高中人教版 (2019)Welcome unit学案

　Life at an American high school is an interesting and exciting learning experience.High school in America is not just a place for studying some subjects.It is also an important social centre， where students can develop other interests and talents①.

The high school course is divided into② four years.A school year is divided into two semesters③， the first of which is September through December， and the second January through May. American students have a LONG summer vacation④！ School usually starts at about 8：00 am， and ends at about 3：00 pm.There's no class on Saturday.

Each student at the school has their own locker for books and personal items. It is a convenience⑤ to save students from carrying textbooks， and allow students a small space they can decorate with⑥ posters and favourite objects.

When the school day ends， some students go home， but many still stay at school for after­school activities.There are many activities to take part in and clubs to join.With the headmaster's agreement， students can start any kind of club that is educational and fun.

American high school students like to be “popular”.This means being a good student， being active in the community⑦ and being well­liked by others.Popular students are elected to take part in the Students' Union.

Most American high school students have a part­time job during the school year and a full­time job during the summer holiday.Parents also encourage⑧ their children to work because it's part of growing up and becoming more responsible⑨ and more independent.

[多积词汇]

①talent

n．天赋；才能

②be divided into

被分成……

③semester

n．学期

④vacation

n．假期

⑤convenience

n．方便；便利；便利的用具

⑥decorate with

用……装饰

⑦community

n．社区；共同体

⑧encourage

v．鼓励

⑨responsible

adj.负责的

美国的高中

在美国上高中是一种有趣且令人兴奋的学习经历。美国的高中不只是学习课程的地方，它也是一个很重要的社会活动中心，在这里学生们可以发展其他兴趣爱好和才艺特长。

高中的课程分为四个学年。一学年分为两个学期，第一学期从9月份到12月份，第二学期从1月份到5月份。美国学生的暑假非常长！学校通常是早上八点上课，下午三点放学。周末不上课。

每个学生在学校都有自己的储物柜，方便他们存放书本和私人物品。这方便了学生们不用带课本，而且还能有个小小的空间，可以装点海报及心爱之物。

放学之后，有一些学生回家，但更多的学生仍然留在学校参加课外活动。学校里有许多活动和俱乐部可以参加。只要校长同意，学生可以开办各种各样既有教育意义又非常有趣的俱乐部。

美国高中生喜欢受人瞩目，这意味着要学习优异，在社团中表现积极，得到周围人的喜爱。受欢迎的学生会被选入学生会。

大多数美国高中生在业余时间都会从事兼职工作，暑假时还会找一份全职工作。父母也鼓励孩子们去工作，因为这也是成长的一部分，可以让孩子们更有责任心、更独立。

Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking

Today is a new beginning for your life, a beginning where you are going to take new action, make new friends, be down­to­earth and take your life to a totally unprecedented level.

今天是你开始新生活的一天！你要从这里开始采取新的行动，结识新的朋友，脚踏实

地，彻底地让你的人生改头换面！

1．I'm an exchange student from the UK.

我是来自英国的交换生。

★ exchange n．交换；交流 vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换

① I'm very glad that you will come to our school to study as an exchange student.

我很高兴你能作为一名交换生来我们学校学习。

②I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's accommodation.

我提出帮着粉刷厨房以换取一周的住宿。

③I shook hands with the manager and exchanged a few words with him.

我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。

④Could you please help me to exchange this shirt for a bigger one?

请帮我把这件衬衫换成大一点的好吗？

　完成句子

①I'd like to exchange some pounds for dollars.

我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。

②Tom gave Helen an apple in_exchange_for a piece of cake.

汤姆用一个苹果与海伦交换一块蛋糕。

③Would you like to exchange story books with me?

你愿不愿意和我交换故事书？

2．in the lecture hall

在报告厅

★lecture n．讲座；讲课；教训vi.(开)讲座；讲课vt.训斥

①She gave a fascinating lecture on modern poetry.

她作了一个关于现代诗歌的精彩讲座。

②We are going to listen to a lecture on African history this afternoon.

今天下午我们将听一个关于非洲历史的演讲。

③I recognized the speaker the moment he appeared in the lecture hall.

当演讲者一走入演讲大厅，我就认出了他。

④He lectures on European art at Manchester University.

他在曼彻斯特大学讲授欧洲艺术。

Ⅰ.写出下列句中lecture的词性及含义

①My tutor will give a lecture in Fudan University this evening about translation.

n.讲座；讲课

②My mother used to lecture me about wasting too much money on unhealthy snacks.

vt.训斥

③The famous scholar of Zhejiang University was invited to Atlanta to lecture on the Chinese history of art.

vi.(开)讲座；讲课

Ⅱ.完成句子

④I heard that you are supposed to give_a_lecture on “Chinglish” tomorrow.

我听说明天你要作一个关于“中式英语”的演讲。

⑤Most students spend about a quarter of their time listening_to_lectures.

大多数学生把四分之一的时间用在听讲座上。

⑥He began to_lecture_us_about/on making too much noise.

他开始教训我们，说我们太吵了。

3．in the registration office

在注册办公室

★registration n．登记；注册；挂号

①Please write your home address on the registration form.

请在这张登记表上写下你的家庭住址。

②We can register for a free email account.

我们可以注册一个免费电子邮件账号。

　单句语法填空

①How many students have registered for English classes?

②The house is_registered (register) in her name, not her husband's.

③Student registration (register) starts at the first week in September.

4．A designer.

一名设计者。

★designer n．设计者

①People wanted to know who this talented designer was.

人们想知道这位天才设计者是谁。

②It is specially designed for young people.

这是专为年轻人设计的。

③The television program is designed to educate and not merely to entertain.

这个电视节目不仅是为了娱乐而且是为了教育设计的。

　单句语法填空

①I think one fine designer (design) should have these most basic skills.

②We must make it clear whether it happened by accident or by design.

③As far as I know, the course is designed for beginners.

④The experiment is designed to_test (test) the new car.

一、教材经典录音再发掘

听教材三段录音完成下面题目

(一)判断下面题目的正误(听第一遍)

1．Amy's last name is Jones.(T)

2．Amy comes from England.(F)

3．Amy's student number is 170144.(F)

4．The photo is taken when Amy registers in the office.(T)

5．Max thinks his senior high school is not so good.(F)

6．Maths is Max's favourite.(T)

7．Amy likes physics best.(F)

(二)补全下面句子(听第二遍)

1．Amy's email address is coolgirl21@friends.com.

2．I've had maths and English this_morning. The maths class is getting more_difficult but it's really interesting.

3．Ms Li, I want to be a designer in the future, so what courses do you think I should choose?

4．Well, first of all, I think an_art_course would be helpful to you.

二、听力系列技法微指导

发音规律——连读

1．在同一意群中，前一词以辅音音素结尾，后一词以元音音素开头，在说话或朗读句子时，习惯上很自然地将这两个音素合拼在一起读出来，这种语音现象叫连读。如：set up, millions of

2．还有一种连读叫/r/连读。在短语或句子中，前一词以­r或­re结尾，后一词以元音开头时，可将/r/与后面的元音拼读。如：a pair of

注意：连读现象只出现在意群内部，意群与意群之间的两个相邻单词即使符合上面所讲的两个条件，也不连读。如：There is a good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读)

[典例]　What will the woman do this afternoon?

A．Do some exercise.　　　　　

B．Go shopping.

C．Wash her clothes.

[听力原文]

M: Let's go for a nice walk into the country this afternoon.

W: I certainly could enjoy the exercise, but I've agreed to go with Alice to buy some clothes.

