必修3 Unit5 Canada—The True North（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

必修3 Unit5 Canada—“The True North”基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写Dear passengers, the captain and crew welcome you aboard this ship.  Most people prefer to live in urban areas, for it brings much convenience.  The new teacher made a good impression on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.  At present the local government is taking measures to reduce the pollution.Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.  Passengers checked their baggage before boarding on the plane.I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the Chinese culture.Mr Smith took a lot of baggage (行李) with him, so a porter came up to give him a hand.Xiamen University, located on a beautiful island, has a wonderful environment and charming scenery (景色)．All the injured have been rushed to the hospital nearby (附近).  Most patients die within (在……之内) a year of becoming infected with the virus.  Further to our letter of June 7th, we can now confirm (确认) that the five rooms you requested are available.  The man that survived the earthquake was slightly (稍微) better yesterday.  China is the world’s most populous country with a population of 1.3 billion, which makes up approximately (大约) a quarter of the world population.  Ⅱ.单句填空When they saw the terrifying scene, everyone on the spot felt terrified and couldn’t say a word. (terrify)So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad. To tell you the truth, I am deeply impressed by its beautiful scenery. (impress) As a famous pop star, he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding cities. And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers. (surround)Do you know the history of the bridge measures (measure) as long as 200 years?  Travel has broadened (broad) my vision and knowledge of the world.  Although the new road is being used, it has not yet been officially (official) opened.  My house is within walking distance (distant) of my university.  Many people suffered from a cultural (culture) shock when they came abroad.  Believe it or not, my brother Tom has chatted (chat) with his pen pal online for nearly three hours so far.  Life is a mixture (mix) of good times and bad times, and happy moments and unhappy moments.   Ⅲ.短语检测The cooking is amazing and you really have a gift for (对……有天赋) food.  Having to cover a long distance on the day, they decided to start at dawn (在黎明时).  I can be surrounded with/by (被……包围) a sea of people and still feel all alone.  Are you ever going to settle down (定居下来) and get married?  The prisoner managed to (设法) escape by diving into the river.  Rather than (与其) criticize your husband, why not find out if there is something wrong?  As she stood up, she caught sight of (看见) her reflection in the mirror.  Seen from the top of the mountain, the building is quite small in the distance (在远处).  In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled as far as (远至) the local market.  Let’s go downtown (到商业中心去) and pick up some fashionable clothes for you.  Now that there is little time left, we should settle down to dealing (deal) with something really urgent. Ⅳ.重点句型In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers travelled as far as (远至) the local market.It is those who are willing to give rather than take/receive (而不是索取) that deserve to be respected.Twenty out of the seventy passengers aboard the plane are reported have survived (survive) the crash but the news has not been confirmed by the officials concerned.  The population of China is larger than that of any other country (比其他任何国家的人口都多) in the world.The two girls sat on the grass face to face, chatting (chat) with each other happily.They saw the covered (cover) stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. The children went home from the grammar school, with their lessons finished (finish) for the day.  There are so many tall trees in the forest, some of them measuring (measure) 50 metres.  Mary left a message with me for you that she won’t be able to see you off this afternoon.  Ⅴ.课文语法填空   Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada 1.to visit (visit) their cousins on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they took the train from west to east across Canada. The thought 2.that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.     Canada is the second 3.bigger (big) country in the world. People say Vancouver is Canada’s most beautiful city 4.surrounded (surround) by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. On the coast north of Vancouver, it is 5.so wet there that the trees are extremely tall.     That afternoon after boarding the train, the cousins settled down in 6.their (they) seats. They knew cowboys from all over the world 7.competed (compete) in the Stampede. Many cowboys had a gift for riding wild 8.horses (horse). They also learned that most Canadians lived 9.within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border and that Canada’s population was only 10.slightly (slight) over thirty million.  必修3 Unit5 Canada—“The True North”提升练I. 阅读理解A【2017浙江卷】FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.   Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.   Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.   Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.   Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy.   Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，首先向我们呈现出这样一种现象: - -位叫Svetlana Cojochru 的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利,她必须进行语言测试;接着向我们阐述对外来民进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cojochru的居住现状:工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。1. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?A. To continue to stay in Italy.      