2021届高考英语一轮复习考点28It的用法考点归纳 试卷

考点33 it的用法
高考频度：★★★★★
考向一 it作人称代词
1.用来指代前文中提到的东西。既可指代具体的东西，也可指代一种情况。请看下面的例子
1）I hear you bought a new bike, can you show it to me？
2）If I can stop her coming to you, I shall do it.
3）—I want to stay here for a night.
—Your wife won’t like it
此时要注意与其他代词如that, one, those, this, another等的区别：
1.I hear you bought a new bike, I want to buy _______ , too.此处应填one，因为这里我并不是要买你的车，而是一辆新车，one ＝a new bike。
2.I have bought a new bike, but I still want to buy _______ .此处应填another。我已有了一辆，再买另一辆。another ＝another new bike。
3.We see him when we come to town, but _______ isn’t often.此处填that或it均可。指代前面我们去城里时可以看到他这一情况。
4.My seat is next to _______ of the headmaster.此处应填that，用来代替名词seat，that＝the seat。
5.The bikes made this year are better than _______ made last years.此处应填those或the ones。代替前文的bikes，因其是复数概念，故用those或the ones，those ／the ones＝the bikes。
2.也可以指动物
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
3用来指代人。
说明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代婴儿或儿童；在不清楚某人性别时，也可使用 it，尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如： 
—Who is it? —It’s me.
Who is it there? It’s I (me/you/he....).
I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.
Her face lighted when she saw who it was.

1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.
【答案】it \running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
2.—Who’s that at the door?
—__________ is the milkman.
A. He B. It C. This D. That
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：——谁在门外？——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
3.If I can help_______, I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so              B. that           C. it               D. them
【答案】C
【解析】if I can help it意为 ＂如果我有办法＂, 表示有办法做某事, 或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night说明如果有办法, 不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为 ＂这样＂, 常用于省略句中, 代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。
考向二 非人称代词it
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
1.指天气：
It is a lovely day, isn’t  it?
It is a bit windy.
2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3.指环境: It was very quiet in  the  café.
4.指距离：It is half an hour’s  walk  to the city centre.
5指日期：
What’s the date today? It’s the eleventh, October.
6指季节：It is summer now.
7指度量：It is about 20 pound/kg
8.指价值：
--- What’s the cost of the dictionary?
---It is sixty-three.
9指温度It’s 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot.

—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was _____?
—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.
A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It
【答案】D
【解析】句意： ＂他的第一本书出版了, 并且成了一本畅销书。＂ ＂那是什么时候？＂ ＂那是在2000年他还在上大学的时候。＂指代上文中提到的事情用that; it可以指时间、天气、距离等概念。
考向二 作形式主语，替代不定式、ing形式或主语从句
（一） 作形式主语替代主语从句
1.①It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that ...该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定……）＂　是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
  It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That  he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
② It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
  It is important that we (should) learn English well. 　　
  It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
2.① It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。 　　
  It is said that he has come to Beijing. 　　
  It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如：
It’s said that Tom has come back from abroad.→People say that Tom has come back from abroad.→He is said to have come back from abroad.
① It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that　后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令…….） 　
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 　
It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
3.It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ 　
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
4. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧……
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
该句型可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述两句可分别转换为：
He happened to meet his teacher in the street.
He seems to enjoy pop songs very much.
5.it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语
（1）It is known（not decided，not made clear，found out，discussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。
It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not.
他能否来开会还不能确定。
（2）It doesn’t matter（It’s no wonder；It doesn’t make too much difference等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It doesn’t matter whether we go together or separately.我们一起去还是分开去都可以。
It is no wonder why he came here too late.他为什么来这么晚不足为怪
(二)作形式主语替代不定式。常见的句型有：　　
1. ①. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad, brave , careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good （好心的）, honest , horrible, kind , lazy, modest, naughty, nice（有教养的）, polite， rude, silly, stupid , wise, wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。　
It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
②It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy， safe， common， normal， hard， difficult， dangerous， unusual， rare， impossible， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party.
2.It takes sb. ... to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做……要花费某人……＂。
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
(三) 作形式主语替代ing形式
It is no good / no use/useless doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语。
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.
考向四 作形式宾语，代替不定式、ing形式、宾语从句。
1. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为＂6123结构＂。 6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that等引导的宾语从句。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. 　
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
The professor thinks it no good reading without understanding.
The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.