[分析]　选B　录音材料中有两处连读现象：for a nice walk; this afternoon。for 和a, this 与afternoon符合连读发音规则，且分属于完整的意群。

三、话题场景词汇听中记(听写词汇)

Part Ⅰ　About courses

1．Chinese 语文　　　　　　　 2.maths 数学

3．English 英语   4.physics 物理

5．chemistry 化学   6.biology 生物

7．politics 政治   8.history 历史

9．geography 地理   10.music 音乐

11．physical_education 体育   12.art 美术

Part Ⅱ About careers

1．artist 艺术家   2.author 作者；作家

3．model 模特   4.painter 绘画者；(油)画家

5．doctor 医生   6.chemist 药剂师；化学家

7．dentist 牙科医生   8.physicist 物理学家

9．businessman 商人   10.chef 厨师长；主厨

11．officer 军官；公务员   12.firefighter 消防人员

13．lawyer 律师   14.policeman 警察；巡警

15．official 官员；高级职员   16.assistant 助手；助理

17．engineer 工程师；技师   18.secretary 秘书；书记

Part Ⅲ About self­introduction

1．introduce_myself 自我介绍   2.first_name 名字

3．middle_name 中间名字   4.family_name 姓

5．full_name 全名   6.nationality 国籍

7．birthplace 出生地   8.come_from 来自

9．married 已婚的   10.address 地址

11．language 语言   12.born 出生

13．birthday 生日   14.date_of_birth 出生日期

15．telephone_number 电话号码   16.email 电子邮件

17．hobby 业余爱好   18.job 工作

一、听力强化训练

Ⅰ.听下面方框内的单词，然后根据元音字母的发音进行单词归类

nice， high， this， meet， but， fun， well， email， name， student， sit， sorry， and， from， number， stand， over， go

1．Aa /eI/ name_　　　　 /æ/ 　　and,_stand

2．Ee /iː/ meet,_email     /e/     well

3．Ii /aI/ nice,_high       /I/     this,_sit

4．Oo /əʊ/ over,_go       /ɒ/    sorry,_from

5．Uu /juː/ student_       /ʌ/    but,_fun,_number

Ⅱ.听力训练

(一)听第1段材料，完成第1至4题。 根据录音内容判断下列陈述是否正确，正确的在括号内填T，不正确的在括号内填F。

1．The boy is a newcomer to the school, so he feels a bit nervous. (　　)

2．The students must hand in their homework after morning reading.(　　)

3．The boy has lessons 8 hours every day on weekdays.(　　)

4．The students can eat something during the break if they feel hungry.(　　)

(二)听第2段材料，回答第5至7题。

5．How did the woman get her tea set?

A．She picked it up in a supermarket.

B．She bought it in a tea house.

C．She got it from a friend.

6．What does the woman think of the neighbourhood?

A．It is exciting.

B．It is convenient.

 C．It is noisy.

7．What will the speakers do this afternoon?

A．Visit a bookstore.

B．Do some exercise.

C．Eat in a restaurant.

(三)听第3段材料，回答第8至11题。

8．What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A．The plan for today.

B．The language skills.

C．An introduction of the center.

9．How long does the test last?

A．Four hours.

B．Three  hours.

C．Five  hours.

10．When can the listeners ask quite a few questions?

A．After the speaker finishes his talk.

B．When they have a meeting with teachers.

C．When they visit the library.

11．What will the listeners do this afternoon?

A．Take a campus tour.

B．Get into small classes.

C．Begin their first lesson.

答案：1～4　TFFT　5～11　ABBABBA

附：听力材料

(Text 1)

W: Hello, Ben. You're getting ready for tomorrow's lessons, aren't you?

M: Yes. I'm a bit nervous. I have no idea what will happen in class and how I'll get along with my classmates.

W: I understand how you're feeling. Just take it easy. You'll make a lot of new friends very soon.

M: Thank you. I'll try my best to get used to my new school life as soon as possible. By the way, what time does the first class begin?

W: At 8 o'clock. But before that we have 10 minutes to hand in homework and then 20 minutes for morning reading.

M: So we must get to school before 7：30. Right?

W: Right.

M: Well, I hear that lunchtime is nearly 12 o'clock and I'll be very hungry by then.

W: Don't worry. During the break after the second class, we can buy something to eat.

M: That's good.

(Text 2)

M: Hi, I'm Mike. I just moved in next door.

W: Oh, hi. Come on in. I'm Barbara. Would you like something to drink?

M: Thanks. Some tea would be nice. I really like your tea set. Where did you get it?

W: Oh, there's a supermarket not far from here. I bought it on sale. But there is also a tea house around the corner.

M: It's a nice neighbourhood here.

W: Yeah. You can get to the bus and the underground train stations within ten minutes' walk. There's a bookstore, a gym and many restaurants along the street.

M: There's a gym nearby? I really want to go to gym as soon as possible.

W: Well, if you want, we can go together sometime. Actually I am thinking of going this afternoon, if you like, you can join me.

M: That would be wonderful.

(Text 3)

M: Hello everybody. Welcome to the American Top Language school. I'm Peter Riely, your academic teacher. Let me tell you about the plan for today. There are three things on your timetable. First, you will take a test. This test will check your English level. You'll take a reading, grammar, and composition test. Oh, and also a listening test. The whole test takes three hours. Next, you will have a small meeting with the teacher. This meeting will be about important things for freshmen. This is where you can ask a lot of questions. Then, finally, this afternoon, you will take a campus tour. We'll show you the main buildings where your classrooms are; you'll see the tennis courts, the swimming pool and other places like that; and you'll also visit the library and the computer lab. I think you'll be surprised how large and how beautiful our campus is. All right. Are there any questions before we begin?

二、语言基础训练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The average young female (女子) in this country now is stylish and very happy.

2．At noon a student is walking along with his teacher on campus (校园)．

3．There will be a formal (正式的) signing ceremony tomorrow afternoon.

4．Exchange (交换)students are usually students who spend a few weeks or a year in a foreign country.

5．A professor from Beijing is giving a lecture (讲座) in the meeting hall.

6．You have two choices: you can register (登记) for classes online or in the registration office.

7．What's your nationality (国籍)? In other words, which country are you from?

8．Put your name and sex (性别) at the top of the form.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．Stella, 21, is at art school training to be a fashion designer (design)．

2．The registration (register) form showed his date of birth as August 2, 1979.

3．I will teach you Chinese in exchange for your teaching me English.

4．It's not only for them but also for the advance of the whole nation (national)．

5．With the popularization of Internet, email is used in some formal situations gradually.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．We students should often exchange_ideas_with_our_parents.

我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见。

2．I have learned 2,000 English words so_far.

到目前为止，我已经学了2 000个英语单词。

3. She does all of the teaching in_the_lecture_hall.

她在这个演讲厅内实施了所有的教学内容。

4．I'm here for my_student_ID_card.

我是来拿学生证的。

5．My daughter wants_to_be_a_designer in the future.

我女儿将来想成为一名设计师。

三、交际交流训练

Ⅰ.给下列问候语选择合适的答语

①Hi/Hello！(　　)

②Good/Nice to meet you.(　　)

③Good morning！(　　)

④How is it going？(　　)

⑤How are you？(　　)

⑥What's up？(　　)

答案：①～⑥　DBAFCE

Ⅱ.根据情景补全对话

(Situation: A boy meets a girl during a break at the party.)

W: ①________ Come in, please.

M: Hello. Nice to see you, too. It looks like the party is exciting and all are in high spirits.

W: Yeah. And they're enjoying all kinds of French food here. Well, ②________ He is visiting me for the weekend.

M: ③________

W: He is sitting in the corner over there, and beside the young woman.

M: ④________ Uh, the woman wearing a red coat.

W: Oh, that's Ann, my piano teacher.