B. To teach her children Italian.C. To find a better job in Italy.      D. To better mix with the Italians.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题，根据第一段第二句“but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test…”可知，Cojochru为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A.2. Some people worry that the new language requirement may         .A. reduce Italy’s population quickly     B. cause conflicts among peopleC. lead to financial difficulties         D. put pressure on schools【答案】B【解析】推理判断题，根据第三段第一句“,such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration”,可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会造成人与人之间的不包容，即冲突，故选B.3. What do we know about Cojochru?A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.D. She wishes to go back to her home country.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句“,even though she ‘s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently”可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工作，故选C.B【2018全国Ⅲ卷】 Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.   Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.   But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。4. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A. Its business culture.B. Its small population.C. Its geographical position.D. Its favourable climate.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。5. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.B. One out of five people got rich.C. Almost everyone gave up.D. Half of them died.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。6. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A. They found the city too crowded.B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C. They were unable to stand the winter.D. They were short of food.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。7. What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。C【2019浙江卷】California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).   The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.    Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).   Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，根据一项研究表明，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，气候变化似乎是其主要因素。8. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。9. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，故选D。10. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, …, and earlier snowmelt, …可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的融雪，故选C。11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A符合题意。D【山西省太原市第五中学2020年高三下学期阶段性考试】 Friends always ask why I, a middle-aged woman with no athletic talent, travel to perilous places — the jungles of Thailand or Borneo, for example, where the water is often unsafe and the food risky; places with infectious diseases, poisonous snakes and the wildest animals; some places where the locals are just a few generations past headhunting.   I never know how to answer. My travel decisions assumed a new gravity nine years ago after I suffered a stroke. To prevent another stroke, my doctors told me, I’d have to take dangerously high levels of blood thinner (血液稀释剂) for the rest of my life and any travel would be risky.   I had to think about what was important to me: family, of course, and friends. But then what? No matter how many times I thought about it, no bucket list was complete without travel. Then I had to decide how I might manage the risk. I had to decide how lucky I felt.   My return to travel after my stroke came in baby steps. The first real test of my travel courage came nine months after my stroke when I joined my husband, Jack, on a business trip to China. After we’d toured the remains of a Tang dynasty temple on a high mountain, Jack wanted to ride down on a toboggan (长雪橇).   Before the stroke it would’ve seemed like fun. But now? I hesitated. My mental klaxon (高音喇叭) screamed warnings about the consequences of a cut, a fall, and a crash. Then, gaining confidence from who knows where, I lowered myself carefully into the toboggan, which marked my adventure travel comeback.   In the years since then, I’ve traveled about twenty-five percent of the time. Through it all, my lucks held out — no deadly falls, no car accidents or serious infections. For me, adventure travel is a risk worth taking. Travel broadens my world and keeps me connected to nature. What’s more, saying “yes” to travel keeps me connected to myself.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是去中国的一次旅行。12. What does the underlined word “perilous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Unique.  B. Dangerous.  C. Historical.  D. Famous.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中the jungles of Thailand or Borneo, for example, where the water is often unsafe and the food risky; places with infectious diseases, poisonous snakes and the wildest animals; some places where the locals are just a few generations past headhunting.“例如，泰国或婆罗洲的丛林，那里的水往往不安全，食物也很危险;有传染病、毒蛇和野生动物的场所;有些地方的本地人刚刚过了猎头的时代。”可推知划线词的意思是“危险的”。故选B。13. What did the doctors advise the author to do?A. Do proper exercise.    B. Enjoy the rest of her life.C. Keep away from traveling.   D. Spend more time with her family.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中To prevent another stroke, my doctors told me, I’d have to take dangerously high levels of blood thinner (血液稀释剂) for the rest of my life and any travel would be risky.“我的医生告诉我，为了防止再次中风，我的余生都必须服用高剂量的危险血液稀释剂，任何旅行都是有风险的。”可知，医生建议作者远离旅行。故选C。14. Why did the author mention her travel to China?A. It was her last adventure.B. She recovered her courage through it.C. She liked the beautiful scenery in China.D. It was the most dangerous experience in her life.