初中英语简易实用语法导学练2：主谓宾结构
展开初中英语简易实用语法导学练2：句子结构
- 主谓再认识：
1）有时候句子的主语可以是并列的两个甚至多个：
The boys, the girls and their parents are waiting.
2）有些句子有两个甚至多个并列谓语：
We waited and waited.
3）谓语有时由“情态动词＋动词原形”等构成，这种谓语叫做复合谓语
I can swim.
We must leave.
- 主谓结构：
句子的基本结构仅仅由主语和谓语构成。
1）He is sleeping in the classroom.
2）I get up at 6 every morning.
- 主谓宾结构：
分析下面句子： We study English.
宾语是动作、行为的对象，或者说是动作的承受者。宾语和主语一样，通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。上例中English是study的对象，因而作study的宾语。eg.
1) The children are watching TV.
2) The children are watching TV quietly in the room now.
- 及物动词(vt)与不及物动词(vi)
主谓和主谓宾结构中的动词是不一样的，主谓结构中的动词是不及物动词，主谓宾结构中的动词是及物动词：
及物动词必须接宾语，不及物动词不能直接接宾语（可以不接宾语或者加个介词再接宾语），及物动词和不及物动词统称为实义动词或行为动词。
多数动词既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词。eg.
1) We are singing.
2) We are singing an English song.
少数动词只能作不及物动词(vi.)
He will come to Shenzhen tomorrow.
有些不及物动词加上介词后，构成固定搭配,叫做成语动词或短语动词。这类固定搭配相当于及物动词 ，划作谓语。
1) He is looking.
2) He is looking at me. （主谓宾结构，look at 为短语动词，相当于及物动词作谓语）
也有些动词只能用作及物动词（vt.）,后面必须带宾语，否则不通。
下面两句哪句是正确的？为什么？
He is badly injured/He badly injures. __________________________________
- 状语的位置
修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前。
The painting is very beautiful.
修饰动词时，问题相对复杂点。
1) 我们通常把状语放在动词后面：
He spoke angrily.
2) 或者是宾语或补语后面：
He opened the door quietly.
3) 但是表示频率的状语通常出现在实义动词之前,助动词之后：
We usually spent our holidays with our grandparents.
I have never seen William at work.
4) 英语中地点状语一般在时间状语之前，且由小到大的顺序排列。这点与汉语恰好相反。
He was born in Beijing on May 20，1970．
He lives in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
5) 但是如果我们想要强调某个状语，可以把状语放在句首：
Last night we saw our friends.
Very quietly he opened the door.
【预习检测】
- 判断以下句子的基本结构，划出各成分。
1) The boy has arrived. __________________
2) I don’t know. __________________
3) We study hard. __________________
4) We study English. __________________
5) I often read. __________________
6) I often read newspapers. __________________
7) He is looking after his mother. ___________________
8) I have lived in Yangxin for 16 years. __________________
2. 分别用给定的三个词填空：reach(vt.) , arrive(vi.) ,get(vi.) （到达）
1) He ___________________________ here just now.
2) He ___________________________ Beijing just now.
3. 改错：
1) The children are listening the music.
2) World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
3) Do you hope to serve for your nation?
4) Yangxin happened an earthquake several years ago.
5) Lucy dressed in a blue skirt.
4. 连词成句：
1) smiled in his office yesterday the teacher happily
_______________________________________________________
2) here football just now the students played.
_______________________________________________________
3) get up I at six in the morning often
_______________________________________________________
【当堂训练】
- 划出句子的各个成分。
1) He waited for you in the rain yesterday.
2) He is running on the playground with his classmates.
3) I am studying in Yingcai middle school now.
4) My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past．
- 连词成句：
1) basketball they in the afternoon at school play
_______________________________________________________
2) I them at the book store saw last Saturday
_______________________________________________________
3) a question put forward yesterday was in the meeting.
_______________________________________________________
4) will with the teacher they tomorrow come back
_______________________________________________________
5) happened last night in the street an accident
_______________________________________________________
【课后巩固提升】
- 改错：
1) She is laughing the crippled man.
2) Who will answer to this question?
3) When did Susan marry with Paul?
4) I did not reply him.
5) The screen appeared a picture.
6) Jim hurt in the arm.
- 连词成句：
1) at six I these years in the morning get up
_______________________________________________________
2) met I yesterday the teacher in the street.
_______________________________________________________
3) Peter works on the farm often hard
_______________________________________________________
4) to me when come arises a new problem
_______________________________________________________