M: Piano teacher! ⑤________

A．And who is the young woman?

B．Where is he?

C．I never believe you were practicing the piano.

D．I'd like you to meet my brother, Tom.

E．Hi/Hello, nice to see you.

答案：①～⑤　EDBAC

四、语篇阅读训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Richard Campbell is a secondary school student. He is 15 years old. He lives in a small town in the North of England. Every morning, he gets up at eight o'clock, puts on his uniform and walks to school.

One hour later, the lessons start. The students usually study maths, English, history and geography in the morning. They usually study music and drawing and they play sports after lunch. They have a ten­minute break between classes. They also spend a long time in the school library, reading books and doing their homework.

Richard likes his school very much. His favourite subjects are English and geography, but he doesn't like math because he is not good at it.

Richard and all his friends spend the whole day at school. Lunch is at one o'clock. He doesn't like the food that the school serves. This is why he often brings a packed lunch from home. He always has his lunch in the dining hall, but some of his friends sometimes eat in the courtyard or outside the school gate.

At weekends, he always goes out with his friends because he doesn't go to school. On Saturday, he always goes to the cinema or to the sports center. On Sunday, he just goes for a walk with his dog.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了二年级学生 Richard Campbell 的日常生活起床时间、学校课程安排、午餐、周末活动等

1．What time do Richard's lessons begin in the morning?

A．At 8：00.　　　 B．At 8：30.

C．At 9：00.  D．At 9：10.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“he gets up at eight o'clock”及第二段第一句“One hour later, the lessons start.”可知，学校上课时间为 9点。故选 C。

2．What does Richard like best?

A．Math and English. B．English and geography.

C．History and math.  D．Geography and history.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句中的“His favourite subjects are English and geography”可知，Richard 最喜欢英语和地理。故选 B。

3．Where does Richard have lunch on weekdays?

A．In the dining hall. B．At home.

C．In the courtyard.  D．Outside his school gate.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第五句中的“He always has his lunch in the dining hall”可知，Richard 通常在餐厅吃午餐。故选 A。

4．What does Richard always do on Saturday?

A．He reads and does homework.

B．He goes to see films or does sports.

C．He walks his dog or does exercise.

D．He spends a long time in the library.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“On Saturday, he always goes to the cinema or to the sports center.”可知，Richard 周六经常去电影院看电影或去体育中心做运动。故选 B。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Not all the students know how to prepare for exams.__1__ With teachers' help, students can prepare for exams much better, thus doing better in exams. Here are some ways that teachers can use to help students prepare for exams.

__2__For younger­grade students, create a list of every topic that they need to study.Older­grade students can still benefit from a list, even if it's just a list of all the topics they've studied that year. That's because a list gives them something to check off. Throughout your review time, encourage students to mark their topic list, crossing off things that they already know and highlighting or putting a star beside things they know they need to study.

__3__ Don't just stand in front of the class and try to review everything. Instead, students should be the ones looking up things in their notes and trying to remember how to solve problems. The more actively involved (参与的) the students are, the more focused they will be, and the more they will remember.

Have students write quizzes (小测验) for each other. When students write their own quiz questions, they involve more deeply in the material.__4__ After that, have them exchange with another student and take each other's quiz. Finally, they are to grade the quiz they wrote and discuss any wrong answers with the student who took their quiz.

Give students a practice exam.__5__ Usually on the last review day, I will give a practice exam — a short, ungraded test that has similar questions as what will be tested in the exam. We then go over it during the second half of the class. It's really helpful.

A．Have the students work, not yourself.

B．Remember to try to review everything.

C．So have them write a 5－10 questions quiz.

D．Give students similar questions before the exam.

E．It means teachers should help students prepare for exams.

F．Give students a list of topics that could be tested in the exams.

G．This is a great way to help students know how prepared they are.

语篇解读：一些学生不知道该如何为考试做准备，所以老师可以帮助学生为考试做好准备。

1．选E　根据第一段的“Not all the students know how to prepare for exams.”可知，因为有的学生不知道如何准备考试，所以老师应该帮助学生为考试做准备。

2．选F　根据第二段的“For younger­grade students, create a list of every topic that they need to study. Older­grade students can still benefit from a list ...”可知，本段主要建议给学生列一个问题单子。

3．选A　根据第三段的“Don't just stand in front of ... how to solve problems.”可知，应该让学生自己来复习，而不是老师来复习。

4．选C　根据第四段的“Have students write quizzes (小测验) for each other.”可知，这里是指让学生自己出一份5至10题的小测验。

5．选G　根据第五段的“Give students a practice exam.”以及“It's really helpful.”可知，作者认为这种方法可以帮助学生知道他们为考试准备得怎么样了。

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking

　　 　 I choose to be a good man because I know there are some occasions when I need help from others. So I offer to give my help to others. Let others feel the warmth from me.

         我选择做一个善良的人， 因为我知道我也有需要其他人帮助的时候。于是我

主动帮助别人，让他人感受到我的温暖。

Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后背)

1．senior adj.　　　　　 级别(或地位)高的

n.   较年长的人

2．outgoing adj.   爱交际的；外向的

3．guy n.   小伙子；男人；家伙

4．concentrate vi.& vt.   集中(注意力)；聚精会神

5．experiment n.   实验；试验

6．awkward adj.   令人尴尬的；难对付的

7．junior adj.   地位(或职位、级别)低下的

n.   职位较低者；(体育运动中)青少年

8．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望

9．annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰→annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的

10．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的

11．impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象；引人注目→impression n．印象；感想→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的

12．explore vt.& vi.探索；勘探→exploration n．勘探；探测；探险→explorer n．探险家；勘探者；探险

13．confidence n．信心；信任→confident adj.自信的；有把握的

Ⅱ.词块识记关(先填后背)

1．senior_high_school　　　　　　 (美国)高中

2．junior_high_school   (美国)初级中学

3．at_last    终于；最终

4．make_an_impression    留下好印象

5．What_if_...?    如果……会怎么样？

6．concentrate_on    集中精力于

7．leave_..._alone    不打扰；不惊动

8．not_..._at_all    一点也不

9．have_chemistry_class    上化学课

10．in_the_science_lab   在科学实验室

Ⅲ.句式理解关

1.

2.

Ⅳ.长句分析关

1．I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone!

[句式分析]

alone!

[尝试翻译]　我真的想告诉他安静点，离我远点！

2．I miss my friends from junior high school, but I believe I will make new friends here, and there's a lot to explore at senior high.

[句式分析]　

I will make new friends here，and there's a lot to explore

　宾语从句　　　连接并列句　不定式短语作定语

at senior high.

[尝试翻译]　我想念初中的朋友，但我相信我会在这里交到新朋友，而且高中生活也有很多地方等待我去探索。

一、语篇理解——三遍细读文

Discuss in pairs and describe your feelings.

Ⅰ.Reading for the main idea

1．What's the main idea of the text?

A．The difficult maths class.

B．Han Jing's anxiety.

C．Han Jing's first impressions on her first school day.

D．The great chemistry lesson.

答案：C

2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.

Para.1　 A．The maths class was difficult, but the teachers and classmates were friendly and helpful.

Para.2   B．The chemistry lesson was great, but the guy next to Han Jing disturbed her.

Para.3　 C．Han Jing wrote about her feelings on her first school day.

Para.4   D．Han Jing was anxious about her first school day.

答案：Paras.1～4　DABC

Ⅱ.Reading for the details

1．Why did the author feel anxious at first?

A．The school is very big.

B．The teachers are strict.

C．The students are unfriendly.

D．She was worried that no one would talk to her.

2．What is the maths teacher like?

A．Outgoing and funny.

B．Kind and friendly.

