必修5 Unit1 Great Scientists（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

必修5 Unit1 Great Scientists

基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. 【2019浙江卷】Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.
2. Zhang Daqian was one of the most famous painters in China and left us lots of excellent works.
3. She is a careful person and never draws a conclusion before carrying out research.
4. Seeing that nobody was very enthusiastic about the trip, they decided to cancel it.
5. Keller is cautious about making predictions about the success of the programme, because it is of importance. 
6. Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
7. None of us have the ability to foresee the future or predict the hurdles which lie ahead of us.
8. The Women’s Volleyball Team defeated its opponent and won another World Champion last year.
9. The problem of plastic pollution is very serious, but we haven’t found effective ways to solve it yet.
10. The man, suspected of having stolen the jewels of the shop, was missing last night.
11. At the end of their meeting, it was announced (宣布) that an agreement had been reached. 
12. If you can’t handle (处理) the job, I will get someone else to do it. 
13. The rural environment has a positive (积极的) effect on the children’s health. 
14. I want to challenge (向……挑战) him to a game of basketball. 
15. The patients are well attend (照顾) in the hospital and some of them are getting better.
16. There is a small but growing movement (运动) in America about reducing waste to zero.

Ⅱ.单句填空

1. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the base where all our ideas of the universe are built.
2. This river is so polluted (pollute) that it’s unsafe for swimming and fishing. 
3. Absorbed (absorb) in his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ash from his cigar. 
4. Always read the instructions (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
5. With these discoveries, he was able to announce with certainty that polluted (pollute) water carried the disease.
6. The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood at present, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town. (construct) 
7. The famous star has contributed a lot of money to the school and has made a great contribution to the building of the school. (contribute) 
8. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame (blame). 
9. He only had his ideas published (publish) as he lay dying (die) in 1543.
10. Children exposed (expose) to difficult situations are better at handling those challenging (challenge) tasks.
11. The smile on his face suggested that he was (be) satisfied with the result of the match.
12. Suspecting (suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.
13. In addition to his scientific (science) achievements, the man has published several collections of poems.
14. John was having lunch when he heard the announcement (announce) that he had won the first prize in the speech contest.
15. 【2019天津卷书面表达】So it would be better if you could tell us something about their painting (paint) styles and skills.
16. I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge. Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging. (challenge)

Ⅲ.短语检测

1. He is feeling down today because the suggestion he put forward (提出) has been turned down. 
2. As a matter of fact, it was his carelessness as well as laziness that contributed to/led to/resulted in (导致) his failure.
3. 【2018天津卷书面表达】The training schedule, apart from (除……之外) regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
4. At present, the team is looking into (调查) the cause of the forest fire, which caused more than 30 deaths.
5. 5.I don’t think it makes sense (有意义) to focus only on providing basic services. 
6. It is not the child but his parents who are to blame (应受责备) for this. 
7. 【2017全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】 Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will contribute to (对……做出贡献) your understanding of the poems. 
8. My father is strict with (对……要求严格) me, hoping that I can do something extraordinary in the future. 
9. The more one is exposed to (接触) the English-speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.
10. Doctor Snow suspected that the polluted water was linked to (与……有关) the disease, but he didn’t find enough evidence.

Ⅳ.重点句型

1. I suggested to him that we (should) handle (handle) the problem in another way. 
2. Neither my wife nor I myself am (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 
3. Every time/ Each time (每次) I went to see her, she was absorbed in reading. 
4. So difficult is (be) the article that I can hardly make any sense of it.
5. They bought a truckload of food and had it delivered (让人将它送到) to the church’s parking lot.
6. Only if people live in harmony with each other can we have (我们才能有) a harmonious society.

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

   John Snow was an expert physician in London. In his time cholera was a 1.deadly (dead) disease. So John Snow made up his mind to help those ordinary people 2.exposed (expose) to cholera. At that time, no one knew its cause or cure. He knew it would never be controlled 3.unless / until its cause was found. He assumed that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he gathered information and made a map, 4.marking (mark) where all the dead people had lived, 5.which turned out to be valuable. Finally he concluded that the water was 6.to blame (blame).Then John Snow looked 7.into the source of water. He found all the deaths were linked to the polluted water. So he was able to announce with 8.certainty (certain) that the polluted water carried the virus. To prevent 9.it from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies 10.be examined (examine) and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.

必修5 Unit1 Great Scientists

提升练

I. 阅读理解

A

【2020全国III卷】We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.

   On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.

   Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”

   In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.

1. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?

A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.

C. Recent findings of human origin.   D. Significance of food selection.

2. Where do the Bajau build their houses?

A. In valleys.  B. Near rivers.   C. On the beach.  D. Off the coast.

3. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?