1.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。
【名师点睛】此题看似考查非谓语动词，实际也是考查it作形式主语。
2.Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
【答案】C
【解析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意为：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。
3. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made_________ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
A. this               B. that            C.one              D.it
【答案】D
【解析】it作形式宾语, to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town作真正的宾语。不定式短语作宾语时, 需移置宾语补语之后, 在原来宾语的位置上用引导词it作形式宾语, 构成 ＂make + it + 形容词或名词+不定式短语＂结构, 从而使句子保持平衡。
2. 在like, dislike, hate, love, take, appreciate, depend on, see to(处理)，insist on，help等动词后，形式宾语it后可直接跟宾语从句。此时，it表模糊概念，指代后面所叙述的内容。
You may depend on it that I shall always support you.
I hate it when people laugh at the disabled.
I will appreciate it if you can help me with my English.

1.I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
A. it B. you C. one D. this
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析及语境理解。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时，其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。故选A。
2.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one C. those D. it
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like______分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。
考向五it的重要句型
1.强调句
① It is/was  + 被强调部分 + that/who ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
It was yesterday that I met her in the street.
It is you that /who are wrong.
I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that)
What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that)
② It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到……才……＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
强调句型的两种变形形式：
一般疑问句形式：Is/ Was it … that…? 
特殊疑问句形式：Who/ Whom /When/ When 等 + is/ was it that …?
1)Was it in 1979 ______ the American astronaut succeeded ______ landing on the moon?  
A. when; on     B. that; on    C. when; in    D. that; in    (Key: D)
2）Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert?  
A. it you    B. not you      C. you      D. that yourself    (Key: A)
3）Who was it that you met in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇到的是谁？
Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？

I don’t mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
【答案】A
【解析】It is+被强调部分+that+其他, 强调句可去掉it is与that还原句子。本句相当于..., but I object to how she does it。被强调部分是宾语从句, 因此, 用it引导该句式。
2.It ＋be的适当形式＋时间＋ when-clause
这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般为具体时间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。常译为＂当……的时候，是……＂例如：
It was already 8o’clock when we got home.
It will be midnight when they get there.
It was five o’clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain.
It was at five o’clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain.
A. since    B. when     C. that    D. until  
3.It ＋is/has been＋一段时间＋ since-clause
这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为＂自从……以来已多久了＂since 从句后用一般过去时，例如：
It is／has been three years since his father passed away.他父亲去逝已经有三年了。
It is/has been fifteen years since she left Shanghai.她离开上海已经15年了
4. ①It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，常用一般过去时态表示虚拟.
It is time that children went to bed.
It is time you bought a new car.
It is (high ) time you made up your mind.
②It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换.常译为＂是第一（二）……次……＂。
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit to Africa.
5.It ＋be的适当形式＋一段时间＋before-clause
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long，years，months，weeks，days ， hours，minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为＂过多长时间才……＂。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为＂没过多长时间就……＂。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时 will be；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。例如：
It was not long before she learned those poems by heart .她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。
It was long before the police arrived.过了很久警察才来。
It will be hours before he makes a decision.要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
It will not be hours before we meet again.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。
6. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为＂看起来好象……＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）　
It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.




题组一 基础过关
I．单项填空
1.Young people should be independent, and don't take _________for granted that you can depend on your parents when in trouble.
A.one B.it C. this D. that
2.He didn't make _________clear when and where the sports meet would be held.
A. this B.it C. that D.one
3.They dislike _________when people do not look at the name cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.
A. that B. them C.it D. you
4.We find ______easy to get along with our new teachers here.
A. that B.it C. this D.不填
5.Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent.
A. which B.it C. them D. those
6.Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent.
A. which B.it C. them D. those
7.The pop singer is talented and elegant. ____ is no surprise that she has so many fans around the world.
A. It B. There C. That D. What
8.We all consider _________significant that we should cancel the order immediately.
A. how B. which C. this D.it
9. _________is required that every employee here be able to use a computer and speak good English.
A. Which B. What C.As D. It
10.—The weather turns out to be fine.
— We can depend on _________ that the goods will be shipped to the flooded area on time.
A.it B./ C. this D. which
题组二 能力提升
I． 语法填空
(1)
（2020·江西景德镇一中高三月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The number of chinstrap penguins in some colonies in western Antarctica 1． (fall) by as much as 77 percent since they were last surveyed in the 1970s, say scientists studying the impact of climate change on the remote region. The chinstrap penguin, 2． (name) after the narrow black band under its head, inhabits the islands and shores of Antarctic oceans and feeds on krill( 磷虾). It is the dramatic declines 23． catch the attention worldwide.
A study, published by the United Nations meteorological agency, states that heat-trapping greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide - have reached an unprecedented level in the atmosphere, 4． contributes to global warming. Researchers discovered that between 1979 and 1990, Antarctica shed 5． average of 40 billion tons of ice mass annually. Climate changes are turning into a severe situation, 6． (impact) marine and land ecosystems.
China, as a big country, plays an important role in environmental protection. It aims not only to get rid of the environmental challenges domestically but also to help other parts of the world achieve 7． (they) climate goals. Investment in China on renewable energy accounts 8． 45% of total global investment. Since 2014, China has invested 9． (heavy) in the wind and solar PV projects in the regions along the Belt and Road. Faced with this situation, every country should raise the 10． (aware)of environmental protection.

