2021届高考英语一轮复习考点01冠词考点归纳 试卷

考点01  冠词

【命题解读】

冠词是历年高考的必考点，常出现在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中。但从整套试题来看，在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。尤其在书面表达中，冠词的正确使用能为文章增色，而冠词的误用甚至少用是常见的低级错误，成为考生的一大失分点。故不论高考的考查形式如何变化，冠词仍应是高考复习的重点和难点。

【命题预测】

预计2021年的高考仍然会以考查冠词的基本用法和习惯搭配为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。

【复习建议】 

复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：

1.单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；

2.复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；

3.无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。

考向一　不定冠词

1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。

In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing.

在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。

An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.

一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。

2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。

The ＂Chinese Dream＂ is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony，peace and development.＂中国梦＂是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。

3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。

When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.

当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。

4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。

—Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.

—Sorry，but there is no such person here.

——劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。

——对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。

5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。

She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。

6.表示单位时间内的频度，含有＂每＂的概念。

The medicine is to be taken three times a day.

这药每天吃三次。

7.具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a look看一看；have a try试一试。

You had better go to the factory and have a look.

你最好到厂里去看一看。

8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费……；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常。

It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。

1. （2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.

【答案】the → a;  had → have;

【解析】考查冠词。a bowl of 意为“一碗……”，不定冠词a 在此表示泛指；had → have 考查谓语动词。根据时间状语 every morning 以及与空白处并列的谓语动词 has to 和通篇时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故将 had 改为 have。

2.（2019·新课标I卷·短文改错）Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.

【答案】 Suddenly  football fell just in front of me  almost hit me.

【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。

3. （2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.

【答案】the改为a

【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。

4.（2017·新课标1卷语法填空）As    65    result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。

5.（2017新课标3卷语法填空）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term   resting (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as   62   model in New York.

【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 ＂一个＂，故填a。

考向二　定冠词

1.用在名词前表示特指。

—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?

—Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.

——你昨天玩得开心吗？

——是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。

2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。

Do you know who invented the telephone?

你知道是谁发明了电话吗？

3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。

Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two？你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣？

4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。

Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013·陕西)

据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。

5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。

Many of the injured are still in danger.

许多受伤者仍处于危险中。

6.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight，by height等。

—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60，000 a year.

—Right，he will also get paid by the week.

——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。

——是的，而且会按周获得报酬。

7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。

The Whites settled down in Canada last year.

去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。

8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。

the east 东部　     play the piano 弹钢琴

1. （2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.

【答案】Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into ∧ pan together. 

【解析】考查冠词。Pan为可数名词，且在上文中一出现过，此处为第二次出现，特指“我”之前放油加热的“平底锅”，因此 pan前要用定冠词 the。

2.（2020·新课标II卷·语法填空）The plum trees are   70   first to flower even as the snow is melting (融 化).                                     【答案】The考查冠词。

【解析】根据空白处后面的序数词 first，可知此处应填定冠词 the。

3.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。

4. （2017年新课标2卷短文改错）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

【答案】 countryside前加the

【解析】句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。

5. （2017年新课标3卷短文改错）Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.

【答案】 picture前加the或this 

【解析】考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。

考向三　零冠词

1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。

Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.

偏远地区非常需要教师。

2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。

Dr. Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，＂A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.＂

这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。

3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。

A year can be divided into four seasons — spring，summer，autumn and winter.

一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。

4.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。

There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.

天下没有免费的午餐。

5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。

He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.

他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。

1.Dr.Peter Spence,  ____________headmaster of the school, told us, ________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.  

A. 不填；A            B.不填；The        C. the; The                                    D. a; A  

【答案】A  

【解析】句意为＂校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。＂headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a fifth表示五分之一。选A。

2.Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.   

A. /; the          B. the; /          C. an; the                                                  D. the; a  

【答案】A  

【解析】Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指，其前不用冠词； weather 这里是特指全球的气候， 根据the weather around the world 可知答案为A

考向四 冠词的位置

1. 不定冠词位置

不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：

a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，

 I have never seen such an animal.

 Many a man is fit for the job.

b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：

 It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

 So short a time.

