2021届高考英语复习之真题重点词汇短语及练习（五）

2021高考英语复习之真题重点词汇短语及练习（五）
2014年全国卷I阅读理解B篇重点单词、语块
1. pigeon [ˈpɪdʒɪn] n. 鸽子2. passenger pigeons 旅鸽3. unbelievable [ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəbl] adj.难以置信的4. account [əˈkaʊnt] n. 描述；叙述5. written accounts 书面记述；文献6. describe [dɪˈskraɪb] vt. 描述7. flock [flɒk] n. (鸟)群 8. darken [ˈdɑ:kən] vt. 使变暗9. calculate [ˈkælkjuleɪt] vt. 计算；估算 10. population [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn]n. （动物的）总数11. billion [ˈbɪljən] n. 十亿12.(be) equal to 等于；相当于13.percent [pəˈsent] n. 百分之……14. abundant [əˈbʌndənt]     adj. 丰富的；充足的15. as late as 1870直到1870年16. mile [maɪl] n. 英里17. kilometer ['kɪləˌmi:tə(r)] n. 千米18. abundance [əˈbʌndəns]n. 大量；充裕19. undoing [ʌnˈdu:ɪŋ]n. 毁灭的原因20. everlasting [ˌevəˈlɑ:stɪŋ] adj. 永恒的；无穷无尽的21. supply [səˈplaɪ] n.供应；提供22. commercial [kəˈmɜ:ʃl]adj. 商业的23. hunter [ˈhʌntə(r)] n. 猎人24. attract [əˈtrækt] vt. 吸引25. clearing [ˈklɪərɪŋ] n.林中空地26. grain [greɪn] n. 谷物27. settle [ˈsetl] vi. 降落28. throw nets 撒网 29. at a time 一次30. decade [ˈdekeɪd] n. 十年31. the closing decades of the 19th century      19世纪最后的几十年32. the hardwood forests硬木森林33. nest [nest] vi. 筑巢；巢居34. damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ]vt. 毁坏；破坏35. scatter [ˈskætə(r)] vt. 驱散 36. force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事 37. temperature [ˈtemprətʃə(r)]n. 气温38. contribute [kənˈtrɪbju:t] to促成39. decline [dɪˈklaɪn] n. 减少，下降40. prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt] vt. 禁止41. sizable ['saɪzəbl] adj. 相当大的42. confirm [kənˈfɜ:m] vt. 证实43. shoot [ʃu:t] vt. 射杀44. county [ˈkaʊnti] n. 县45. for a time 有一段较短的时期46. survive [səˈvaɪv] vi. 生存；存活47. under human care 在人类的照料下48. (be) known as 被称为49. affectionately [əˈfekʃənətli] adv. 亲切地50. zoological [ˌzəʊəˈlɒdʒɪkl]adj. 动物学的
课后练习（一）Passenger pigeons (旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they  the sky for hours.It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands, Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century ,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by American’s need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.   In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wi pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time , a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.1. In the 18th and early 19teh centuries, passenger pigeons____.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the Us2. The underlined word “ undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ____.A. escape         B. ruin     C. liberation     D. evolution3. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure.                  B. To save other birds.C. To make money.                   D. To protect crops.4. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.         B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.                      D. It was strict.参考答案：DBCD课后练习（二）For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.1.The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.A.digest the meal easily B.manage without breakfastC.decide wisely what to eat D.eat whatever is offered2.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C.They could walk at an average speed.D.They had slow metabolic rates.3.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A.They successfully lost weight. B.They consumed a bit more calories.C.They burned more fat on average. D.They displayed higher insulin levels.4.What could be learned from the research?A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.答案1.B  2.A  3.B  4.D