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中The first real test of my travel courage came nine months after my stroke when I joined my husband, Jack, on a business trip to China.“中风九个月后，我和丈夫杰克一起去中国出差，这是对我旅行勇气的第一次真正考验。”可知，作者之所以提到她的中国之行是因为她通过这件事恢复了勇气。故选B。15. What is the best title for the text?A. A business trip to China   B. Unique travel experiencesC. Why I still travel to the wild  D. How I overcame the fear of disease【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中For me, adventure travel is a risk worth taking. Travel broadens my world and keeps me connected to nature. What’s more, saying “yes” to travel keeps me connected to myself.“对我来说，冒险旅行是值得冒险的。旅行开阔了我的世界，使我与大自然保持联系。更重要的是，对旅行说“是”让我和自己保持联系。”可知，本文讲述的是去中国的一次旅行。故选C。II. 阅读七选五【2019江西七校联考】 The rules about how to talk, eat and sit, which are highly limited, are observed in most Western restaurants and homes.  16   Many Westerners have no idea how to act at the Chinese dinner table. No forks or knives for them to use! The Chinese host makes great, sweeping arm movements that go over large sections of the table, passing over both food and friends alike.  17   However, it leaves many foreigners at a loss for what to do.   In my childhood home, dinner was enjoyed with low voices, and the topics that we could discuss were very limited.  18   If I had to leave the table to use the toilet, I had to excuse myself without mentioning what it was that I was going to do.“May I be excused, please? I need to wash my hands.” I would say. My mother would say, “Sure.” My father would often play a joke on me by saying, “  19  ”   As for eating, we did it quietly. No eating noises were allowed. Everything must be done as quietly as possible. If any sound was created by eating food or drinking, it would be considered as bad manners!     20  He is to sit up straight with the recessive hand (usually the left) in one’s lap holding a napkin while the dominant hand (usually the right) holds the fork or spoon. The only time one is allowed to have both hands on the table is when he is using a knife to cut something.A．How one sits at the table is also prescribed (规定)．B．We were not allowed to talk about anything that made listeners uncomfortable.C．Can’t you think up a better excuse than that?D．They’re completely different from what we find here in China.E．Your hands don’t look dirty!F．The scene is fantastic.G．In general they were all strictly forbidden topics.【答案】16-20 DFBEA【解析】 本文属于说明文，介绍了东西方在餐桌礼仪上的区别及差异。16. D  根据横线后句“Many Westerners have no idea how to act at the Chinese dinner table.” 可知西方人对于中国的餐桌礼仪一点也不清楚，这说明中西方餐桌礼仪差别很大。故D项 “They’re completely different from what we find here in China.” 正确。17. F  横线前句“The Chinese host makes great, sweeping arm movements that go over large sections of the table, passing over both food and friends alike.” 描述中国人吃饭的情景。在西方人看来，这样的场景是怪异的。故F项“The scene is fantastic.” 符合上下文语境。18. B  横线前句“In my childhood home, dinner was enjoyed with low voices, and the topics that we could discuss were very limited.” 中作者介绍了自己小时候吃饭的时候，很少说话，讨论的话题也受限制。故B项 “We were not allowed to talk about anything that made listeners uncomfortable.” 符合上下文语境。19. E 当“我”要去厕所的时候，妈妈总是同意，而父亲会和“我”开玩笑。E项“Your hands don’t 1ook dirty!” 恰好是父亲和“我” 开玩笑的内容。故E 项符合上下文语境。20. A 根据横线后句 “He is to sit up straight with the recessive hand (usually the 1eft) in one’s lap holding a napkin while the dominant hand (usually the right) holds the fork or spoon.” 可知在西方吃饭的时候对一个人的坐姿也是有规定的。故A项 “How one sits at the table is also prescribed (规定). 人在桌边的坐姿也是有规则的。” 符合本段中心思想。  III.语法填空【2020贵阳市高三摸底】One night  31  winter, a bear came into the city in Vancouver, Canada. It walked through the city streets past houses, shops and offices. Then it   32   (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating. In the morning, someone saw the bear and called the police. The police came with a vet (兽医) from the city zoo. They put the bear in a lorry and took it to the mountains outside the city.   33   (lucky), the  bear was safe. But   34   happens in other countries when big animals come into cities? In Vancouver it is unusual    35    (see) a bear, but in some cities you can see big animals on the  city streets every day.   Big animals usually come into cities to find food. In Cape  Town in South Africa baboons (狒狒) come into the city when  they are    36    (hunger). Human food is very bad for the  baboons’    37    (tooth) because it has a lot of sugar. Now, there are Baboon Monitors working in Cape Town.    38    (they) job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.   In Berlin, Germany, pigs sometimes come into the city for food. They eat flowers and plants in parks and gardens. Sometimes they eat vegetables from gardens    39    they walk in the street, causing accidents. Some people like the pigs and they give them food and water. Other people do not like the pigs and they want the government and the police to prevent them    40    (enter) the city.【答案】 31. in  32. found  33. Luckily  34. what   35. to see   36. hungry 37. teeth   38. Their  39. and   40. entering【解析】本文主要讲述了三个地方对待闯入它们城市的动物(熊、狒狒、猪)的方式。31．in考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在冬天的一个晚上”，故应用介词in，表示“在(某月、某年、某季节等)”。32．found考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“One night”和本句中的“started”可知，这里讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，填found。33．Luckily考查副词。根据该空后面的逗号和句子成分可知，此处要填副词修饰整个句子，故填Luckily。34．what考查疑问句。根据该句句末的问号并结合语境可知，该句是一个疑问句，且该句子的主句缺少主语，表示“什么”，故填what。35．to see考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式，故填to see。36．hungry考查形容词。be动词后面要接形容词作表语，表明主语的状况，故填hungry。37．teeth考查名词的单复数。tooth“牙齿”为可数名词，此处表示“狒狒的牙齿”，为复数概念，故该空要填名词tooth的复数形式teeth。38．Their考查形容词性物主代词。此处指的是“Baboon Monitors”的工作，故此处要填形容词性物主代词Their。39．and考查连词。此处前后表述的内容都是猪在这个城市的行为，故填and。40．entering考查固定用法。prevent sb doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”是固定用法，故填entering。