 Too long a distance.

c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。

但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot

d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：

Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。

 当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。

2.定冠词位置

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。

All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。

学习冠词的难点

一、在特殊情况下混用a和an

　　关于a和an的一般区别，同学们可能比较清楚，也不易搞错，但是对于数字和字母前用该用不定冠词a还是an，则是许多考生可能忽略的问题。如：

　　They have an 8-year-old daughter. 他们有一个8岁大的女儿。(数字8在英语中读音与eight同，故其前用an，不用a;类似地，我们要说an 11-year-old child，不能说a 11-year-old boy。)

　　Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 我们的女儿给我们发来了再要点钱的求救信号。(字母s的读音为[es]，它的第一个音为元音，故其前要用an。)

二、＂星期＂名词前冠词的使用问题

　表示＂星期＂的名词(如Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不与冠词连用，但有时为了表示＂特指＂可以带定冠词;若表示不确定的＂某一个＂，其前可用不定冠词。如：

　　＂When can I have my birthday party?＂ ＂On the Saturday nearest to it.＂ ＂我的生日庆祝会在哪天举行?＂＂就在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。＂

　　Christmas Day falls on a Monday. 今年的圣诞节是星期一。

　　You won’t catch me working on a Sunday! 你绝对见不到我在星期日工作!

　　He never opens up shop on a Sunday. 星期日他的商店从不营业。

We had a card from her on the Friday after she got back.

在她回去后的那个星期五我们收到了她的明信片。

＂When can I have my birthday party?＂ ＂On the Saturday nearest to it.＂

＂我的生日庆祝会能在哪天举行?＂＂在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。＂

三、＂三餐饭＂前冠词的使用问题

　　一般说来，表示一日三餐的 breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠词。如：

　　Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供应到上午9点。

　　Can you manage lunch on Tuesday? 你星期二能来吃午饭吗?

　　但是，若要特指某一顿早餐、中餐或晚餐，则可在其前加定冠词。如：

　　The supper is well cooked. 晚饭做得很好。

　　Thank you for the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。

　　另外，若 breakfast, lunch, supper 受到描绘性定语的修饰，则其前通常要用不定冠词。如：

　　We make a good breakfast before leaving. 我们动身前好好吃顿早饭。

　　I’ve got out of the habit of having a cooked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃热食的习惯。

　　After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就赶到车站去了。

　　We were well primed for the journey with a large breakfast. 为了去旅行, 我们早餐都吃得饱饱的。

 ______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.

A. The ; 不填        B. A ; 不填       C. A ; the        D. The ; a

【答案】D

【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指＂获胜者的奖品＂，用定冠词，第二空是泛指＂一个两周的假期＂，用不定冠词a。故选A。

四、冠词的非前位用法

限定语与所修饰的中心名词的关系一般顺序是：冠词+表示大小尺寸的限定词+表示颜色的限定词+表示原材料的限定词+中心名词。但在某些固定结构中，冠词放在了形容词之后。

1.Peter won’t drive us to the station. He has________ to take us all.

A. a very small car                     B. too small a car

C. a too small car                  D. such a small car

【答案】B

【解析】C迷惑性较大，学生都学过too +adj./adv. +to…结构，但对于too +adj.+n.+to…结构不熟悉。

解题方法与技巧：名词前修饰语一般正常语序为：不定冠词+形容词+名词。但有些固定结构需注意，如too+adj. +a/an+n.。

2.Exercise is ________ as any other to lose unwanted weight.

A.so useful a way                 B.as a useful way

C.as useful a way                 D. such a useful way

【答案】C

【解析】错解分析：A、B迷惑性较大，so…as结构常用于否定句和疑问句，故不能选A、B。

解题方法与技巧：名词前修饰语正常语序为：不定冠词+形容词+名词，但有些固定结构需注意，如：as+adj. +a/an+n.

题组一（真题在线）

1.（2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.

2.（2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.

3.（2020·新课标II卷·语法填空）The plum trees are   70   first to flower even as the snow is melting (融 化).                                   

4.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.

5.（2019.全国卷I）Of ______  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

6.(2019.全国卷II )When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was ______ joke.

7.（2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.

