——我了解。事实上，任何人偶尔都会健忘。13．When I was young, I ________ sit at the entrance of our village, waiting for father to come back from work.答案：would　would可表示过去习惯性的动作。句意：我小时候总是坐在村口，等待父亲下班回家。14．If you think the price of beef is too high, you ________ as well buy some pork. It depends on you.答案：might/may　“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。句意：如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。15．There is thick snow on my car and now the engine simply ________ start.答案：won't　will用于非人称主语时，表示物体的固有性质和倾向，这是一种固定用法。句意：我的车上覆盖了厚厚的雪，引擎启动不了了。16．It seems unfair that this ________ happen to me.答案：should　should表示因为出乎意料而感到惊讶，意为“竟然”。句意：真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。17．You ________ park here！It's an emergency exit.答案：mustn't　mustn't 表示“禁止，不可以”。句意：你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急出口处。18．You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.答案：may　may表示“可能，也许，或许”的意思。句意：也许你会认为所有的培训是浪费时间，但是我百分之百地确信之后你会庆幸你这么做了。19．Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest. 答案：might　根据前句中的unpredictable可知，成为富人并不是不可能的，might表示一种很小的可能性。句意：生活是不可预料的，甚至最贫穷的人都可能变成最富有的人。20．We ________ have hurried all the way to the airport—the flight was called off because of the foggy weather.答案：needn't　needn't have done “本没必要做却做了”。句意：我们本不必一路急匆匆地赶往机场的——因为大雾天气航班被取消了。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.__________________________________________________________________答案：去掉let前的to　would表示“意愿”，为情态动词，后面直接接动词原形。2．(2019·安徽江淮十校联考)As the deadline is drawing near, no one should leave with his own work uncompleted.__________________________________________________________________答案：should→shall　shall用于第三人称陈述句中，表示命令、警告。句意：由于截止日期即将到来，不完成工作，任何人不许离开。3．(2019·河南郑州预测)He became very angry, but I dared not to tell him about the game.__________________________________________________________________答案：去掉to　dare既可以作情态动词又可以作实义动词。dare的过去式为dared，此处其前没有用助动词，说明dare在此用作情态动词，故后跟动词原形。4．We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.__________________________________________________________________答案：chose→choose　情态动词后应该用动词原形。5．(2019·四川成都五校联考)People neglect the fact that our parents are the dearest persons in the world, so we should nice to our parents.__________________________________________________________________答案：should后加be　情态动词后用动词原形，而nice为形容词，因此其前缺少be动词，故在should后加be。6．People around us should affect our thoughts and behaviors.__________________________________________________________________答案：should→can　can表示可能性，根据语境可知，周围的人有可能对我们的思想和行为产生影响。7．(2019·湖南衡阳八中模拟)It is true that no one should live without money in modern society.__________________________________________________________________答案：should→can　根据句意可知，表示“能，能够”，应用can。8．He chose to teach in a western province, though he would have stayed in the city for a better life.__________________________________________________________________答案：would→could　could have done意为“本能够做……(但未做……)”。句意：虽然他可以在这个城市过更好的生活，但他却选择到西部省份支教。9．Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.__________________________________________________________________答案：can→should或去掉can　suggest在此处表示“建议”，后面接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。10．—Tell me your secret.—I mustn't. It wouldn't be a secret if I told you.__________________________________________________________________答案：mustn't→won't　mustn't表示禁止或不允许而这里表示说话人的意愿。故将mustn't改为won't。11．When I was a child, I could go swimming in summer.__________________________________________________________________答案：could→would　would用来表示过去常常发生的动作。12．He should have arrived there by now, but you'd better call him to make sure.__________________________________________________________________答案：should→may/might　根据make sure可知，他是否已经到达还不能确定，因此用表示有可能发生的may/might have done，而should have done表示应该做但没有做到的一种情况。13．If the first few sentences of your application letter fail to win the reader's attention, the rest of the letter will not be read at all.__________________________________________________________________答案：will→may　will表示计划或打算，肯定的语气很强，但事实上招聘方也是有可能读完全部的申请信的，因此，may “可能，也许”更符合语境。14．—I am worn out now. I stayed up last night to finish the report.—Oh？You wouldn't have.The professor asked us to hand it in next week.__________________________________________________________________答案：wouldn't→needn't　needn't have done ... 