还剩19页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：2021高考英语三轮冲刺试卷16套（含解析）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
- 2021高考英语冲刺卷13（含解析） 试卷 3 次下载
- 2021高考英语冲刺卷14（含解析） 试卷 3 次下载
- 2021高考英语冲刺卷15（含解析） 试卷 3 次下载
- 2021高考英语冲刺卷16（含解析） 试卷 3 次下载
2021高考英语冲刺卷12（含解析）
展开
2021高考英语冲刺卷12
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题2分， 满分30分)
阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。
A
When traveling on a budget, every dollar counts. Unfortunately, the cost of tickets alone can make a serious hole in your savings. Don’t let that stop you from taking your dream vacation, though. According to Jeff Klee, CEO of CheapAir.com, there is a “sweet spot” to get the biggest bang for your buck.
“The most important rule is fairly obvious: don’t wait until the last minute, as that rarely works out，” he said in a statement. “But beyond that, you also want to be careful not to buy too early.”
Still, that’s easier said than done. Finding the most cost－efficient time to book is tough. Luckily, somebody did the math—so you don’t have to. Data crunchers from the online travel agency CheapAir.com surveyed over 917 million fares to determine the day with the cheapest rates.
Here’s what they found: while prices tend to stay the same between 320 and 106 days before a trip, they start dropping at the 105－day mark. That said, you might be tempted to book the moment prices drop. But hold on! You’ll save even more money by booking precisely 70 days before your trip. According to CheapAir.com, you can save 48 percent of the ticket’s total cost by using this trick. After that date, airfares will begin to increase again. And don’t even think about booking any later than 20 days ahead of time, as prices will be soaring.
So, what are you waiting for? Start planning your next dream vacation, and book accordingly. Your wallet will thank you—guaranteed.
1．When can we book our plane tickets to save the most money?
A．The later, the better.
B．As early as possible.
C．105 days before our trip.
D．70 days before our trip.
2．How much can the trick help us save if the ticket costs $400 totally?
A．$48. B．$192.
C．$208. D．$352.
3．What’s the purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To explain what a “sweet spot” is.
B．To attract people to traveling by plane.
C．To show the ways of booking plane tickets.
D．To tell people how to buy cheap plane tickets.
B
Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.
The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children, and for writing books for young people that covered different subjects.“Myers has written about all those subjects with deep understanding and a hardwon, qualified sense of hope，” said Leonard S. Marcus in 2008.
He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence Dean and Herbert after his mother died while giving birth to his younger sister. They loved him very much and his mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.
He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him.“It’s what you do，” she said.
He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service, he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.
In an essay published in The New York Times earlier this year, Myers described how a short story by James Arthur Baldwin helped change the course of his life.“I didn’t love the story, but I was lifted by it，” he wrote，“for it took place in Harlem, and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. By humanizing the people who were like me, Baldwin’s story also humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”
“I write books for the troubled boy I once was,” he wrote, “and for the boy who lives within me still.”
4．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．How popular Myers was.
B．How Myers became successful.
C．What makes Myers’ works popular.
D．What people think of Myers’ works.
5．Who discovered Myers’ writing talent?
A．James Arthur Baldwin. B．His mother.
C．Leonard S. Marcus. D．One of his teachers.
6．What does the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Productive. B．Unfortunate.
C．Conservative. D．Humorous.
7．Why was the short story by James Arthur Baldwin so important for Myers?
A．It helped him survive the dark period.
B．It inspired him to pursue his writing career.
C．He learned many writing techniques from it.
D．The author of the story permitted him to write.
C
Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “man’s best friend” and the world’s favourite pet? If you have, then you’re not alone. When and where dogs first began living side by side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans. They came into human lives about 15, 000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.
Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs’ and not wolves’ date from 14, 000 years ago. However, 30, 000yearold skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves’ and some scientists think could be dogs’．
With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It’s even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30, 000yearold skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.
Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.
But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.
8．Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?
A．Dogs originally were used as farm animals.
B．Dogs evolved from wolves found in Europe.
C．Dogs helped the development of agriculture.
D．Dogs were the first animal to be kept as pets.