C．Helpful but strict.

D．Quiet and confident.

3．What do we know about Han Jing?

A．She felt awkward and frightened at first.

B．She told the guy next to her in the chemistry class to be quiet.

C．She is confident about her school life of senior high school at last.

D．She didn't miss her old friends because she made new friends in senior high school.

4．Why couldn't Han Jing concentrate on the experiment?

A．The experiment was hard for her to learn.

B．A guy next to her talked to her, disturbing her.

C．Her classmates laughed at her.

D．She missed her friends from junior high school.

答案：1～4　DBCB

Ⅲ.Reading for the structure

FIRST IMPRESSIONS

1．Why is the word “IMPRESSIONS” used in the plural form in the title?

Impressions_here_are_about_the_senior_high_school,_teachers,_classmates,_the_maths_class_and_the_chemistry_class_and_so_on.

2．What are your first impressions of your senior high school?

My_new_school_is_good._The_school_yard_is_beautiful._There_are_65_students_in_my_class_—_more_than_my_previous_class_at_junior_high_school.On_my_first_day_of_senior_high_school,_I_was_very_anxious._However,_my_classmates_and_teachers_were_friendly_and_helpful._With_their_help,_I_felt_a_little_relaxed,_not_feeling_lonely_any_more._Now,_I_feel_more_confident_and_believe_my_future_school_life_will_be_wonderful._

二、新知突破——重难细点拨

1．annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的

①He was annoyed with you for your persistency.

他因你的固执而对你生气。

②He was annoyed at/about giving in so easily.

他对自己如此容易屈服很生气。

③It really annoys me when people forget to say thank you.

当有人连谢谢都忘记说时，我确实感到不快。

　单句语法填空

①I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting me.

②She has an annoying (annoy) habit of biting her fingernails.

③She felt annoyed (annoy) to learn that Richard would not be able to come to the party.

④It annoyed me when I thought how much time we had wasted.

2．I'm not outgoing so I'm a little anxious right now.

我是个内向的人，因此我此刻有点儿不安。

★anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的

①The drought has lasted several months and farmers are anxious about the harvest.

干旱已持续了好几个月，农民们很担心(农作物的)收成。

②I'm anxious to get help from you.

我急于想从您那儿得到帮助。

③We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.

→We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.

我们焦急地等待着她平安到达的消息。

　单句语法填空

①He closed his eyes and lay still, trying to remove his mind of anxiety (anxious)．

②Instead of crying, she asked me anxiously (anxious) when her mother would arrive.

③I was especially anxious to_do (do) well at it.

3．I want to make a good first impression.

我想留下一个不错的第一印象。

★impression n．印象；感想

①My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.

我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且体贴的年轻人。

②Premier Li Keqiang has made a good impression on the people all over the world.

李克强总理给全世界人民留下了良好的印象。

③The boy has impressed his doctors with his courage and determination.

那个男孩的勇气和决心给医生们留下了深刻印象。

④Father impressed the importance of working hard on/upon me.

父亲让我铭记努力工作的重要性。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

①What was your first impression (impress) of your senior high school?

②The old professor impressed Amy with his speech.

Ⅱ.一句多译

她甜甜的微笑给我们留下了深刻的印象。

③Her sweet smile impressed_us_deeply.

④We are_deeply_impressed_by her sweet smile.

⑤Her sweet smile made_a_deep_impression_on us.

4．I couldn't concentrate on the experiment.

我无法集中精力做实验。

★concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力)；聚精会神

①I cannot concentrate on my book with all that loud music going on.

吵闹的音乐声不绝于耳，我无法集中精力看书。

②The old professor concentrated his mind on studying the history of Loulan.

老教授专心研究楼兰的历史。

　单句语法填空/完成句子

①Most senior three students concentrate on their studies, which makes their teachers satisfied.

②Listening well also requires total concentration (concentrate) upon someone else.

③When you entered the senior high school, you must concentrate_your_attention_on/upon what you are studying.

当你步入高中时，你必须集中注意力在你所学的东西上。

5．I didn't feel awkward or frightened at all.

我一点儿也没有感到尴尬或害怕。

★frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的

①When you stand at an altitude to see the frightening rapids and waterfalls, you will feel much frightened.

当你站在高处看到可怕的急流和瀑布时，你会感到十分害怕。

②He was a bully.He tried to frighten people into doing what he wanted.

他是个恶霸，总想着恐吓人们按他的意愿做事。

　单句语法填空

①It was a frightening (frighten) night and there was not a single figure in the street.

②Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you into doing that.

③The little girl felt frightened (frighten) when she was left alone at home in the evening.

6．I feel much more confident than I felt this morning.

我感觉比早上时更有自信了。

★confident adj.自信的；有把握的

①Compared with them, we're more confident of success.

和他们相比，我们更有信心取得成功。

②The young man is confident in persuading people to buy what he sells.

那位年轻人有信心说服人们购买他卖的产品。

③He plays with confidence; as a result, every game he improves a lot.

他踢得很自信，因此，每一场比赛他都有很大进步。

　单句语法填空

①I have every confidence (confident) that we can win.

②I can confidently (confident) promise that this year is going to be very different.

③He is confident (confidence) of getting the first place.

7．I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone!

我真的想告诉他安静点，离我远点！

★leave ... alone 不打扰；不惊动

①No wonder you couldn't get through.You've left out a zero in this phone number.

难怪你打不通。你在这个电话号码中漏掉了一个零。

②I think I left my credit card behind at the restaurant.

我想我把信用卡忘在餐厅了。

③I am leaving for Los Angeles tomorrow.

我明天要动身去洛杉矶。

　介、副词填空

①Everywhere they go, they leave behind a trail of grateful smiles.

②My uncle will leave for Shanghai tomorrow morning.

③She's asked to be left alone but the press photographers follow her everywhere.

④It's a shame that many students leave out many important details when doing the experiment.

⑤I wonder why they left aside such an important question.

8．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.

我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。

★此句结构为：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语。句中“most of my classmates and teachers”为宾语，“friendly and helpful”为宾语补足语。“find ＋n./pron.＋宾语补足语”意思是“发现……处于……状态”，常用下列形式：

(1)find ＋n./pron.＋过去分词(表示被动或动作已完成)

①When he arrived, he found all the work finished.

当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都已做完了。

(2)find ＋n./pron.＋现在分词(表示主动或动作正在进行)

②When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.

她进屋时，发现他们正坐在一起唱歌。

(3)find ＋n./pron.＋副词

③I called on her on my way home and found her out.

我在回家的路上去拜访她，发现她不在家。

(4)find ＋n./pron.＋介词短语

④Jane found herself in a different world.

简发现自己来到了一个不同的世界。

(5)find ＋n./pron.＋形容词

⑤She returned to England to find herself famous.

她回到英国，发现自己竟出名了。

　完成句子

①Some students find_the_sentence_hard to understand.

一些学生发现这个句子很难理解。

②They found_themselves_locked in a house.

他们发现他们自己被锁在了一个房子里。

③Through the window I found_him_repairing his car in the yard.

透过窗户我发现他正在庭院里修理汽车。

④When she got home, she found_the_light_in_the_room_off.

当她到家时，发现房间的灯已经关了。

⑤She woke up and found_herself_in_a_hospital_bed.

她醒来发现自己躺在医院的病床上。

9．What if no one talks to me?

如果没人和我说话怎么办？

★“What if ...？”意为“如果……会怎么样？即使……又有什么关系？”

①What if he gets angry? I'm a little worried.

倘若他生气该怎么办？我有点儿担心。

其他类似结构：

②What about going to the cinema tonight? A new film is on show.

