牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1 Past and Present精品学案设计

这是一份牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1 Past and Present精品学案设计，共5页。学案主要包含了定义，结构，过去分词的规则变化，用法，注意等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Grammar














现在完成时（Present perfect tense）


一、定义


定义：①_________________________________________________________


I have lived here since 1990.


②_________________________________________________________


Eddie has just eaten Hb’s fd.


二、结构


三、过去分词的规则变化


大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed


clean cleaned help helped


以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d


like liked live lived


以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed


try tried study studied


重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed.


plan planned stp stpped





四、用法


【用法1】


表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是对现在有影响。这种用法常与already, just, yet, ever, never, times (次数) 等连用.


e.g. Lk! The blackbard is s clean nw.


He has already cleaned the blackbard.


这句话所表示强调的结果是黑板现在是干净的。(他已经擦过黑板了)


现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:


* 以already, just和yet为标志


He has already gt her help. 他已得到她的帮助。


He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。


He hasn't cme back yet. 他还没有回来。


* 以ever和never为标志


This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。


He has never been t Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。


* 以动作发生的次数为标志


He says he has been t the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。


* 以s far（到目前为止）为标志


He has gt t Beijing s far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。


She has passed the exam s far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。


* 其他时间状语，如recently、ver the past few years





The unemplyment rate in this district _________frm 6% t 5% in the past tw years.


A has fallen B had fallen C is falling D was falling





注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.


e.g. I have dne my hmewrk already.


I haven’t dne my hmewrk yet.


【用法2】


表示过去的动作一直持续到现在甚至未来。时间状语: since, fr





过去的时间点 since 1990, since last year


现在完成时+ since + 时间段+ag since three years ag


句子（一般过去时） since I went t schl





e.g. He has gne t Beijing since 3 years ag.


现在完成时+ fr +一段时间


e.g. I have studied English fr ten years.





五、注意


注意：


瞬间动词（buy, die, jin, cme，g ,leave, jin ……）不能直接与fr /since连用。要改变动词


begin-----be n brrw -----keep


buy----haveclse -----be clsed


cme/arrive/reach/get t-----be indie----be dead


finish----be verg ut----be ut


leave ----be awaypen----be pen


★1、have代替buy


My brther has had(不能用has bught) this bike fr almst fur years.


★2、用keep或have代替brrw


I have kept(不能用have brrwed) the bk fr quite a few days.


★3、用be替代becme


Hw lng has yur sister been a teacher?


★4、用have a cld代替catch a cld


Tm has had a cld since the day befre yesterday.


★5、用wear代替put n


a)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词


be＋married代_______________ be＋ill代_______________


be＋dead代_______________ be＋asleep代_______________


be＋awake代_______________ be＋gne代_______________


be＋pen代_______________ be clsed_______________


be＋missing(gne, lst)代_______________


b)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词


“be＋n”代____________________


“be＋up”代____________________


“be＋back(t)”代____________________


“be here (there)”代____________________


c)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词


“be in/at +地点”代____________________


be in the army 代____________________


“be in/at +地点”代____________________


四、has gne (t), has been (t), has been (in) 的区别


1. have/Has gne(t) :去了(现在不在说话现场)


Where is yur father？He has gne t Shanghai.


2. have/Has been (t) :去过（已不在去过的地方）


My father has been t Shanghai.


3. have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）


My father has been in Shanghai fr tw mnths. /since tw mnths ag.








【课后作业】


单项选择


1、Bth his parents lk sad . Maybe they _________what's happened t him.


Ａ. knew Ｂ. have knwn


Ｃ. must knw Ｄ.will knw


2、He has _______ been t Shanghai , has he ?


Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. Still


3、Have yu met Mr Li ______?


Ａ. just Ｂ. ag


Ｃ.befre Ｄ. a mment ag


4、The famus writer _____ ne new bk in the past tw years .


Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing


Ｃ.wrte Ｄ.has written


5、—Our cuntry ______ a lt s far .


—Yes . I hpe it will be even ______ .


Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; gd


Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better


6、Zha Lan ______already ______in this schl fr tw years .


Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study


Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying


7、We ______ Xia Li since she was a little girl .


Ａ. knw Ｂ. had knwn


Ｃ. have knwn Ｄ. Knew


8、Harry Ptter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .


Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see


9、—These farmers have been t the United States .


—Really ? When _____ there ?


Ａ. will they g Ｂ. did they g


Ｃ. d they g Ｄ. have they gne


10、—______ yu ___ yur hmewrk yet ?


—Yes . I _____ it a mment ag .


Ａ. Did ; d ; finished Ｂ. Have ; dne ; finished


Ｃ. Have ; dne ; have finished Ｄ. will ; d ; finish


11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .


Ａ. jined Ｂ. has jined


Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in


12、—D yu knw him well ?


— Sure. We _________ friends since ten years ag .


Ａ. were Ｂ. have been


Ｃ. have becme Ｄ. have made


13、—Hw lng have yu ____ here ?


—Abut tw mnths.


Ａ. been Ｂ. gne Ｃ. cme Ｄ. Arrived


14、Hurry up! The play __________ fr ten minutes.


Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been n Ｄ. Began


15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .


Ａ. is Ｂ. has been Ｃ. will Ｄ. Was


16、 Miss Green isn't in the ffice . she_______ t the library .


Ａ.has gne Ｂ. went Ｃ.will g Ｄ. has been


17、My parents ______ Shandng fr ten years .


Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been t


Ｃ. have gne t Ｄ. have been


18、The students have cleaned the classrm, _________?


A. s they B. dn’t they


C. have they D. haven’t they


19、________ has Mr. White been a member f Greener China since he ________ t China?


A. Hw sn, cmes B. Hw ften, gt


C. Hw lng, came D. Hw far, arrived


20、 His uncle ____ fr mre than 9 years.


A. has cme here B. has started t wrk


C. has lived there D. has left the university





【答案】BBCDDCCBBBDBACBAADCC


肯定句
have/has+ dne 过去分词
否定句
主语+have/has+nt+ dne +其他.
一般疑问句
Have/Has+主语+ dne +其他?
简略答语
Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定)


N, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)