9．Why does the writer first mention the 30, 000yearold animals’ skulls?
A．To show that dogs were much larger in the past.
B．To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves.
C．To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier.
D．To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium.
10．How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?
A．By analyzing the age of their bones.
B．By examining the animals’ DNA.
C．By studying the shape of their skulls.
D．By comparing them with modern dogs.
11．Why did dogs start living with humans?
A．Because they were attracted by food.
B．Because they were trapped by humans.
C．Because they couldn’t survive in the wild.
D．Because they were trained to protect villages.
D
Most dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural(神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
12．What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
13．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
14．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
15．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands. B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell. D．Encourage faster learning.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
From sports teams to movie characters, we love supporting the weak.While that’s inspiring for a film or a story, it can be hard to remain positive when you’re experiencing a struggle. It’s said that what is most personal is most universal. 16.________ Here are some important reasons why you should share your story of struggles.
You can shine a light for others. 17.________ Sometimes, that’s all someone needs to get through a difficult time.You can help even more by applying ideas and solutions creatively to their own problems.
18．________ It’s uncomfortable to admit to others your failures, struggles or other moments of weakness.That’s true for everyone yet opening yourself up to moments of weakness is surprisingly satisfying.It requires courage and being courageous requires practice.
People will support you.19.________ We all do.So why not share the ways you’ve faced great difficulty and bounced back？If no one knows your struggles then they’ll never know to cheer for you or what you’ve overcome to reach where you are today.
Another great aspect of sharing your story is that it helps you remember the lesson you learned.20.________ Understanding what happened and how you handled situations can provide you with the ways clearly on how to do things better and move forward.You can also share key experience alongside your story so others can learn, too.
A．It helps you find your voice.
B．You love a good comeback story.
C．It allows you to practice courage.
D．You can objectively analyze your own past.
E．That’s why your story can bring much value.
F．Be open with the world about the good and the bad.
G．Sharing your story will help them realize they aren’t alone.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节， 满分45分)
第一节(共20小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分30分)
阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My least favorite part was participating in sport meets, for I loved running by myself. When faced with running against fellow athletes, I was __21__. I had butterflies in my stomach and the sudden urge to go to the nearest __22__. This year, __23__， I was encouraged to join in a running competition by my coach.
The 800meter event was approaching, meaning that I would __24__ soon. I breathed deeply and tried to __25__ my worries. I walked over to some of the __26__ who would run with me and started to __27__ with them. We were all loosening up and getting ready to run as __28__ as possible.
I stepped up to the line for the event. The starter raised his starting gun and __29__. About twentyfive runners __30__. With these runners around me, I __31__ my coach’s words, “You may be small, but you have __32__ power.” So, I kept up with athletes twice my __33__. I picked up the runner in seventh place and based my steps on him, making it a little bit faster. One by one, I __34__ to make it to the top four, bursting around the lap.
It was the last lap before the final straightaway. I __35__ I had the possibility to win. So I widened my steps, speeding up my __36__. I caught up with the runner in first place and we ran side by side down the last 100 meters—I __37__ him by a hair at the finishing line.
My coach gave me a __38__ hug as I headed back to see him. He was __39__ because I had shortened my original __40__ by twelve seconds at least.
21. A. shocked B．nervous
C. comfortable D．brave
22．A. stadium B．hospital
C. bathroom D．station
23．A. however B．instead
C. otherwise D．moreover
24．A. delay B．fail
C. escape D．compete
25．A. ignore B．increase
C. form D．imagine
26．A. reporters B．judges
C. runners D．coaches
27．A. watch out B．turn back
C. get away D．warm up
28．A. smoothly B．rapidly
C. calmly D．patiently
29．A. returned B．withdrew
C. screamed D．fired
30．A. took off B．set down
C. looked on D．went about
31．A. challenged B．recalled
C. forgot D．adapted
32．A. exact B．great
C. practical D．suitable
33．A. pressure B．salary
C. size D．age
34．A. offered B．pretended
C. regretted D．managed
35．A. claimed B．heard
C. supposed D．remembered
36．A. speech B．mind
C. fight D．pace
37．A. beat B．pushed
C. dragged D．followed
38．A. soft B．cautious
C. firm D．slight
39．A. excited B．disappointed
C. relaxed D．depressed
40．A. distance B．time
C. lap D．Step
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on 41.____________(sun) weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts(烟头) 42.____________ (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.