今天晚上去看电影怎么样？有一部新电影正在上映。

③—Someone will see you doing it.

—So what?

——会有人看见你做这事的。

——看见又怎么样？

　完成句子

①What_if_it_rains while we are swimming?

如果我们游泳时下雨怎么办？

②What/How_about the weather in your hometown?

你们家乡的气候如何？

③How_come? Why are you late again?

怎么回事？你为什么又迟到了？

三、迁移领悟——活学提素养

1．第一段首句，尤其是短语at last的使用表达了作者对高中生活的期盼，但是a little anxious的使用表明了作者面对崭新的高中生活还存在着一定的担心，此处用程度副词a little修饰anxious恰到好处。anxious的副词形式是①anxiously,_名词形式是②anxiety。

2．第二段中形容词friendly and helpful很形象地描述了新学校中老师和同学们带给作者的感受。

试完成句子：在我们的旅程中，我们发现村民们非常友善且乐于助人。During our travels, we ③found_the_villagers_very_friendly_and_helpful.

3．在第三段中作者使用动词(短语)tried to talk, couldn't concentrate on, please be quiet, leave me alone形象生动地描述了自己上课时不断被旁边的男生打扰的情形。特别是最后一句中用really修饰动词wanted，表达了作者强烈得不耐烦的情绪。really通常置于实义动词前，系动词、助动词和情态动词之后。

试翻译下面的句子：I didn't really mean to hurt you.

④我真的不是有意要伤害你。

4．第四段着重描写了作者的心理变化。从早上的worried到晚上的much more confident，表明作者在慢慢适应高中生活。more confident为比较级，much在此修饰比较级，表示“更……得多”。常用来修饰比较级的副词或短语还有⑤still,_even,_rather,_far,_by _far,_a_bit,_a_little,_a_lot等。

本文以时间为线索，用第一人称记叙了作者在开学第一天的经历：在不同的课堂上接触到了不同的老师和同学(明线)；其中夹杂着自己的情感变化(暗线)。明暗线交织进行，生动形象地展示了作者高中生活的第一天。

1．第一段主要写刚刚踏入高中时作者的心情及顾虑。本段开头So this is it — senior high school at last.中的破折号起强调、解释作用，描绘出作者期待的高中生活终于到来。随后作者又用以下两个问句提出了自己的顾虑：

①Will_I_make_any_friends?

②What_if_no_one_talks_to_me?

2．第二段第二句中作者用but这一转折词引出了自己的观点，而这一观点与“The class was difficult”是相对的。接着又用了even一词，表述作者对“maths class”完全消除了顾虑。在文章中常见到的转折词还有③yet,_however,_though 等。

3．第三段第二句是并列句，连词and，but将三个简单句连在一起。选择合适的连词完成下面的句子：

The school is beautiful ④and the students are friendly, ⑤but she still feels lonely. (and/but/or)

4．第四段开头用了一个感叹句What a day！总结全篇，暗指这是作者经历的不平凡的一天，同时也在文中起到承上启下的作用。

美国高中的实验课

美国高中基本上都是小班教学。高中学校非常重视实验操作，每个学校都配有高标准的实验设备。数理化的课基本以实验为主，主要在实验室开展。学校鼓励创新和开拓思维，特别重视个性发展和自我表现，注重培养动手操作和实践的能力，培养学习兴趣，锻炼学生创造性思维。在实验课上，提倡学生多问，对老师的答复可以提出质疑。学生可以通过操作实验来自由探究问题、解决问题。但是教学目标的不统一性也让学生的学业水平出现了很不平衡的现象。自觉性较高的优等生使自己得到了充分的发展，但对自觉性不高的学生来说，浪费时间较多。因此美国学生的整体实验课学业表现成绩不是很高。

◆in the 1970s　　　　　　　　　 ◆in the 1980s

an enamel pot (搪瓷缸)   a watch

a thermos flask (暖水瓶)   a pen

vanishing cream (雪花膏)   a radio

◆in the 1990s   ◆in the 2000s

a CD player   an iPad

an MP3 player   a smartphone

Beep Pager (BP机)   a computer

根据左边的图文中对70后到00后中国大学新生入学必备品的描述，判断下列表达的对错。

1．The college packing list in the 1970s was simple.(T)

2．Radios and watches did not become popular in college until the mid­to­late 1980s.(T)

3．In the 1990s, Beep Pagers were rarely seen on campus.(F)

4．In 2005, it is no surprise to see freshmen carrying mobile phones.(T)

5．The pictures on the left show us the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards in the past 40 years.(T)

一、语言基础训练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Parents are required to give their children more free time to explore (探索) the natural world.

2．I didn't hate her, but I admit her presence annoyed (使恼怒) me.

3．When we looked around the school, we got a very good impression (印象)．

4．Alice is a very outgoing (外向的) person. She spends a lot of time with her friends.

5．The shy girl felt awkward (令人尴尬的) and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teachers' questions.

6．Television and radio needed many more women in senior_(级别高的) jobs.

7．Many people are against the idea of experiments (实验) on animals.

8．Jim is a talkative guy (家伙), and he likes to have a conversation with anyone.

9．They concentrated (集中) all their attention on finding a solution to the problem.

10．Exercises like walking or running not only bring energy but also build confidence (信心)．

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．Jenny told me her father was ill and she was anxious to_get_(get) help from me.

2．I glanced at the man seated next to me.

3．Playing phone games is relaxing, but as students we must concentrate on our studies.

4．I was frightened (frighten) of being left by myself in the house.

5．Your encouragement made me more confident (confidence) about my future.

6．The new teacher made a good impression (impress) on the students by her humorous talk.

7．One thing we want to_explore (exploration) is how they develop their knowledge of chemistry.

8．I really get annoyed (annoy) at those who cut in line.

9．He never gave up learning English. That was why he was successful_at last.

10．They found themselves locked (lock) in a house.

Ⅲ.选词填空

at last， make an impression， what if， concentrate on， leave ... alone， senior high school， feel awkward， do experiments

1．Her speech made_an_impression on the people present, especially the young.

2．What_if_it rained and then froze all through those months?

3．Young children have a limited attention span and can't concentrate_on one activity for very long.

4．Leave him alone! My son is in one of his moods again.

5．These schools include primary, junior high, and senior_high_school.

6．To our joy, the long hot summer was at an end at_last.

7．Women often say that they will feel_awkward when talking about the topic in sex.

8．Here are the instruments for the students to do_experiments with in the lab.

Ⅳ.完成句子

1．It is especially important to make_a_good_first_impression at a job interview.

在工作面试中留下好的第一印象尤其重要。

2．Her family was poor, so the girl was_anxious_to_finish_school and get a job.

她家里很穷，因此这个女孩急于完成学业找一份工作。

3．The mothers are_frightened_of_the_children going camping, for they may get lost in the mountain.

母亲们害怕孩子们去露营，因为他们在山里可能迷路。

4．We must concentrate_our_efforts_on/upon improving education.

我们必须致力于改进教育工作。

5．What_if she finds out that you've lost her book?

如果她发现你把她的书弄丢了怎么办？

6．He found the text difficult_to_understand.

他发现这篇课文很难理解。

Ⅴ.课文缩写填空

My name is Han Jing. Today is my first day at senior high school. I'll tell you my first 1.impressions (impress) of the new school.

At first, I was anxious 2.about/for_everything. My first class was maths, and 3.it was difficult to learn. However, I 4.found (find) my classmates and teachers 5.friendly (friend) and helpful. The 6.chemistry (chemist) class in the science lab was great. But the guy next 7.to me disturbed me. I wanted to tell him 8.to_leave (leave) me alone. In a word, this is a great day. I didn't feel awkward or 9.frightened (frighten) at all. Now, I feel more 10.confident (confidence) and believe my future school life will be wonderful.