意为“本没有必要做……(但做了……)”。句意：——我现在疲惫不堪，为了完成报告我昨晚熬夜了。——哦？你没有必要这样做，教授要求我们下周交。15．If you can help do some housework the whole vacation, you should have an MP5 as a reward.__________________________________________________________________答案：should→shall　本句中，a reward 是对假期做家务行为的承诺，因此用shall。should表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，不符合语境。16．—Is Jack on duty today?—It can be him. It's his turn tomorrow.__________________________________________________________________答案：can→can't　can't表示对现在情况较有把握的否定猜测或判断，意为“不可能”。根据所提供的情景“It's his turn tomorrow.”可判断出不可能是他。17．It's a non­smoking area. If you will smoke, please go outside the gate.__________________________________________________________________答案：will→must　此处must表示“非要，一定要”。句意：这里是非吸烟区。如果你一定要抽烟，请到门外边。18．On hearing the bell, the students rushed to the dinning hall before I might stop them.__________________________________________________________________答案：might→could　before sb. can do意为“某人还没来得及……”。由主句中的谓语动词rushed可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用can的过去式could。句意：一听到铃声，学生们就冲向了餐厅，我都来不及阻止他们。19．As we can see, Peter is very happy, so he should have passed the exam. After all, it's not difficult at all. __________________________________________________________________答案：should→must　根据happy可知，彼得一定是通过了考试。must have done sth.表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”。20．It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, could bring me food.__________________________________________________________________答案：could→should　should在这里表示“竟然”的意思。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.答案：had been put　根据主句的时态可知，这是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应该用过去完成时，另外，safety system与put to use之间是被动关系，因此填had been put。句意：如果新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。2．(2019·江苏高考)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ (have) a good time together.答案：would/could/should/might have had　or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，由missed可知，从句表示对过去的情况的一种假设。句意：真可惜！你错过了观光，否则我们会在一起过得很愉快。3．(2017·江苏高考)________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.答案：Were　根据主句时态可知，这是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，若有should, had或were时，if可省略，而将should, had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装。句意：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。4．(2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved.答案：had　wish后接从句，表示不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望，从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；叙述与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用had done；叙述与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用would/could/might do。由语境可知，此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设，故填had。句意：在这个村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。5．(2018·天津高考)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.答案：had caught　由yesterday可知，If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had＋过去分词”形式。句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。6．I wish I ________ (be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.答案：had been　wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，对过去发生过的事情的假设要用过去完成时。句意：我希望上个星期二我出席了姐姐的婚礼，但那时我正在纽约出差。7．It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________ (have) nowhere to stay now.答案：would have　or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据now可知，后半句表示与现在情况相反的假设，因此用“would＋动词原形”结构。句意：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。8．(2019·四川绵阳质检)Don't handle the vase as if it ________ (make) of steel.答案：were made　as if意为“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子须使用虚拟语气，并且所述情况是对现在事实的假设，因此使用一般过去时(be动词用were)，由于it与make之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。9．________ anyone come to my office, please tell them I'm not available before four o'clock.答案：Should　这里用的是if虚拟语气的省略倒装，相当于“if anyone should come to my office”，表示对将来的假设。这种虚拟条件句可以省略if，将should提前。句意：如果有人来到我的办公室，请告诉他们在4点前我不在。10．The school took the students' request into consideration that a party ________ (hold) to celebrate the victory.答案：(should) be held　that引导request的同位语从句，谓语动词应用(should＋)动词原形。party与hold之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：校方考虑了学生的要求——举办一场晚会来庆祝这次胜利。11．