必修1 Unit5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

必修1 Unit5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. In terms of this matter, I’d like to listen to other different opinions．
2. They managed to escape from the burning building by breaking down the door.
3. People at home and abroad condemned the violence in Hongkong. 
4. Surely, people prefer products of better quality, though they often cost much more.
5. Encourage students to take an active part in class discussion. 
6. In that case, you’d better turn to a lawyer for legal advice. 
7. He was always generous in sharing his enormous knowledge. 
8. When a plant is under attack (袭击), it sends out certain chemicals. 
9. It is unfair that he gets very little reward (报酬) for his hard work. 
10. I refuse to lie about it, because it’s against my principle (原则). 
11. We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote (投票) on it. 
12. We can never put up with such cruelty (残忍) to animals. 

Ⅱ.单句填空

1. Tom is a warm­hearted young man and is willing to help people in need while his brother is so cruel and mean that he is unwilling to help anyone.(willing)
2. As far as I’m concerned, it does serious harm to children’s character that too much violent behaviour is shown on television. What’s worse, violence on TV makes people behave violently (violent)
3. I was once hopeless about my lessons, but I hoped for progress, so I hopefully asked my teacher for help. It was his encouragement and instruction that made me improve greatly and now I’m hopeful about my future. (hope)
4. It’s good for elderly people to be actively (active) involved in community service.
5. He received a heavy sentence for his part in the crime.= He was sentenced to prison heavily for his part in the crime.(sentence) 
6. A campaign was launched to stop the illegal (legal) sale of cigarettes to children under 16. 
7. Tsinghua University, founded (found) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China. 
8. Maggie thought it was unfair (fair) that women were not allowed to receive education. 
9. The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to his cause.(devote) 
10. All men are born equal, so every one hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal) 
11. Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other. 
12. Children need to education (educate) on the dangers of drug-taking. 
13. We were lucky to escape punishment/being punished (punish). 

Ⅲ.短语检测

1. The city police set up (设置) roadblocks to check passing vehicles. 
2. Having been out of work (失业) for months, he is having a really rough time. 
3. We should never laugh at those in trouble (处于困境). On the contrary, we should try our best to help them. 
4. He pretends to be making comments on the drawing, but as a matter of fact / in fact (事实上), he knows nothing about art.
5. The man was sentenced to (被判处) five years in prison because he blew up the government building.
6. We would be grateful for (感恩于) any information you can give us. 
7. We know who we can depend on in our lives and turn to (求助于) them when we need help.
8. The building was blown up/blew up (爆炸) yesterday and the police began to look into it. 
9. After he came to power (上台), he carried out a series of reforms. 
10. Don’t lose heart (灰心)! Try again and you will get what you want. 

Ⅳ.重点句型

1. I thought her nice and honest the first time (第一次) I met her. 
2. My hometown has seen (see) the great changes in the past 20 years.
3. Only when he was put in prison did he realize (他才意识到) he had been wrong. 
4. Finally, the factory reached a stage where the product could be made in large amounts. 
5. —Sorry, mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it’s too bad. You should have made (本应该做) full preparations. 

6. They were in so desperate a situation that they would turn to whoever(向任何人) could help them out of the trouble. 

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

   When Elias first met Mandela, he was in 1. a very difficult period of his life. After he got a job, he was worried about being out of work 2. because  he didn’t have a passbook. Then Mandela, who offered guidance to poor black people 3. on  their legal problems, told him what 4. to do (do) and helped him. At that time, black people couldn’t vote or choose their leaders, 5. or  get the jobs they wanted. They had to live in the parts of town 6. that/which were decided by white people. With the help of Mandela they chose to attack the laws and they also 7. fought (fight) against the white people with 8. violence  (violent).In 1963 he helped blow 9. up some government buildings. It was 10. dangerous (danger) for him, but he knew it was to achieve the dream of making black and white people equal.

必修1 Unit5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

提升练

I. 阅读理解

A

【2017浙江卷】Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.

   The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.

   The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had  ever  seen. In 1747,when Benjamin  was nine years old,Mr. Pennington returned for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked  Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.

   In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. Williams well-known painter, came to see him work . Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home .The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,” Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.

1. What is the text mainly about?

A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.

B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.

C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.

D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.

2. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?

A. The cat would be closely watched.

B. The cat would get some medical care.

C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.