One thing that really annoys me is that I see 43.____________(tour) who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place 44.____________ it should stay—the trash can.Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 45.____________ pretend that it’s not there.
The dogs or the fish are not to blame 46.____________ it. It’s our fault and we must blame 47.____________ (we)．Everyone has to do his or her part 48.____________(solve) this problem. It can’t be difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do. First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches. We could also form organizations that help clean up our beaches. More 49.____________ (important), we need to start now before the beaches 50.____________(damage) beyond repair.
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题； 每小题1分， 满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、 删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改： 在错的词下画一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.Apart from the convenient public transportation, our private car will make your visit easy.Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble communicate with them.Above all，they hosted the American student last year，through that they
gained lots of experience.In addition to，the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Charlie对中国文化很感兴趣。他和家人将于今年农历新年来中国旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件。
内容：1.欢迎他们来中国；
2．旅行前的准备。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Charlie，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
赢战2020高考英语百日冲刺卷18答案详解
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读理解A
【解题导语】 本文介绍了购买便宜飞机票的方法和策略。
1．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容尤其是第四句“You’ll save even more money by booking precisely 70 days before your trip.”可知，旅行前第70天预订机票节省的钱最多，故选D。
2．B 解析：数字计算题。根据第四段第五句“According to CheapAir.com, you can save 48 percent of the ticket’s total cost by using this trick.”，并结合题干可知，原价是400美元的飞机票总共可以节省：$400×48%＝$192，故选B。
3．D 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“When traveling on a budget, every dollar counts.”和对本文的整体理解可推知，本文的主要目的在于介绍购买便宜飞机票的策略和方法，故选D。
阅读理解B
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家Walter Dean Myers的生平。
4．C 解析：段落大意题。通读该段可知，该段首句“The prolific author...covered different subjects.”为该段主题句，结合该段其他内容可知，这位多产的作家因其对非裔美国儿童生活的生动描述，以及为年轻人写的涉及不同话题的书籍而深受喜爱。由此可知，该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故C项正确。
5．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him.”可知，他在高中时写作就很好，一位英语老师认识到这一点并建议他无论发生什么事都要坚持写下去。据此可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位英语老师发现的，故D项正确。
6．A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.”可知，Walter Dean Myers 写了100多本儿童和年轻人读物，并获得了许多最高奖项。由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家。productive意为“多产的”，故A项正确。B项意为“不幸的”，C项意为“守旧的”，D项意为“幽默的”，都与语境不符。
7．B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“how a short story ...the course of his life”以及本段最后一句“The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”可知，Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求他自己的写作事业，故B项正确。
阅读理解C
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，狗是从狼驯养而来的，早在大约一万五千年之前狗就进入了我们的生活。科学家通过分析DNA去查证狗最初是在何时何地被驯养的。
8．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There are a few hard facts that all agree on.These include that...the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans.” 可知，狗是第一种被人类驯养成宠物的动物，故D项正确。
9．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“However，30, 000yearold skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves’ and some scientists think could be dogs’．”可知，在法国和比利时已经发现了三万年前的头骨，它们不完全是狼的，科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。而第二段第二句表示最早发现的狗骨头是14 000 年前的，据此可推知，该处提及三万年前的头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早，故C项正确。
10．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones”可知，科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断阿拉斯加狗的起源的，故B项正确。
11．A 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第二句“The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out.”可知，最近的一种说法是，狗是自己驯养自己的，最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围，吃人们扔掉的食物。据此可推知，狗和人生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引，故A项正确。