(2019·四川成都七中段考)The young firefighter insisted that he ________ (be) well­prepared and should be sent there to put out the fire.答案：was　当insist意为“坚持说；坚持认为”时用陈述语气，且根据主句时态为一般过去时可知，从句也应用一般过去时。故填was。句意：那位年轻的消防员坚持说他准备好了，并且坚持要去那里救火。12．It was commanded that the coal mine survivors ________ (send) to the nearest hospital for treatment.答案：(should) be sent　“It is commanded＋that从句”中从句的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，属于虚拟语气结构；从句中的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，故填(should) be sent。句意：根据命令，矿难生还者被送往最近的医院接受治疗。13．(2019·河北石家庄质检)My mom suggests that we ________ (eat out) for a change this weekend.答案：(should) eat out　suggest表示“建议”时，所跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，故填(should) eat out。14．We would rather our daughter ________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.答案：stayed　would rather后直接跟宾语从句时，如果表示现在或将来要做的事情，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。句意：我们很希望女儿与我们一起待在家中，但要看她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。15．(2019·山东济南模拟)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ (live) there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.答案：were to live/should live/lived　根据“wouldn't be able to see ...”及句意可知，该句为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if从句谓语动词需用“were to do或should do或动词过去式”。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那里，就不能经常见到父母了。16．Thank you, Grandma! I ________ (not win) the prize without your encouragement.答案：mightn't/wouldn't/couldn't/shouldn't have wonwithout “如果没有”引出的是含蓄的虚拟条件，赢得奖项是过去发生的动作，表示与过去事实相反，主句中谓语动词可用might/would/could/should have done。句意：奶奶，谢谢您！如果没有您的鼓励，我就赢不了(不可能会赢得)这个奖项。17．If only I ________ (get) up a little earlier this morning！I missed the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another.答案：had got　if only ... 相当于how I wish ...，意为“要是……的话就好了，但愿……”，后面的句子用虚拟语气；根据missed可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以空格处应用had got。句意：今天早晨我如果早点起床就好了！那辆公共汽车我只错过了一分钟，等另一辆车等了半小时。18．(2019·江西瑞金模拟)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would ________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.答案：have visited　根据语境可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，需用“would＋have＋过去分词”结构。19．If they ________ (not miss) the flight yesterday, they would be in Paris now.答案：hadn't missed　该句是错综时间虚拟条件句，条件从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用过去完成时；主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用would do。故填hadn't missed。句意：如果他们昨天没有错过航班，现在他们就在巴黎了。20．(2019·山东青岛质检)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.答案：had　根据第一句可知，设空处是对现在的假设，故if从句谓语动词用过去式。Ⅱ.单句改错1．If only I am free now, but I'm too busy to spare any time to have a chat with you.__________________________________________________________________答案：am→were　if only后面跟的从句表示与现在的情况相反的假设，谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式要用were)。2．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.—Terribly sorry! Should my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.__________________________________________________________________答案：Should→Had　句意：——真遗憾！你错过了我的生日聚会。——非常抱歉！要是我叔叔没有突然来看我，(我就不会错过你的生日聚会了)。回答句省略了一部分，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句应用had done，当if从句中有had时可将if省略，had提前构成部分倒装。3．(2019·江西南昌十校模拟)As a result, I suggest we are given less homework and more time for out­of­classroom activities. Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life.__________________________________________________________________答案：are→be　suggest在此处表示“建议”，因此其后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋do”形式，且should可以省略。故此处应把are改为be。4．I actually believe that we could be in Boston now if we were not caught in the heavy rain. __________________________________________________________________答案：were not→had not been　在表示与过去的情况相反的虚拟语气结构中，if从句用过去完成时。5．His request is that he paid by the month instead of by the year.__________________________________________________________________答案：paid前加(should) be　在表示命令、请求、建议、要求、推荐等名词后的表语从句中，应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略；he与pay之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故应用(should) be paid。6．There is a possibility that these hens could be frightened and lay fewer eggs would there be a sudden loud noise.