二、语篇阅读训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

When I first met Mrs Caffiere, she was an elegant (优雅的) school librarian at Seattle's View Ridge Elementary, and I was a shy fourth grader. I was trying to go unnoticed, because I had some big disadvantages and a messy desk. And I was trying to hide the fact that I liked to read —  something that was cool for girls but not for boys.

Mrs Caffiere helped make it okay for me to be a messy boy who was reading lots of books.

She pulled me out of my shell by sharing her love of books. She started by asking questions like “What do you like to read？” and “What are you interested in？” Then she found me a lot of books. For example, she gave me great biographies (传记) she had read. Once I'd read them, she would take the time to discuss them with me. “Did you like it？” she would ask. “Why? What did you learn？” She listened to what I had to say. Through those book conversations in the library and in the classroom we became good friends.

Looking back on it now, there's no question that my time with Mrs Caffiere helped excite my interest in libraries and my focus on helping every child in America get the benefit (好处) of great teachers.

I should also thank the teacher who helped me find my strengths when I was nine years old. It's surprising how much power one good person can have in shaping the life of a child.

语篇解读：本文作者通过讲述与Mrs Caffiere的故事告诉我们：遇到一位良师乃人生大幸。

1．What was Mrs Caffiere when the author first met her?

A．A head teacher.　　 B．A school librarian.

C．A college student.  D．A fourth grader.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I first met Mrs Caffiere, she was an elegant (优雅的) school librarian”可知，作者第一次遇到Mrs Caffiere时，她是一名图书管理员。故选B项。

2．What is the author's attitude to Mrs Caffiere?

A．Grateful. B．Doubtful.

C．Disappointed.  D．Concerned.

解析：选A　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“... there's no question that my time with Mrs Caffiere helped excite my interest ...”和最后一段可知，作者对Mrs Caffiere的帮助给予了高度评价，表达了作者的感激之情。故选A项。

3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Mrs Caffiere was a kind woman.

B．Mrs Caffiere helped the author read books.

C．Where Mrs Caffiere helped the author.

D．How Mrs Caffiere helped the author.

解析：选D　段落大意题。根据本段中的第一句“She pulled me out of my shell by sharing her love of books.”可知，本段主要介绍Mrs Caffiere是如何帮助作者走出困境的。故选D项。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Handle Being the New Kid at School

Being the new kid at school can be a terrible experience! It might seem like everybody else knows exactly how to act. But remember you aren't alone. Actually, everybody is nervous on their first day and you can fit right in with the help of the following tips.

Plan ahead the night before. __1__ Lay out your first day outfit (全套服装), pack a lunch, and make sure you have all your school supplies ready to go. Planning ahead can help you get a good night's sleep and feel less nervous about your first day.

__2__ Make sure your clothes are cleaned and pressed and that you've showered, and brushed your teeth. If you're hoping to attract friends with similar interests, try wearing a shirt with your favourite show, musician, or sports team on it. __3__

Do your best to stay calm and positive. It's normal to feel nervous or anxious when you're the new kid at school. If you feel nervous, start by taking some deep breaths. __4__ You can listen to music that makes you feel calm or happy. Try imagining a good first day in your mind instead of keeping thinking about things that could go wrong.

__5__ Don't come in on the first day with your head hanging down, your shoulders lowered, and your eyes on the floor. Walk with your head held up, your back straight, and a bright expression on your face. Make eye contact with other people, and smile if they look at you or speak to you.

A．Use your body language to show confidence.

B．Introduce yourself to your teachers and classmates.

C．Choose clothes that make you feel great.

D．This can be an easy way to start a talk and break the ice a little.

E．You should keep talking and let people know that you are friendly.

F．Remember that everyone is the new kid at some point and that it's not a big deal.

G．You'll feel less worried if everything is ready before you wake up for your first day.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了孩子们如何美好地度过开学第一天。

1．选G　上文“Plan ahead the night before.”说前一天晚上提前做准备，该空承接上文，G选项“如果你在开学的第一天醒来之前做好一切准备，你会减少焦虑”切题，故选G。

2．选C　下文“Make sure your clothes are cleaned and pressed and that you've showered, and brushed your teeth.”说明了选择什么样的衣服，该空引出下文，C选项“选择让你感觉良好的衣服”切题，故选C。

3．选D　上文“If you're hoping to attract friends with similar interests, try wearing a shirt with your favourite show, musician, or sports team on it.”讲了如何吸引有相同兴趣的朋友，该空承接上文，D选项“这是一种开始一段谈话和打破沉默的简单的方法”切题，故选D。

4．选F　上文“If you feel nervous, start by taking some deep breaths.”和下文“ You can listen to music that makes you feel calm or happy.”都讲了缓解紧张的方法，该空承上启下，F选项“记得每个人在某个时刻都是一个新生，没什么大不了”切题，故选F。

5．选A　下文“Don't come in on the first day with your head hanging down ... if they look at you or speak to you.”主要讲了使用身体语言，A选项“使用你的身体语言表现你的自信”切题，故选A。

三、基础写作训练

Ⅰ.完成句子

1．I entered senior high school in September and the new school made a good impression on me.

我在九月进入高中，新学校给我留下了很好的印象。

2．I was a little anxious. What_if_no_one_would_talk_to_me?

我有点焦虑。如果没人跟我说话怎么办？

3．I found my teachers and classmates kind_and_friendly.

我发现我的老师和同学都很和蔼和友好。

4．The lessons were_interesting and I made_many_good_friends.

课程很有趣，我也交到了许多好朋友。

5．I feel much_more_relaxed_and_confident.

我感到更加轻松和自信了。

Ⅱ.连句成篇(将Ⅰ题中的句子加入适当的衔接词连句成篇)

I_entered_senior_high_school_in_September_and_the_new_school_made_a_good_impression_on_me._At_first,_I_was_a_little_anxious._What_if_no_one_would_talk_to_me?_But_soon_I_found_my_teachers_and_classmates_kind_and_friendly._What's_more,_the_lessons_were_interesting_and_I_made_many_good_friends._Now_I_feel_much_more_relaxed_and_confident._

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

——基本句子结构

　　 　 Belief is a kind of invincible strength; when you believe that you can achieve

your goals, you will succeed.

信念是一种无坚不摧的力量，当你坚信自己能成功时，你必能成功。

[主干图解]

[探究发现]

[我的发现]

(1)句1是主谓(SV)结构，此类句型的谓语动词(短语)是不及物动词(短语)。

(2)句2是主谓宾(SVO)结构，该句型的谓语动词(短语)是一个及物动词(短语)。后面必须跟宾语，常用作宾语的有：名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句等。

(3)句3是主系表(SP)结构，此类句型的谓语动词必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整意思。这类动词叫连系动词。表语常由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。

(4)句4是主谓宾宾(SVIODO)结构，即“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”，句中的直接宾语也可提至间接宾语前，此时间接宾语前需加介词to或for。

(5)句5是主谓宾宾补(SVOC)结构，谓语动词后要跟复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)，常用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。

(6)句6是主谓状(SVA)结构，此类句型是在句型主谓(SV)的基础上，接副词、介词短语、不定式等作状语。

(7)句7是主谓宾状(SVOA)结构，此类句型是在句型主谓宾(SVO)的基础上，加副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等作状语。

(8)句8是There be句型，该句型表示某处存在某物或某人。谓语动词除be动词外，有时可用表示存在的动词，如：live, stand, lie, seem/appear to be (好像有), happen to be (碰巧有), used to be (曾经有)等。

 [新知突破]

Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.