(2)（2020·湖南高三月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When we talk about 1．(learn) a foreign language, we often talk about different methods. Of course, methods are important, but I think they’re not as important 2． one thing: motivation(动机).
Why 3．you need to have a motivation to learn a foreign language? Simply because it isn’t 4． easy task. It will take several years to become fluent, and several years more to 5． (complete) master it. This isn’t something you just do；you need to have a dream, a goal 6．(work) towards.
So ask 7．(you): Why do I want to learn this language? Am I sure I 8．(want) to learn this language three years from now? Am I happy with my 9． (decide)? If your answers to those questions are “yes”, you’re probably motivated to go on and learn that language you want to learn. It isn’t that motivation is all that 10．(matter) , but I do think that it makes up about 80% of your progress in your target language.
Good luck and happy learning!

II．短文改错
（2020·甘肃高三二模）
Dear Mike,
How is it going? I am flying to your country to attend the Culture Trip to America in next week. I feel exciting because my dream of visiting America will come true. Through the trip, I hope to open my eyes and learning more about the customs and history of your country. Besides, it is the good chance to practise my English.
Therefore, one thing I'm concerned about is because I may have difficulty communicating with local people. After all, there have many cultural differences between China or America, I'd appreciate if you could give me some proper advises.
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua

1.B
【解析】考查代词。句意为：年轻人应该独立，不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。take it for granted that…是固定句型，表示“认为……理所当然”。
 2.B
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真正主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的情况；D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真正宾语是when and where the sports meet would be held，故选B。
3.C
【解析】考查代词。因“主语+ dislike （或like ,prefer, appreciate, hate. Love…）+ it + when/if从句”是固定句型， it 在句中无实义。本句的意思是“当人们不看名片的时候他们不喜欢，所以记住不要不看就把他们放进你的口袋里。”故选C。
4.B
【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意：我们发现与我们这里的新老师相处很容易。此处it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语为后面的不定式结构to get along with our new teachers here。故选B。 
5.B
【解析】考查代词。句意：90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，其中很多是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词violence。
6.B
【解析】考查代词。句意：几乎90%的流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，很多是非常暴力的。用much说明of后面的代词指代不可数名词violence，用it代替，which引导非限制性定语从句，这句话有and，不是定语从句，them和those指代复数名词。故选B。
7.A
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：这个流行歌手非常有才，非常优雅。她在全世界有如此多的歌迷一点也不令人惊奇。it是形式主语，代指真正的主语从句“that she has so many fans around the world”。
8.D
【解析】句意：我们认为立刻取消这个订单是十分重要的。题干属于"consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语/that…"结构，此处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
9.D
【解析】句意：这里的每位员工都被要求能熟练操作电脑,会说流利的英语。题干属于"It is+过去分词+that…"句型，故用It， It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。
10.A
【解析】考查代词。句意：——天气放晴了。
——我们可以相信货物将按时运往灾区。根据语境可知，此处缺少depend on的形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故选A。