__________________________________________________________________答案：would→should　句意：如果突然有很大的噪音，这些母鸡有可能会因受到惊吓而少下蛋。在if引导的虚拟句中，如果从句里有should, were或had这三个动词，可将if省略，should/were/had置于主语之前，因此，题干的后半句可以看作是： ... if there should be a sudden loud noise。7．What a difficult test! Fortunately I worked hard, otherwise I have failed.__________________________________________________________________答案：have前加would　考试虽然难，但是由于努力学习已通过了，由此可知，后面提到的不及格是与过去事实相反。otherwise前的句子相当于虚拟条件从句“if I hadn't worked hard”，故otherwise后面是主句，要用“would＋have done”的形式表示与过去事实相反的情况。8．—It seems that people are becoming more and more selfish.—How much happier life would be if we are to return to the values of the past!__________________________________________________________________答案：第二个are→were　根据句子的语境可知，此处表对将来情况的虚拟，从句用“should＋动词原形，were to＋动词原形，或者动词过去式”。句意：——似乎人们在变得越来越自私。——如果能回到过去的生活价值观的话，生活将会多么快乐。9．The chancellor urges that those files shall be printed right now.__________________________________________________________________答案：shall→should或去掉shall　urge引导的宾语从句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。files和print之间是被动关系，故用(should) be printed。句意：名誉校长极力主张把那些文件打印出来。10．It's a pity that we can't arrange for our agenda; otherwise we enjoy far more freedom during the whole journey.__________________________________________________________________答案：enjoy前加would　本题考查otherwise引导的与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。句意：很遗憾我们安排不了我们的旅程，要不然我们在旅游过程中就会有更多的自由了。11．The doctor insisted that the patient stayed in bed for two weeks.__________________________________________________________________答案：stayed→(should) stay　insist意为“坚持主张，坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。12．(2019·临沂模拟)If society was a coach, the etiquette would be the wheels, on which only the coach could roll forward.__________________________________________________________________答案：was→were　本句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句的谓语动词要用过去式，be动词用were。13．Are there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.__________________________________________________________________答案：Are→Were　根据would have to以及句意可知，这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时；当if从句中有were, had或should时可将if省略，同时将它们提到主语前构成部分倒装。句意：要不是现代化的电讯，我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。14．Mr Simmons always tries to make me keep in mind that how much easier my life will be if I were better organized.__________________________________________________________________答案：will→would　根据if I were better organized可知是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，故主句用would do。句意：西蒙先生总是试图让我记住，要是我更加有条理的话，我的生活会更容易些。15．If Mr Dewey were present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.__________________________________________________________________答案：were→had been　从主句中的 would have offered可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应用过去完成时。句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。 16．It is high time that we take effective measures to protect the air from being polluted. __________________________________________________________________答案：take→took或take前加should　在“It is high time that ...”句式中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”，且should不可以省略。17．It is surprising that they chose to do what others think impossible within such a short time.__________________________________________________________________答案：chose→should choose　这是“It is＋形容词＋that从句”的句型，从句需要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。18．Thank you so much! But for your text message, I would leave my ID card at home this morning.__________________________________________________________________答案：leave→have left　but for (要不是)引出的是含蓄虚拟条件句，由句意可知，“我”没有把身份证落在家里，所以此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句中谓语动词用would have done。故将leave改为have left。19．Without the timely rescue of the firefighters, more people would be killed. __________________________________________________________________答案：be→have been　without意为“如果不是……的话”。根据语境可知，这是表示与过去的情形相反的虚拟语气，且people与kill之间为被动关系，因此用would have been。20．Had it not been for the development of modern technology, we would live a hard and simple life.__________________________________________________________________答案：live→have lived　根据had it not been可知，这个虚拟语气表示与过去的情况相反的假设，因此主句用would have done。