汤姆正盼望着能认识这个新的交流生。

★look forward to盼望；期待

①I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

我期盼能尽快收到你的来信。

②She always looked up to her father.

她一直都很敬仰她的父亲。

[联想]　含介词“to”的常见短语：

①lead to 导致　　　　　　　 ②refer to 参考；提及

③stick to 坚持   ④object to 反对

⑤devote to 献身于   ⑥add to 增加

⑦pay attention to 注意  ⑧be used to 习惯于

　介、副词填空

①A good teacher never looks down on/upon slow students.

②I'm really looking forward to seeing you again.

③They are looking into the cause of the accident.

④Look out for pedestrians who may be crossing or standing by your vehicle.

一、句子成分

句子成分包括以下几类：

[即时训练1]　标出下面句子的成分(用S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, C)

①I will_return you the_book tomorrow.

S　　V　 　IO　　DO　　A

②I found the_film interesting.

S　V　 　O　　　C

③She is beautiful_and_smart.

 S　　　　　P

二、基本句式结构

1．主谓结构(SV)：主语＋谓语(不及物动词)

这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，故后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise, matter, begin, come, go, happen, last, appear, work, come true, take place等。

Class │begins.

开始上课。

A Chinese painting exhibition │will take place.

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)

一个中国画展将要举办。

The boy's dream │came true.

这个男孩的梦想实现了。

[即时训练2]　分析句子成分/判断正误

①The_writing_class │had_just_begun.

　 　主语　　　　 　　谓语

②His | home broke out a fire last night.(F)

③A fire | broke out in his home last night.(T)

2．主谓宾结构(SVO)：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语

这种句型中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或动词短语，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。

 The students │have known│the answer.

学生们已经知道了答案。

He │said│“Good morning”.

他说“早上好”。

You │should not give up│studying.

你不应该放弃学习。

He │refused│to help them.

他拒绝帮助他们。

Tim│said│that he could speak Chinese.

蒂姆说他可以说汉语。

[点津]　在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能接在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。

[正]Please wake Li Ling up (＝wake up Li Ling) at 6：30 in the morning.

[正]Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.

[误]Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.

[即时训练3]　翻译句子

①我们学校将举办一次运动会。

Our_school_will_hold_a_sports_meet.

②我的爱好包括旅游和游泳。

My_hobbies_include_travelling_and_swimming.

③你知道他什么时候去的北京吗？

Do_you_know_when_he_left_for_Beijing?

④父亲答应要给我一部手机。

Father_promised_to_give_me_a_cellphone.

3．主系表结构(SP)：主语＋系动词＋表语

这种句型中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词(sound/look/smell/taste/feel)，变化系动词(become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run)，持续系动词(remain/keep/hold/stay)，表像系动词(seem/appear/look)等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。

She │is│ an English teacher.

她是一名英语老师。

Your story│sounds│ interesting.

你的故事听起来很有趣。

His face │turned│ red.

他的脸变红了。

The baby │fell│asleep soon.

婴儿很快就睡着了。

The girl│remained│awake all the night.

那个女孩整夜没睡。

His advice │is│of great help.

他的建议很有帮助。

My father's hope │is│that I can go home frequently.

我父亲的希望是我能经常回家。

[即时训练4]　分析句子成分并尝试翻译

①All_of_them were amazed.

　主语 　系动词　形容词作表语

翻译：他们所有人都很吃惊。

②These_suggestions are of_great_help.

　主语　　系动词　介词短语作表语

翻译：这些建议很有帮助。

4．主谓宾宾结构(SVIODO)：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy, fetch, save, choose, sing等。

It│gives│her│a sense of duty.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)

这给她责任感。

The president│showed│me│her daughter's pictures.

主席给我看了她女儿的照片。

Can you lend│ me │that book?

你能借给我那本书吗？

He│showed│me│how to run the machine.

他教我怎么操作这台机器。

I│told│him│that the bus was late.

我告诉他公共汽车晚点了。

I hope you│can tell│me│the truth.

＝I hope you│can tell│the truth│to me.

我希望你把真相告诉我。

Her father│bought│her│a dictionary.

＝Her father│bought│a dictionary│for her.

她父亲给她买了一本词典。

[即时训练5]　分析句子成分/完成句子

①You had_better_buy_ your friends some small gifts.

主语　　谓语　　　间接宾语　 直接宾语

②Besides, nothing could be better if you could offer_me_some_information (提供给我一些信息)．

③I remember you showed_me_some_photos (给我看了一些照片) on that theme.

5．主谓宾宾补结构(SVOC)：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语

该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。该句式常用于三类动词：①使役动词keep, make, let, have, leave, get等；②感官动词或短语see, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, smell等；③ask, tell, order, request, permit, persuade 等。

They│usually keep│the door│open.

他们通常把门开着。

My teacher│had│me│standing all the morning.

我的老师让我站了一整个上午。

He│made│the girl│cry just now.

他刚才把那个女孩弄哭了。

I│saw│them│getting on the bus.

我看到他们正在上公共汽车。

He│asked│me│to come back soon.

他让我尽快回来。

Mum│requested│me│not to make noise.

妈妈要求我不要发出噪音。

[即时训练6]　翻译句子

①我们必须保持学校干净。

We_must_keep_our_school_clean.

②他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩耍。

His_father_told_him_not_to_play_in_the_street.

③每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

We_all_hear_him_read_English_aloud_every_morning.

6．主谓状(SVA)：主语＋谓语＋状语

该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。

Everything│goes│well.

一切都很顺利。

He│has been standing│there.

他一直站在那儿。

They│talked│for half an hour last night.

他们昨晚聊了半个小时。

His parents│have worked│in the company for ten years.

他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。

She│was reading│when her mother came in.

妈妈进来的时候她正在看书。

[即时训练7]　分析句子成分/完成句子

①The_exhibition will_start on_June_21 and last for_a_week.

　 主语　　 　谓语　　状语　　　 谓语　 状语

②Hopefully,_you can_take_part.

　状语 　主语　谓语

③If accepted, I_will_work_hard (我会努力工作) to offer you best articles.

7．主谓宾状(SVOA)：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语

该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。

The man│raised│his arms│above his head.

那个人把手臂举过头顶。

The girl│enjoys│reading│in the morning.

这个女孩喜欢早上读书。

He│refused│to help them│at last.

他最后拒绝帮助他们。

She│was doing│her homework│at 8：00 last night.

昨晚8点她在做作业。

[即时训练8]　分析句子成分/翻译句子

①One_day some_of_my_students were_talking_about

　状语　　　　主语　　　　　　 谓语

what_they_would_like_to_be_in_the_future.

　　　　　 宾语

②我刚才看到她了。

I_saw_her_just_now.

③昨天，我拜访了一位朋友。

I_visited_one_of_my_friends_yesterday.

8．There be句型

There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。基本结构是： There is/are/was/were ... ＋地点状语。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live, stand, lie, seem/appear to be (好像有), happen to be (碰巧有), used to be (曾经有) 等。

There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.

刚才树下有两个男孩和一个女孩。

There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall.

铃响了，我们进入演讲大厅吧。

There seems to be a little dog under the desk.

好像有一只小狗在桌子下面。

There happened to be a man walking by.

碰巧有个人在此经过。

[即时训练9]　完成句子

①There_are_too_many_cars on the road.

路上的汽车太多了。

②There_will_be more serious air pollution.

空气污染将会更严重。

③There_seems_to_be a lack of communication.

看来是缺乏沟通。

④John opened the door.There_stood_a_girl he had never seen before.