8.（2018.全国卷II）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over    past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

9. (2017.全国卷Ⅰ) As　    result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

10. (2016·全国卷I )The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _____ other is with mum-she never suspects.

题组二

1. (2020.北京3月份质检) Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for    while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.

2. (2019.衡水一中质量评估）The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even        most modern of architects and engineers.

3. (2019.秦皇岛一中期末）For all you information, you don't have to go to      library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it.

4. Many things play ________ part in the development of the type of English.

5. It's ________ honor as well as a responsibility to be chosen as the host country.

6. During _____________1960s, there were terrible fights between blacks and whites in America.

7. Many of them have _________gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.

8.The little pupil seized his younger brother by _________ arm and ran across the street with him.

9.Completing such a heavy task in such a short time is actually ________ great challenge to us.

10.Scientists have many theories about how ________universe came into existence.

题组三

语篇填空(用a/an/ the填空)

There once was a king who offered __1__ prize to __2__artist who would paint __3__ best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all __4__ pictures. But there were only two he really liked，and he had to choose between them.

One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was __5__ perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains，too. But these were rugged (崎岖的) and bare. Above was __6__angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down __7__side of the mountain tumbled (翻腾) a foaming (水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the king looked closely, he saw behind __8__ waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack (裂缝) in the rock. In the bush __9__ mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water，sat the mother bird on her nest—in perfect peace.

The king chose __10__second picture.

题组一（真题在线）

1. 【答案】the → a;  had → have;

【解析】考查冠词。a bowl of 意为“一碗……”，不定冠词a 在此表示泛指；had → have 考查谓语动词。根据时间状语 every morning 以及与空白处并列的谓语动词 has to 和通篇时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故将 had 改为 have。

2.【答案】Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into ∧ pan together. 

【解析】考查冠词。Pan为可数名词，且在上文中一出现过，此处为第二次出现，特指“我”之前放油加热的“平底锅”，因此 pan前要用定冠词 the。

3.【答案】The考查冠词。

【解析】根据空白处后面的序数词 first，可知此处应填定冠词 the。

4.【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。

5.【答案】the

【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the.

6. 【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a.

7. the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。

8.【答案】the　

【解析】考查冠词。句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。故填the.

9. 【答案】a　

【解析】考查冠词和固定短语。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的东西来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结果。故填a.

10. 【答案】the

【解析】考查固定用法。题干中表示“这样一个由人工喂养，另一个由熊猫妈妈喂养”，one …the other一个……另一个，该用法是固定用法，所以填the.

题组二

1.【答案】a

【解析】考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会；本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。

2.【答案】the       

【解析】考查定冠词。Most modern是最高级，最高级前要加定冠词the.

3. 【答案】the

【解析】考查固定词组。Go to the library去图书馆。句意：你所要的信息，都不需要去图书馆找相关资料，做笔记。故填the.

4.【答案】a

【解析】考查固定短语和冠词。句意：许多事情对英语的发展起了作用。play a part in sth.起……作用，固定搭配。故填a.
5.【答案】an

【解析】考查不定冠词。句意：被选为东道主是一种荣誉，也是一种责任。固定句型It is an honor to do sth.做某事是一种荣誉，泛指，应用不定冠词，honor中的h不发音，是以元音音素开头的单词，应用an，故填an.
6.【答案】the

【解析】考查定冠词。特指后文1960s，故填the.
7.【答案】a

【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他们中的许多人有骑野马的天赋，能赢得数千美元的奖金。固定短语have a gift for doing sth. “有做……的天赋”，故填gift.

8.【答案】the

【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这个小学生抓住弟弟的胳膊，和他一起跑过马路。seize sb. by the arm为固定短语，意为“抓住某人的胳膊”。故填the.
9.【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。句意：在这么短的时间内完成这么重的任务对我们来说是一个巨大的挑战。challenge挑战，是可数名词的单数形式，此处意思是一个巨大的挑战，great以辅音音素开头，所以前面要加不定冠词a，故填a.
10.【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。句意：关于宇宙是如何存在的，科学家们有许多理论。表示世界上独一无二的的事物用the，故填the.

题组三

1.a　2.the　3.the　4.the　5.a　6.an　7.the　8.the　9.a　10.the