D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.

3. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?

A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.

B. He provided him with painting materials.

C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.

D. He taught him how to make engravings.

4. Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to         .

A. master the use of paints

B. appreciate landscape paintings

C. get to know other painters

D. make up his mind to be a painter

B

【2018全国III卷】While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.

   Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.

   Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.

   The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.

   Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).

Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.

   Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said.

   “Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,” he said.

   “Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,” said Wang.

   The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.

5. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are            .

A. following the latest world trend    B. getting international recognition

C. working harder than ever before   D. relying on foreign architects

6. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?

A. Its hilly environment.      B. Its large size.

C. Its unique style.       D. Its diverse functions.

7. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?

A. The mixture of different shapes.   B. The balance of East and West.

C. The use of popular techniques.    D. The harmony of old and new.

8. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?

A. Spread them to the world.        B. Preserve them at museums.

C. Teach them in universities.        D. Recreate them in practice.

C

【2018浙江卷】In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.

    In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.

   How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.

9. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?

A. They were difficult to understand.

B. They were popular among the rich.

C. They were seen as nearly worthless.

D. They were written mostly by women.

10. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress        .

A. his reputation in France

B. his interest in modern art

C. his success in publication

D. his importance in literature

11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A. To remember a great writer.

B. To introduce an English novel.

C. To encourage studies on culture.

D. To promote values of the Victorian age.

D

【2019北京卷】Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13,her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth,instead of destroying them.

   It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.

   With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.

   Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell  Moore’s product-Cancandy.

   As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.

   Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.

12. How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?

A. She argued with him.    B. She tried to find a way out.

C. She paid no attention.    D. She chose to consult dentists.

13. What is special about CanCandy?

A. It is beneficial to dental health.  B. It is free of sweeteners.

C. It is sweeter than other candies.  D. It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.

14. What does Moore expect from her business?

A. To earn more money.    B. To help others find smiles.

C. To make herself stand out.   D. To beat other candy companies.

15. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story?

A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.

B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.

C. Positive thinking and action result in success.

D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied

Ⅱ.完形填空

【2020兰州实战模拟】 Every family goes through its ups and downs. Most often, the root cause of this situation is the lack of communication.   16  .

   Lack of patience can be one of the biggest factors. If people  are not patient with their parents or children or other members,  the levels of closeness will be weakened. And it can be quite  difficult for a bad－tempered child, or even a bad－tempered parent   to deal with the problems.

   Lack of time for family members is always a reason leading to the problems.   17  . In order to survive, everyone must focus all their attention on the work, so they do not have enough time to have a good talk with others.

   Lack of discipline is the worst problem in terms of children.   18  .  It is known that most parents want to control the children, even their children get older, which can lead to a constantly disharmonious atmosphere within the family.

   If the solutions to the problems are OK, all these problems can be easily solved. If lack of patience is one of the problems, obviously the solution is to develop the virtue of patience. You’d better hear out what the children have to say on a certain matter, or even consult them about their significant ideas.   19  .

   It would be natural to see childish behavior of the younger members of a family but it is up to the elders to control the atmosphere and keep it calm.  20  .

   The above are some of the most common problems that most families face. It is important to maintain the best relations with your family, because family is the strongest support system for you.

A．Everyone has a say in each family meeting

B．By doing this, you can avoid a coming quarrel

C．A badly behaved child can ruin the peace of a family

D．The elders should talk things out instead of keeping silent

E．Don’t discuss the family problems when you’re still feeling upset

F．With the development of society, all people face fierce challenge and competition

G．There are some common factors that lead to communication problems in the family

Ⅲ.语法填空

【2020合肥市高三调研性检测】A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures Together

   When Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in 21.         (celebrate). Kambugu, who works for the Standard Chartered Bank(StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86,000 employees around the world who had attempted 22.         (take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative(“一带一路”倡议) is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his co－workers in StanChart’s offices around the world visited 44 destinations along  the Belt and Road routes, 23.          helped them understand the initiative better.

   Kambugu 24.    (witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 25.     better in East Africa so far.“The Mombasa－Nairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20,000 jobs for local people in Kenya,” he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said 26.         she had seen during her journey impressed 27.         (she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it 28.         (fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.

   “By running together, we run further,” added Therese Neo, a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries 29.         (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the 30.          (runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.