约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一个女孩站在那儿。

品悟—语境中的语法

Once upon a time， there lived three monks in a small temple.There lived ...And they never agreed with one another.SV One autumn night there were thousands of stars in the sky.There be ...A monk was sitting on a rock， holding a fishing rod up to catch one of the stars.SVA This surprised the other two monks.SVO “What a fool you are！” said the second monk. SVO“How can you catch a star with such a short rod？ SVOA You had better have a longer one！ SVO”He gave the first monk a longer rod.SVIODO But the first monk failed again.SVA The third monk saw this and made fun of them.SVO Then he climbed onto the roof of the temple and shouted， “Look！ I'm much nearer to the stars than you.SP And I'll soon catch a star！ SVO”

注：括号中为该句的句子结构。

Ⅰ.选出下面句子分别属于哪种句型

1．Please tell us a story. __d__

2．The man next to me smiled.__a__

3．I have a lot work to do. __c__

4．There stands an old temple on the top of the hill.__h__

5．He noticed a man enter the room.__e__

6．I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. __g__

7．The water is clean in our hometown. __b__

8．I can hear birds singing in the green trees. __e__

9．The little girl smiled happily.__f__

10．She bought herself a new dress.__d__

Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子

1．The_river_looks_very_beautiful (这条河看上去非常美丽) in the early morning.(SP)

2．I hear that a_baby_is_crying_in_the_next_room (一个婴儿正在隔壁房间哭). (SVA)

3．I'm_looking_forward_to_seeing_my_classmates (我盼望见到我的同学们) in the new term. (SVOA)

4．Now the_farmer_is_showing_the_boy_how_to_plant_a_tree (这位农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树). (SVIODO)

5．When he came in, he_found_the_old_man_dead (他发现这个老人死了). (SVOC)

6．The cake_tastes_very_delicious (尝起来很可口). (SP)

7．There_used_to_be_a_great_many_birds (过去有许多鸟) spending the winter here. (There be句型)

Ⅲ.语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

I am now on my year abroad in Germany as part of my university course. At the __1__ (begin) of my time here, I had the chance to meet so many new people and make lots of new friends. It is almost like __2__ (start) a new life and can make you feel nervous and lonely at first. But I knew that when I moved to Germany I had to be open and friendly. This is __3__ (certain) what I have done since moving here and I have made some great friends along the way.

Next week a friend of __4__ (I) is moving to Spain for the next part of her year abroad. She will be living near a beach and have a lot of fun. But I am also __5__ (concern) about her as she will have to start a new life in another new country. She said that she __6__ (want) to go back in time very much.

In order __7__ (say) goodbye to her, a group of friends and I had a surprising party. We made her a scrapbook (剪贴簿) with photos and memories of her time here so __8__ she could take it along! We hope that she has __9__ wonderful time in Spain and that she will get along well __10__ her new classmates and settle into her new home.

语篇解读：作者在德国学习时，一位朋友要离开去西班牙，他和朋友为她送上祝福。

1．beginning　at the beginning of ...意为“在……刚开始的时候”。

2．starting　设空处作介词like的宾语，故填starting。

3．certainly　设空处作状语修饰动词is，故填certainly。

4．mine　设空处作of的宾语，指代“我的朋友”，应用名词性物主代词，故填mine。

5．concerned　be concerned about意为“关心，挂念”。

6．wanted　由“She said that”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填wanted。

7．to say　in order to do ...意为“为了做……”。

8．that　so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”。

9．a　have a wonderful time意为“过得开心”。

10．with　get along well with ...意为“与……相处融洽”。 

Ⅳ.完形填空

Judging people by what he or she looks like has become a common practice in our daily life. Is it wise to do so? The __1__ is “no”．

One day, a(n) __2__ lady and her husband, both __3__ in old but tidy clothes, walked into the __4__ office of Harvard University without being __5__. The president could __6__ in a moment that they had no business at Harvard, and probably didn't deserve (值得) to stay here. For hours, the president __7__ them, hoping that they would __8__ become discouraged and go away. __9__， they didn't. Then the lady said with great care, “We had a son that __10__ Harvard University, he loved Harvard. Unfortunately, he was killed __11__. We would like to donate(捐赠) a building to Harvard University in memory of our son.” The president was __12__ at what he heard. He stared at the ordinary woman, “Donate a building? Do you have an __13__ how much a building costs? We __14__ more than seven million dollars setting up a chemistry lab. Can you __15__ to set up a building？”

The lady was __16__ for a moment. The president was pleased: He could __17__ them now. The lady turned to her __18__ and said quietly, “Is that all costs to start a __19__？” Her husband nodded. The couple walked away, travelling back to Palo Alto, California __20__ they built a university named after their son — Stanford University, which turned out to be a famous university in America.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了一对老夫妇想为哈佛大学捐赠一栋大楼，以纪念意外死去的儿子，却因校长以貌取人而受到百般刁难。最终这对老夫妇以儿子斯坦福的名字命名建立了斯坦福大学。

1．A.power　　　　 B．answer

C．examination  D．attitude

解析：选B　power“力量”；answer“答案”；examination“考试”；attitude“态度”。根据本句的“no”可知，此处是前一句“Is it wise to do so？”的回答。答案是“否”。故选B。

2．A.absent B．elderly

C．alive  D．interested

解析：选B　absent“不在的”；elderly“年老的”；alive“活着的”；interested“感兴趣的”。根据后文内容，这对夫妇曾有个儿子读哈佛大学，可知该夫妇应该是老年人了。故选B。

3．A.warned B．separated

C．persuaded  D．dressed

解析：选D　warn“警告”；separate“分开”；persuade“劝服”；dress“穿”。根据本句中的“clothes”可知，应填“dress”，都是穿着旧但整洁的衣服。故选D。

4．A.president's B．manager's

C．student's  D．customer's

解析：选A　president's“校长的”；manager's“经理的”；student's“学生的”；customer's“顾客的”。根据后文内容可知这对老夫妇是走进哈佛大学校长的办公室。故选A。

5．A.discovered B．injured

C．mentioned  D．invited

解析：选D　discover“发现”；injure“受伤”；mention“提及”；invite“邀请”。根据后文校长的态度可知这对夫妇没有事先预约。故选D。

6．A.tell B．support

C．express  D．prefer

解析：选A　tell“告诉；判断”；support“支持”；express“表达”；prefer“更喜欢”。tell此处是“判断”的意思。校长立刻判断他们与哈佛没有业务往来。故选A。

7．A.organized B．ruined

C．destroyed  D．ignored

解析：选D　organize“组织”；ruin“毁灭”；destroy“破坏”；ignore“忽视”。校长对这对不请自来的老夫妇很不满意，故采取不理睬的态度。故选D。

8．A.however B．besides

C．finally  D．although

解析：选C　however“然而”；besides“此外”；finally“最终”；although“尽管”。校长希望通过自己的冷漠态度让这对老夫妇知难而退，最终无趣离开。故选C。

9．A.Still B．Besides

C．However  D．Suddenly

解析：选C　Still“仍然”；Besides“此外”；However“然而”；Suddenly“突然”。校长没料到这对老夫妇竟然没有离开。故选C。

10．A.attended B．recalled

C．supposed  D．recognized

解析：选A　attend“参加”；recall“回忆”；suppose“假定”；recognize“认识到”。句意：我们有一个在哈佛读书的儿子。故选A。

11．A.on purpose B．in total

C．by accident  D．at present

解析：选C　on purpose“故意”；in total“总共”；by accident“意外”；at present“目前”。根据副词“Unfortunately”推知老夫妇的儿子是意外死亡。故选C。

12．A.shocked B．devoted

C．determined  D．educated

解析：选A　shocked“震惊的”；devoted“献身的”；determined“坚决的”；educated“受过教育的”。校长对这对貌似普通的老夫妇的话感到“震惊”。 故选A。