阅读理解D
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。
12．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明，“人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。
13．B 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。
14．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。
15．C 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。
第二节 阅读七选五
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了与他人分享你的奋斗故事的原因。
16．E 解析：承接上文“It’s said that what is most personal is most universal.”，并与下文“Here are some important reasons why you should share your story of struggles.”相呼应，E项“这就是你的故事能带来很多价值的原因”符合语境，所以选E项。
17．G 解析：根据下文“Sometimes, that’s all someone needs to get through a difficult time.”，并结合上文“You can shine a light for others.”可推知，分享你的故事有助于他人产生共鸣，所以选G项。
18．C 解析：根据下文中的“It requires courage and being courageous requires practice.”可 推知，本段主要讲述的是分享你的故事有助于训练自己的勇气，所以选C项。
19．B 解析：根据下文“We all do. So why not share the ways you’ve faced great difficulty and bounced back？”可推知，人们都喜欢东山再起的故事，所以不如将你面临很大困难却能重整旗鼓的方法分享给别人，所以选B项。
20．D 解析：根据下文“Understanding what happened and how you handled situations can provide you with the ways clearly on how to do things better and move forward.”可推知，分享你的故事有助于客观地分析自己的过去，从而总结经验、吸取教训，所以选D项。
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者以前喜欢一个人跑步，最不爱参加运动会，但是今年作者努力尝试参加了跑步比赛。
21．B 解析：根据上文中的“for I loved running by myself”以及空后的“I had butterflies in my stomach”可知，当作者与运动员同伴赛跑时，作者很紧张。
22．C 解析：根据该句中的“I had butterflies in my stomach”并结合选项和常识可推知，作者和其他人一起跑步时很紧张，会突然急切地想去最近的洗手间。
23．A 解析：空处所在句表示今年教练鼓励作者去参加跑步比赛，与上文内容形成转折，所以用however“然而”。
24．D 解析：根据空前的“The 800meter event was approaching”可知,作者很快将参加比赛。
25．A 解析：根据语境可知，作者深呼吸并试图忽略自己的担忧。
26．C 解析：根据语境和“who would run with me”可知，作者走向一些将和他一起跑步的跑步者，开始和他们一起热身。
27．D 解析：参见上题解析。
28．B 解析：根据空前的“We were all...to run”并结合常识可知，我们都准备好尽可能快地奔跑。
29．D 解析：根据语境可知，发令员举起发令枪，开枪(示意起跑)。
30．A 解析：根据上文可知，发令员开枪示意起跑，大约25名赛跑者出发了。
31．B 解析：根据语境可知，被这些赛跑者包围，作者想起了教练的话。
32．B 解析：根据空前的“You may be small, but”并结合语境可知，此处表示你或许弱小，但你拥有巨大的力量。
33．C 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，作者与两倍于自己体格的运动员齐头并进。
34．D 解析：根据空后的“make it to the top four”可知，作者设法跑进了前四名。
35．C 解析：根据上文中的“the last lap”可知，作者认为自己有获胜的可能。
36．D 解析：根据空前的“So I widened my steps”可知，作者跨大步子，加快了速度。
37．A 解析：根据语境可知，作者追上了第一名，并和他肩并肩跑完了最后的100米，在终点线以微弱的优势赢了他。
38．C 解析：根据上文内容可知，作者在赛跑中取得了第一名，当他回去看教练时，教练给了作者一个坚实的拥抱。
39．A 解析：根据语境可知，教练很兴奋，因为作者比自己原先的(跑步)时间至少缩短了12秒。
40．B 解析：参见上题解析。
第二节语法填空
【解题导语】 本文主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。
41．sunny 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故此处用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。
42．buried 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。
43．tourists 解析：考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数形式，故此处用名词复数形式。
44．where 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the place，故填where。
45．but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。
46．for 解析：考查介词。此处考查固定词组be to blame for sth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。
47．ourselves 解析：考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。
48．to solve 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式表目的。
49．importantly 解析：考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly修饰整个句子。
50．are damaged 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知， damage和主语the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错答案：
Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation， private car will make your visit easy. Because all the family members can speak English and have outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble with them. Above all，they hosted American student last year，through they gained lots of experience. In addition ，the cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 书面表达
参考范文:
Dear Charlie，
I’m delighted to know you are coming to China with your family during the Chinese Lunar New Year, which is a great chance for you to experience Chinese culture personally. Here I am writing to offer you some advice.