题组二 能力提升
II． 语法填空
(1)【答案】
1．has fallen 2．named 3．that 4．which 5．an
6．impacting 7．their 8．For 9．heavily 10．awareness
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究气候变化对偏远地区影响的科学家表示，自上世纪70年代最后一次调查以来，南极洲西部一些殖民地的帽带企鹅数量减少了77%。气候变化日益严重，影响着海洋和陆地生态系统。面对这种情况，每个国家都应该提高环境保护意识。
1．考查现在完成时态和主谓一致。句意：研究气候变化对偏远地区影响的科学家表示，自上世纪70年代最后一次调查以来，南极洲西部一些殖民地的帽带企鹅数量减少了77%。此处since“自从……以来”引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时态，且主语是The number of“……的数量”作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数形式，故填has fallen。
2．考查过去分词。句意：帽带企鹅，以其头部下方狭窄的黑色带命名，栖息在南极海洋的岛屿和海岸，以磷虾为食。此处penguin和name之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
3．考查强调句型。句意：引人注目的下降引起了全世界的注意。此处是强调句型，it is+强调部分+that……，故填that。
4．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一项由联合国气象机构发布的研究表明，温室气体——二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮——在大气中已经达到了前所未有的水平，这导致了全球变暖。前面整个句子作先行词，从句中作主语，故用which引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。
5．考查不定冠词an。句意：研究人员发现，从1979年到1990年，南极洲每年平均脱落400亿吨冰。固定用法：an average of“平均是……”。其中average是以元音因素开头的词，故填an。
6．考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：气候变化日益严重，影响着海洋和陆地生态系统。此处Climate changes和impact之间是一种主动关系，是现在分词做伴随状语，故填impacting。
7．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的目的不仅是消除国内的环境挑战，而且是帮助世界其他地区实现他们的气候目标。此处climate goals是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。
8．考查固定词组。句意：中国可再生能源投资占全球总投资的45%。固定词组：account for“占……比例”。故填for。
9．考查副词。句意：2014年以来，中国在“一带一路”沿线地区大力投资风能和太阳能光伏项目。此处invested是动词，由副词修饰。故填heavily。
10．考查名词。句意：面对这种情况，每个国家都应该提高环境保护意识。分析句子结构the ___10___ of此处用名词作宾语，所给词aware是形容词，其名词是awareness。故填awareness。
(2)【答案】
1．learning
2．as
3．do
4．an
5．completely
6．to work
7．yourself
8．will want
9．decision
10．matters
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述学习一门语言是不容易的，需要好的方法。作者认为更重要的是动机，并分析了原因。
1．考查动名词。about是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填learning。
2．考查固定句型。句意：当然，方法是重要的，但是我认为它们不如一件事重要：动机。not as…as…“不如……”是固定句型，故填as。
3．考查助动词。本句是特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词后接助动词；且文章主时态是一般现在时，need后接不定式，故need是实义动词，故用助动词do的形式，主语是you，故填do。
4．考查冠词。句意：只是因为它不是一项容易的任务。task是可数名词，根据句意“泛指一项容易的任务”，且easy以元音因素开头，故填不定冠词an。
5．考查副词。修饰动词master，用副词作状语，故填completely。
6．考查非谓语动词。_6___(work) towards作定语，修饰a goal，常用不定式作定语修饰goal，故填to work。
7．考查代词。句意：因此，问问你自己。祈使句主语是you，主语和宾语指代同一事物，宾语用反身代词，故填yourself。
8．考查一般将来时。句意：我确定从现在起三年想要学习这门语言吗？根据时间状语three years from now可知，表示将来要发生的动作用一般将来时。故填will want。
9．考查名词。形容词性物主代词my修饰名词，名词作介词with的宾语，decide的名词形式是decision。故填decision
10．考查时态和主谓一致。that引导定语从句，修饰all，关系代词that从句中作主语，故从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致，all是不定代词，表示单数意思，谓语动词用单数，根据语境句子用一般现在时，故填matters。
II．短文改错
【答案】1.去掉America后的in
2.exciting →excited
3.learning →learn
4.the →a
5.Therefore →However
6.because →that
7.have →are
8.or →and
9.appreciate后加it
10.advises →advice
【解析】本文是应用文。作者将飞往美国参加下周的美国文化之旅，这能帮助作者开阔眼界，多了解美国的风俗习惯和历史，也是一个练习英语的好机会。但因担心和当地人交流有困难，希望对方能给一些适当的建议。
1.考查介词。句意：我将飞往贵国参加下周的美国文化之旅。当next, last, this, that, every等限定词修饰时间状语时，前面一般不用任何介词。故去掉America后的in。
2.考查形容词。句意：我很兴奋，因为我参观美国的梦想将实现。-ed结尾的形容词作表语，用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语是人。-ing结尾的形容词作表语表示主语的性质和特征。此处应是前者，故exciting改为excited。
3.考查动词不定式。句意：我希望能开阔眼界，多了解贵国的风俗习惯和历史。open my eyes与learn more about the customs and history of your country是并列不定式结构，learn前省略了to。故learning改为learn。
4.考查冠词。句意：这是一个练习英语的好机会。chance是可数名词，单数形式前加不定冠词a表示泛指一次机会，故the改为a。
5.考查副词。句意：然而，我担心的一件事是我和当地人交流有困难。前后两个分句之间表示转折关系而非因果关系，用副词however。故Therefore改为However。
6.考查名词性从句连接词。句意：然而，我担心的一件事是我和当地人交流有困难。表语从句 I may have difficulty communicating with local people不缺少成分，用连词that引导。故because改为that。
7.考查固定句型。句意：中美之间有许多文化差异。There be句型表示的是“某处有（存在）某人或某物”，其结构为There be（is/are/was/were）+名词+地点状语；have表示“有”时不可与there连用。故have改为are。
8.考查固定短语。句意：中美之间有许多文化差异。between …and“在……之间，在两者中间”，是固定搭配。故or改为and．
9.考查固定句型。句意：如果你能给我一些适当的建议，我将不胜感激。would appreciate it if …意为“如果……将不胜感激”，是固定句型，其中it是形式宾语。故appreciate后加it。
10.考查不可数名词。句意：如果你能给我一些适当的建议，我将不胜感激。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故advises改为advice。