选修6 Unit5 The power of nature（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

选修6 Unit5 The power of nature

基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. 【2016全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】If not, let me know what time suits you best.
2. Only when one is in good health can he guarantee efficient learning.
3. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to develop their greatest potential.
4. The police car pulled up alongside and the police dashed towards the accident scene. 
5. His voice started to tremble and I thought he was going to cry. 
6. I would appreciate it very much if you could give us some precious (宝贵的) advice on how to improve our online English school.
7. The teacher should not evaluate (评价) his students only by their scores. 
8. According to the regulation, the winning candidate (候选人) is the person with the most votes. 
9. Seeing a crowd of people gathering ahead, she panicked (惊慌), forgetting to slam on the brakes.
10. A good command of English is absolutely (绝对) an advantage when you’re applying for voluntary work.

Ⅱ.单句填空

1. 【2014浙江】Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed  to guard her and made an appointment with the day for this Friday. (appoint)
2. This kind of cloth I bought last week washes well，and I think it’s especially suitable (suit) for children.
3. The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
4. The super star stood on the stage, waving (wave) at the excited crowds cheerfully.
5. He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety. (anxious)
6. People with an appreciation of art and literature can appreciate works of art.(appreciate)
7. The new labs are equipped with advanced equipment. (equip)
8. Do you want to evaluate your intelligence？Just complete the evaluation form below, please. (evaluate)
9. Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic. (panic)
10. Tom was badly hurt and still unconscious after the accident，but his wife was conscious and was smiling to us consciously.(conscious)
11. The reserve has tried every means to protect diversity (diverse) in nature.
12. That is the reason why many people often feel uncomfortable (comfort) in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.
13. The police hurried to the spot, only to be told (tell) the damaged car had been taken away.
14. If you have the interest to visit there, don’t forget to take a camera and you are guaranteed to enjoy (enjoy) the sights in their natural state.

Ⅲ.短语检测

1. On seeing the heavy smoke in the distance (在远处), Mr. King realized that the house was on fire.
2. Much to his sorrow, his new house beside the lake was burnt to the ground (全部焚毁) by a terrible fire.
3. Our manager glanced through (快速浏览) my report and found a spelling mistake.
4. There are many tourists making their way to (前往) the old town to enjoy its historical culture.
5. All languages change over time, and vary from place  to  (随......而不同) place because of the local accent.
6. It is believed by almost everyone that Paris is home to (是......的家园) fashion.
7. She suddenly got into a panic (陷入恐慌) and stopped her car alongside.
8. Having a gift/talent for (在……方面有天赋) language learning, my friend Li Hua has won three English-speaking contests. 

Ⅳ.重点句型

1. Having spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. 
2. Carbon dioxide is said to be hearting (heat) the earth twice as quickly as predicted. 
3. When she came to herself, she found herself lying (lie) in a strange room.
4. Tom was about to (正要) start the engine when (这时,突然) a dog appeared in front of his car. 
5. The doctors hurried to the spot, only to be told (that) (却被告知) the injured boy had been sent away to the hospital.
6. We have three large multi­media classrooms in our school, each (of which is) equipped with (配备) the newest computers.

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

   Twenty years ago I was appointed and have worked 1.  as  a volcanologist since then. The job is exciting 2.  but  occasionally dangerous. I don’t mind the danger because I help protect ordinary people 3.  from  the volcanoes. What I do is collect information for a database about Mount Kilauea, 4.  an  active volcano in Hawaii. 5.  Having collected (collect) and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 

   When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. The reason is 6.  that  no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava can bury everything in 7.  its  (it) path under the molten rock. 

   Once I was 8.  lucky  (luck) enough to have a much closer look at the volcano the day after its eruption with two other scientists. We had to wear 9. protective (protect) suits that covered our whole body. We made our way to the edge of the crater and collected some lava for 10. later  (late) study. That was my first experience. 

选修6 Unit5 The power of nature

提升练

I. 阅读理解

A

【2017全国新课标I】A build-it-yourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components(部件) required, though, are a 5×5(薄膜) sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.

   To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

   Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.

   The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.

1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?

A. It’s delicate.  B. It’s expensive.  C. It’s complex.  D. It’s portable.

2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. The tube.   B. The still.   C. The hole.   D. The cup.

3. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?

A. Dig a hole of a certain size.      B. Put the cup in place.

C. Weight the sheet’s center down.     D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.

4. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from ________.

A. the plastic tube        B. outside the hole

C. the open air           D. beneath the sheet

B

【江西名校联盟2019届高三联考】 Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard, maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”, often used in a situation---a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm?

   A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm---a single-cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main stream of current, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.

   As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum(真空) coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapor in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on larger particles(颗粒) like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.

   This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air is squeezed out at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.

   Most thunderstorms, though, don’t start with calm. That’s because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. There’s so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm, it might be really windy!

5. Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?

A. A thunderstorm with a single shape.

B. A thunderstorm without strong winds.

C. A storm with air drawn from every direction.

D. A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.

6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Warm and wet air.  B. Warm and dry air.  C. Cold and wet air.  D. Cold and dry air.

7. Which does the writer most likely agree to?

A. Presence of the calm relies on stable air.

B. All thunderstorms don’t start with the calm.

C. The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be.

D. Storm happens without air moving up and down.

8. What is the passage mainly about?

A. A brief introduction of a peaceful storm.

B. A personal experience of a heavy storm.

C. An explanation of the calm before a storm.

D. An analysis of causes and effects of a storm.

C

【2019长沙市雅礼中学高三模拟】A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world’s biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by he British Antarctic Survey( BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.

   Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68 — which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission.

   “The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change,” she said. “It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water.”

   Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, “We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there’s lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. “Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die.”

   There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, “At the current rate, the world’s ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.” However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.

9. Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?

A. To study how the iceberg was formed.

B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.

C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.

D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.

10. What do the underlined words “this one” in the fourth paragraph refer to?

A. The Larsen C ice shelf.     B. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.

C. Climate change in Antarctica.    D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.

11. What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?

A. It is as big as London.

B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.

C. It will disappear in a very short time.

D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.

12. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.

B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.

C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.

D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.

D

【2017·浙江卷】Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.

   How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.

   “More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can zxxk get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.

   Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.

13. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?

A. American kids’ sleeping habits.    B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.

C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.    D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.

14. How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?

A. 7 hours.       B. 8 hours.       C. 10 hours.   D. 18 hours.

15. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?

A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.

B. They tend to do things that excite them.

C. They follow their parents’ examples.

D. They don’t need to go to school early.

II. 阅读七选五

【2020重庆第一次调研】  Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature

   Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children’s lives, even if you live in the city.

   Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parent’s excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit.   16  . “I don’t know! Let’s find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children.

     17  . If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial.

   Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and well­being. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it.   18  ， nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.

   Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing (天体观察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.   19  .

   Plant a small garden.   20  . Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.

A. Limit electronic devices while driving

B. Encourage questions you don’t know the answers to

C. If you want to raise your healthy, well-balanced children

D. If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetables

E. It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family, togetherness

F. If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the community

G. Allow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that wonder

III. 语法填空

【2019贵阳期末检测】As the effects of global warming, rising sea levels and natural disasters become more serious    21    before, some local communities are taking action. Among them is one community in Florida    22    local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting    23    (coast) cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.

   The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested    24    (way) to address the problem. It has persuaded the state government    25    (ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended building sand dunes (沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group’s founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became   26  (gradual) clear that her state’s 27 water authorities couldn’t agree on joint (联合的) action.

   While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or   27 (cold), the people    28   (live) in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.

   At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a limited budget    29   (be) a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in    30    end.