It would be a good idea if you could make some preparations before your travel. First of all, learn some simple Chinese, especially the daily expressions, which makes it easier for you to communicate with the locals wherever you go. Besides, to get yourself familiar with some Chinese local customs and traditions may help you behave properly during your stay.
I hope you will find my advice helpful. Wish you a pleasant journey in China.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题2分， 满分30分)
阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。
A
When traveling on a budget, every dollar counts. Unfortunately, the cost of tickets alone can make a serious hole in your savings. Don’t let that stop you from taking your dream vacation, though. According to Jeff Klee, CEO of CheapAir.com, there is a “sweet spot” to get the biggest bang for your buck.
“The most important rule is fairly obvious: don’t wait until the last minute, as that rarely works out，” he said in a statement. “But beyond that, you also want to be careful not to buy too early.”
Still, that’s easier said than done. Finding the most cost－efficient time to book is tough. Luckily, somebody did the math—so you don’t have to. Data crunchers from the online travel agency CheapAir.com surveyed over 917 million fares to determine the day with the cheapest rates.
Here’s what they found: while prices tend to stay the same between 320 and 106 days before a trip, they start dropping at the 105－day mark. That said, you might be tempted to book the moment prices drop. But hold on! You’ll save even more money by booking precisely 70 days before your trip. According to CheapAir.com, you can save 48 percent of the ticket’s total cost by using this trick. After that date, airfares will begin to increase again. And don’t even think about booking any later than 20 days ahead of time, as prices will be soaring.
So, what are you waiting for? Start planning your next dream vacation, and book accordingly. Your wallet will thank you—guaranteed.
1．When can we book our plane tickets to save the most money?
A．The later, the better.
B．As early as possible.
C．105 days before our trip.
D．70 days before our trip.
2．How much can the trick help us save if the ticket costs $400 totally?
A．$48. B．$192.
C．$208. D．$352.
3．What’s the purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To explain what a “sweet spot” is.
B．To attract people to traveling by plane.
C．To show the ways of booking plane tickets.
D．To tell people how to buy cheap plane tickets.
B
Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.
The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children, and for writing books for young people that covered different subjects.“Myers has written about all those subjects with deep understanding and a hardwon, qualified sense of hope，” said Leonard S. Marcus in 2008.
He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence Dean and Herbert after his mother died while giving birth to his younger sister. They loved him very much and his mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.
He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him.“It’s what you do，” she said.
He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service, he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.
In an essay published in The New York Times earlier this year, Myers described how a short story by James Arthur Baldwin helped change the course of his life.“I didn’t love the story, but I was lifted by it，” he wrote，“for it took place in Harlem, and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. By humanizing the people who were like me, Baldwin’s story also humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”
“I write books for the troubled boy I once was,” he wrote, “and for the boy who lives within me still.”
4．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．How popular Myers was.
B．How Myers became successful.
C．What makes Myers’ works popular.
D．What people think of Myers’ works.
5．Who discovered Myers’ writing talent?
A．James Arthur Baldwin. B．His mother.
C．Leonard S. Marcus. D．One of his teachers.
6．What does the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Productive. B．Unfortunate.
C．Conservative. D．Humorous.
7．Why was the short story by James Arthur Baldwin so important for Myers?
A．It helped him survive the dark period.
B．It inspired him to pursue his writing career.
C．He learned many writing techniques from it.
D．The author of the story permitted him to write.
C
Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “man’s best friend” and the world’s favourite pet? If you have, then you’re not alone. When and where dogs first began living side by side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans. They came into human lives about 15, 000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.
Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs’ and not wolves’ date from 14, 000 years ago. However, 30, 000yearold skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves’ and some scientists think could be dogs’．
With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It’s even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30, 000yearold skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.
Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.
But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.
8．Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?
A．Dogs originally were used as farm animals.
B．Dogs evolved from wolves found in Europe.
C．Dogs helped the development of agriculture.
D．Dogs were the first animal to be kept as pets.
9．Why does the writer first mention the 30, 000yearold animals’ skulls?
A．To show that dogs were much larger in the past.
B．To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves.
C．To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier.
D．To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium.
10．How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?
A．By analyzing the age of their bones.
B．By examining the animals’ DNA.
C．By studying the shape of their skulls.