A. They could walk on stilts all day.   B. They had a superb way of fishing.

C. They could stay long underwater.   D. They lived on both land and water.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea   B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills

C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research   D. The World’s Best Divers

B

【2020新高考全国I卷】Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.

   Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.

   Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.

   Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ‘‘Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s pretty powerful.

5. What did Jennifer do after high school?

A. She helped her dad with his work.

B. She ran the family farm on her own.

C. She supported herself through college.

D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.

6. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield?

A. To take care of her kids easily.   B. To learn from the best nurses.

C. To save money for her parents.   D. To find a well-paid job there.

7. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?

A. Her health.       B. Her time with family.

C. Her reputation.      D. Her chance of promotion.

8. What can we learn from Jenifer’s story?

A. Time is money.      B. Love breaks down barriers.

C. Hard work pays off.     D. Education is the key to success.

C

【2019山东省临沂市三模】Scientists in Western Australia claim to have made a new discovery — they have found gold in the leaves and twigs of trees. The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground, over 30 metres down. The discovery has been described as the first of its kind in the world. Australian gold exploration companies are pleased because it will make finding gold cheaper. Rather than drilling deep holes to find gold, they have more ways to examine tree leaves and branches. There is only a tiny amount of gold in the leaves. It would take 500 trees to make one gold ring. The gold is found using a special X-ray machine owned by an Australian government agency. A pure X-ray and a powerful microscope scan the leaves and branches.

   The claim that this is the first time that gold particles(微粒)have been found in living material might not be true, though. Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals and that was thousands of years ago. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was written in a book that a certain plant grew only near deposits of gold. Over the next 2, 000 years, Chinese people wrote about different plants and how they grew, showed where minerals and precious stones such as jade, copper, lead, silver and gold were.

   Even more importantly, in the 1 000s, Su Song described how copper, gold, silver, lead and tin were observed and taken from certain plants. These were amazing scientific discoveries. Meanwhile, this knowledge was unknown in the rest of the world until about 1 600.This was when a British man realised that oak trees grew larger and greener where there was alum(明矾) in the ground. Maybe ancient Chinese has more knowledge to teach modern scientists.

9. What can we know from Paragraph 1 ?

A. 500 dead trees can make one gold ring.

B. The trees can absorb the gold from deep underground.

C. Scientist have found gold 30 meters below underground.

D. The companies find it hard to find gold.

10. How do scientists find gold in the leaves?

A. By observing the leaves carefully.   B. By drilling deep holes.

C. By using a special x—ray.     D. By referring to ancient books.

11. Who first discovered that there was connection between plants and minerals?

A. Ancient Chinese people.     B. Su Song.

C. Australian scientists.      D. A British man.

12. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. To introduce two great scientists in ancient times.

B. To provide more evidence to support the writer’s opinion.

C. To show how ancient people got gold from certain plants.

D. To prove that ancient Chinese has more knowledge than modern scientists.

D

【2019河南省实验中学最终模拟】Solar energy systems & power plants do not produce air pollution, water pollution, or greenhouse gases. Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect on the environment, when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment.

   However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic (光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity. Some solar thermal (保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquids to transfer heat. Leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment. U.S environmental laws regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.

   As with any type of power plant, large solar power plants can affect the environment near their locations. The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals. Some solar power plants may require water for cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling turbine generators. Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some dry locations may affect the ecosystems that depend on these water resources. In addition, the beam of concentrated sunlight a solar power tower creates can kill birds and insects that fly into the beam.

   The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many times greater than the total amount of all energy that people consume each day. However, on the surface of the earth, solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source. The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and location. Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis. The type and size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the available solar energy we can convert into useful energy.

13. Which of the following best explains “hazardous” underlined in paragraph 2?

A. inexpensive   B. dangerous  C. ineffective  D. abnormal

14. What influence can large solar power plants have on the locations?

A. Polluting the ground water.     B. Protecting the habitats of plants and animals.

C. Damaging the local natural balance.   D. Attracting birds and insects to the area.

15. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

A. Different areas receive different amount of solar energy.

B. How to convert solar energy into useful energy.

C. The relationship between solar energy collection and the sunlight.

D. Some factors that influence the amount of solar energy collection.

II. 阅读七选五

【2020新高考全国I卷】 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.   16   Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.

   People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”.   17___ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.

   Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.   18  

   Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.   19   And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.

      20   It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.

A. Do the opposite.

B. You want to be an effective public speaker.

C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.

D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.

E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience

F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners

G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.

III.语法填空

【2020全国I卷】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess     21     (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is    22    (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot    23    it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular     24     (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so   25   the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4    26     (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it     27     (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon     28     (construct)” Data about the moon’s composition, such as how     29     ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether     30     (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.