D．By comparing them with modern dogs.
11．Why did dogs start living with humans?
A．Because they were attracted by food.
B．Because they were trapped by humans.
C．Because they couldn’t survive in the wild.
D．Because they were trained to protect villages.
D
Most dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural(神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
12．What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
13．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
14．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
15．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands. B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell. D．Encourage faster learning.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
From sports teams to movie characters, we love supporting the weak.While that’s inspiring for a film or a story, it can be hard to remain positive when you’re experiencing a struggle. It’s said that what is most personal is most universal. 16.________ Here are some important reasons why you should share your story of struggles.
You can shine a light for others. 17.________ Sometimes, that’s all someone needs to get through a difficult time.You can help even more by applying ideas and solutions creatively to their own problems.
18．________ It’s uncomfortable to admit to others your failures, struggles or other moments of weakness.That’s true for everyone yet opening yourself up to moments of weakness is surprisingly satisfying.It requires courage and being courageous requires practice.
People will support you.19.________ We all do.So why not share the ways you’ve faced great difficulty and bounced back？If no one knows your struggles then they’ll never know to cheer for you or what you’ve overcome to reach where you are today.
Another great aspect of sharing your story is that it helps you remember the lesson you learned.20.________ Understanding what happened and how you handled situations can provide you with the ways clearly on how to do things better and move forward.You can also share key experience alongside your story so others can learn, too.
A．It helps you find your voice.
B．You love a good comeback story.
C．It allows you to practice courage.
D．You can objectively analyze your own past.
E．That’s why your story can bring much value.
F．Be open with the world about the good and the bad.
G．Sharing your story will help them realize they aren’t alone.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节， 满分45分)
第一节(共20小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分30分)
阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My least favorite part was participating in sport meets, for I loved running by myself. When faced with running against fellow athletes, I was __21__. I had butterflies in my stomach and the sudden urge to go to the nearest __22__. This year, __23__， I was encouraged to join in a running competition by my coach.
The 800meter event was approaching, meaning that I would __24__ soon. I breathed deeply and tried to __25__ my worries. I walked over to some of the __26__ who would run with me and started to __27__ with them. We were all loosening up and getting ready to run as __28__ as possible.
I stepped up to the line for the event. The starter raised his starting gun and __29__. About twentyfive runners __30__. With these runners around me, I __31__ my coach’s words, “You may be small, but you have __32__ power.” So, I kept up with athletes twice my __33__. I picked up the runner in seventh place and based my steps on him, making it a little bit faster. One by one, I __34__ to make it to the top four, bursting around the lap.
It was the last lap before the final straightaway. I __35__ I had the possibility to win. So I widened my steps, speeding up my __36__. I caught up with the runner in first place and we ran side by side down the last 100 meters—I __37__ him by a hair at the finishing line.
My coach gave me a __38__ hug as I headed back to see him. He was __39__ because I had shortened my original __40__ by twelve seconds at least.
21. A. shocked B．nervous
C. comfortable D．brave
22．A. stadium B．hospital
C. bathroom D．station
23．A. however B．instead
C. otherwise D．moreover
24．A. delay B．fail
C. escape D．compete
25．A. ignore B．increase
C. form D．imagine
26．A. reporters B．judges
C. runners D．coaches
27．A. watch out B．turn back
C. get away D．warm up
28．A. smoothly B．rapidly
C. calmly D．patiently
29．A. returned B．withdrew
C. screamed D．fired
30．A. took off B．set down
C. looked on D．went about
31．A. challenged B．recalled
C. forgot D．adapted
32．A. exact B．great
C. practical D．suitable
33．A. pressure B．salary
C. size D．age
34．A. offered B．pretended
C. regretted D．managed
35．A. claimed B．heard
C. supposed D．remembered
36．A. speech B．mind
C. fight D．pace
37．A. beat B．pushed
C. dragged D．followed
38．A. soft B．cautious
C. firm D．slight
39．A. excited B．disappointed
C. relaxed D．depressed
40．A. distance B．time
C. lap D．Step
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on 41.____________(sun) weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts(烟头) 42.____________ (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.
One thing that really annoys me is that I see 43.____________(tour) who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place 44.____________ it should stay—the trash can.Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 45.____________ pretend that it’s not there.
The dogs or the fish are not to blame 46.____________ it. It’s our fault and we must blame 47.____________ (we)．Everyone has to do his or her part 48.____________(solve) this problem. It can’t be difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do. First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches. We could also form organizations that help clean up our beaches. More 49.____________ (important), we need to start now before the beaches 50.____________(damage) beyond repair.
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题； 每小题1分， 满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、 删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改： 在错的词下画一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.Apart from the convenient public transportation, our private car will make your visit easy.Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble communicate with them.Above all，they hosted the American student last year，through that they
gained lots of experience.In addition to，the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Charlie对中国文化很感兴趣。他和家人将于今年农历新年来中国旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件。
内容：1.欢迎他们来中国；
2．旅行前的准备。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Charlie，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
赢战2020高考英语百日冲刺卷18答案详解
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读理解A
【解题导语】 本文介绍了购买便宜飞机票的方法和策略。
1．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容尤其是第四句“You’ll save even more money by booking precisely 70 days before your trip.”可知，旅行前第70天预订机票节省的钱最多，故选D。
2．B 解析：数字计算题。根据第四段第五句“According to CheapAir.com, you can save 48 percent of the ticket’s total cost by using this trick.”，并结合题干可知，原价是400美元的飞机票总共可以节省：$400×48%＝$192，故选B。
3．D 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“When traveling on a budget, every dollar counts.”和对本文的整体理解可推知，本文的主要目的在于介绍购买便宜飞机票的策略和方法，故选D。
阅读理解B
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家Walter Dean Myers的生平。
4．C 解析：段落大意题。通读该段可知，该段首句“The prolific author...covered different subjects.”为该段主题句，结合该段其他内容可知，这位多产的作家因其对非裔美国儿童生活的生动描述，以及为年轻人写的涉及不同话题的书籍而深受喜爱。由此可知，该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故C项正确。
5．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him.”可知，他在高中时写作就很好，一位英语老师认识到这一点并建议他无论发生什么事都要坚持写下去。据此可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位英语老师发现的，故D项正确。
6．A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.”可知，Walter Dean Myers 写了100多本儿童和年轻人读物，并获得了许多最高奖项。由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家。productive意为“多产的”，故A项正确。B项意为“不幸的”，C项意为“守旧的”，D项意为“幽默的”，都与语境不符。
7．B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“how a short story ...the course of his life”以及本段最后一句“The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”可知，Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求他自己的写作事业，故B项正确。
阅读理解C
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，狗是从狼驯养而来的，早在大约一万五千年之前狗就进入了我们的生活。科学家通过分析DNA去查证狗最初是在何时何地被驯养的。
8．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There are a few hard facts that all agree on.These include that...the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans.” 可知，狗是第一种被人类驯养成宠物的动物，故D项正确。
9．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“However，30, 000yearold skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves’ and some scientists think could be dogs’．”可知，在法国和比利时已经发现了三万年前的头骨，它们不完全是狼的，科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。而第二段第二句表示最早发现的狗骨头是14 000 年前的，据此可推知，该处提及三万年前的头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早，故C项正确。
10．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones”可知，科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断阿拉斯加狗的起源的，故B项正确。
11．A 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第二句“The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out.”可知，最近的一种说法是，狗是自己驯养自己的，最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围，吃人们扔掉的食物。据此可推知，狗和人生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引，故A项正确。
阅读理解D
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。
12．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明，“人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。
13．B 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。
14．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。
15．C 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。
第二节 阅读七选五
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了与他人分享你的奋斗故事的原因。
16．E 解析：承接上文“It’s said that what is most personal is most universal.”，并与下文“Here are some important reasons why you should share your story of struggles.”相呼应，E项“这就是你的故事能带来很多价值的原因”符合语境，所以选E项。
17．G 解析：根据下文“Sometimes, that’s all someone needs to get through a difficult time.”，并结合上文“You can shine a light for others.”可推知，分享你的故事有助于他人产生共鸣，所以选G项。
18．C 解析：根据下文中的“It requires courage and being courageous requires practice.”可 推知，本段主要讲述的是分享你的故事有助于训练自己的勇气，所以选C项。
19．B 解析：根据下文“We all do. So why not share the ways you’ve faced great difficulty and bounced back？”可推知，人们都喜欢东山再起的故事，所以不如将你面临很大困难却能重整旗鼓的方法分享给别人，所以选B项。
20．D 解析：根据下文“Understanding what happened and how you handled situations can provide you with the ways clearly on how to do things better and move forward.”可推知，分享你的故事有助于客观地分析自己的过去，从而总结经验、吸取教训，所以选D项。
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者以前喜欢一个人跑步，最不爱参加运动会，但是今年作者努力尝试参加了跑步比赛。
21．B 解析：根据上文中的“for I loved running by myself”以及空后的“I had butterflies in my stomach”可知，当作者与运动员同伴赛跑时，作者很紧张。
22．C 解析：根据该句中的“I had butterflies in my stomach”并结合选项和常识可推知，作者和其他人一起跑步时很紧张，会突然急切地想去最近的洗手间。
23．A 解析：空处所在句表示今年教练鼓励作者去参加跑步比赛，与上文内容形成转折，所以用however“然而”。
24．D 解析：根据空前的“The 800meter event was approaching”可知,作者很快将参加比赛。
25．A 解析：根据语境可知，作者深呼吸并试图忽略自己的担忧。
26．C 解析：根据语境和“who would run with me”可知，作者走向一些将和他一起跑步的跑步者，开始和他们一起热身。
27．D 解析：参见上题解析。
28．B 解析：根据空前的“We were all...to run”并结合常识可知，我们都准备好尽可能快地奔跑。
29．D 解析：根据语境可知，发令员举起发令枪，开枪(示意起跑)。
30．A 解析：根据上文可知，发令员开枪示意起跑，大约25名赛跑者出发了。
31．B 解析：根据语境可知，被这些赛跑者包围，作者想起了教练的话。
32．B 解析：根据空前的“You may be small, but”并结合语境可知，此处表示你或许弱小，但你拥有巨大的力量。
33．C 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，作者与两倍于自己体格的运动员齐头并进。
34．D 解析：根据空后的“make it to the top four”可知，作者设法跑进了前四名。
35．C 解析：根据上文中的“the last lap”可知，作者认为自己有获胜的可能。
36．D 解析：根据空前的“So I widened my steps”可知，作者跨大步子，加快了速度。
37．A 解析：根据语境可知，作者追上了第一名，并和他肩并肩跑完了最后的100米，在终点线以微弱的优势赢了他。
38．C 解析：根据上文内容可知，作者在赛跑中取得了第一名，当他回去看教练时，教练给了作者一个坚实的拥抱。
39．A 解析：根据语境可知，教练很兴奋，因为作者比自己原先的(跑步)时间至少缩短了12秒。
40．B 解析：参见上题解析。
第二节语法填空
【解题导语】 本文主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。
41．sunny 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故此处用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。
42．buried 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。
43．tourists 解析：考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数形式，故此处用名词复数形式。
44．where 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the place，故填where。
45．but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。
46．for 解析：考查介词。此处考查固定词组be to blame for sth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。
47．ourselves 解析：考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。
48．to solve 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式表目的。
49．importantly 解析：考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly修饰整个句子。
50．are damaged 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知， damage和主语the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错答案：
Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation， private car will make your visit easy. Because all the family members can speak English and have outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble with them. Above all，they hosted American student last year，through they gained lots of experience. In addition ，the cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 书面表达
参考范文:
Dear Charlie，
I’m delighted to know you are coming to China with your family during the Chinese Lunar New Year, which is a great chance for you to experience Chinese culture personally. Here I am writing to offer you some advice.
It would be a good idea if you could make some preparations before your travel. First of all, learn some simple Chinese, especially the daily expressions, which makes it easier for you to communicate with the locals wherever you go. Besides, to get yourself familiar with some Chinese local customs and traditions may help you behave properly during your stay.
I hope you will find my advice helpful. Wish you a pleasant journey in China.
Yours，
Li Hua
相关资料
更多
