高中Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案

这是一份高中Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案，共91页。学案主要包含了are等内容，欢迎下载使用。






People Named After the Earthquake in Tangshan

Even though Yang Zhensheng has no memories of his own of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake that flattened his hometown shortly before his birth, the disaster will forever be part of his life — he is named after① it.

In his given name, “zhen” means earthquake and “sheng” means birth. He was the first baby born in the rubble of② Tangshan, after the 7.8 magnitude earthquake which claimed③ more than 242,000 lives on July 28, 1976.

Chinese parents commonly mark historical④ events in the name of their children. In memory of⑤ the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, many of those have the Chinese character “zhen” in their given names.Zhensheng and Kangzhen (earthquake resistant) are among the most common.
“We didn't experience the horror ourselves, but it left a permanent⑥ mark on us，” Yang said.

Perhaps due to his link to the disaster, after graduation Yang went to work in the local Civil Affairs Bureau, the department in charge of⑦ disaster relief, and has been head of the Tangshan sanatorium for paraplegia for more than 10 years.

The powerful⑧ earthquake more than 40 years ago left 3,817 survivors paraplegic, more than 800 of whom are still alive.In the sanatorium, patients receive free treatment, food and accommodations, as well as living allowances.“Born on the day of the tragedy, I'm happy to care for them，” Yang said.
The children of the Tangshan earthquake, born among the rubble and squalor, have been taught the true meaning of gratitude by their parents.

　[多积词汇]
①be named after
以……命名
②in the rubble of
在……废墟中
③claim
v．声称
④historical
adj.历史的
⑤in memory of
为纪念……
⑥permanent
adj.永久的
⑦in charge of
负责
⑧powerful
adj.强大的

由唐山大地震得名的人
对于把他的家乡夷为平地的1976年唐山大地震，杨震生并没有印象——他是在地震不久后出生的。然而，他的身上却有地震带来的抹不去的印记，伴随他的一生——他的名字就因地震而来。
他的名字，“震”即是地震，“生”是出生。1976年7月28日，唐山发生7.8级大地震，约有24.2万人丧生，他是震后在唐山废墟中出生的第一个婴儿。
中国父母通常以历史事件为参照为孩子取名。为纪念1976年唐山大地震，许多孩子名字中带有“震”字。“震生”和“抗震”是地震婴儿中最普遍的名字。
杨震生说：“我们并未亲历这场灾难，但它却给我们留下了永远的印记。”
也许正是由于他与地震的渊源，毕业后，杨震生就到当地负责灾难救援的民政局工作。他担任唐山市截瘫疗养院院长已经10多年了。
40多年前的那场大地震导致3 817人截瘫，如今有800多人尚在人世。在疗养院里，他们的治疗、吃住费用全免，并且都有生活补贴。杨震生说：“作为地震后出生的孩子，能够照顾这些不幸的长辈们，我很乐意。”
唐山地震时期在废墟中出生的孩子，已经从父母那里学会了感恩的真正含义。

Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking

The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances
they want, and if they cannot find them, they make them. —Bernard Shaw
在这个世界上，取得成功的人是那些努力寻找他们想要的机会的人，如果找不到
机会，他们就去创造机会。 ——萧伯纳


1．What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood­hit area?
洪灾地区的救援人员和士兵在做什么？
★rescue n. & vt.营救；救援

①Have you read the article about the rescue of the two miners?
你读过关于营救两名矿工的那篇文章吗？
②Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home.
汤姆在回家的路上从河里救了一个男孩。
③When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，战士们赶来救援我们。
　完成句子
①The mother, along with her two children, was_rescued_from (从……被营救出来) the sinking boat by a passing ship.(rescue vt.)
②They believed that the police would come_to_their_rescue (救援他们)．(rescue n．)
2．Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?
首尔有哪些建筑物受损？
★damage vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失
cause/do damage to　 对……造成损害/损失
①He had an accident and damaged the bike.
他遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
②Eating too much meat one time will cause/do damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会损害你的胃。
③Your father is angry because you have caused/done damage to the flower beds.
你把花坛弄坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。

Ⅰ.完成句子
①The crops were_badly_damaged_by the storm.
庄稼在这场风暴中受损严重。(damage vt.)
②It caused/did_damage_to the income of the local farmers.
它给当地农民的收入造成了损失。(damage n．)
Ⅱ.句式升级(用which引导的非限制性定语从句连接①②)
③The_crops_were_badly_damaged_by_the_storm,_which_caused/did_damage_to_the_
income_of_the_local_farmers.
3．82 killed, 500,000 affected
82人死亡，50万人受灾
★affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
(1)be affected by heat/cold　　　　　中暑/着凉
be affected with high fever 发高烧
be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动/
深受影响
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
①Whatever you say will not affect my decision.
不管你说什么都不会影响我的决定。
②The story of the little hero affected all of us deeply.
那个小英雄的故事深深地打动了我们所有人。
③Affected with high fever, he continued with his work.
尽管发着高烧，他仍坚持工作。
④The eating habits have an effect on our health.
饮食习惯对我们的健康有影响。

Ⅰ.对比填空(affect, effect)
①Don't play around here！Your noise affects my job badly.
②Playing computer games too much will have a bad effect on your study.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
③The firefighter's lung was_affected (affect) because of breathing in the poisonous gas.
④What you say or do will have an effect on others.
4．Shelters set up by the government
政府设立的避难所
★shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
(1)take shelter from　　　　　 躲避……
find/seek shelter from 寻找地方躲避……
give sb. shelter 庇护某人
(2)shelter sb./sth. from ... 保护某人/某物以避免……
shelter from sth. 躲避某物
①It's so hot, and we'd better find a tree to take shelter from the sun.
太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。
②This kind of umbrella can shelter you from the sun.
这种伞能保护你免受日晒。
　单句语法填空/句型转换
①They found shelter from the storm in a barn.
②We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.
→We took shelter from the rain in a doorway.
③The protecting wall can protect our houses from being flooded.
→The protecting wall can shelter our houses from being flooded.

一、教材经典录音再发掘
听教材四段录音完成下面题目
(一)判断下面题目的正误(听第一遍)
1．A strong earthquake hit Ecuador on April 17. ()
2．The people affected by the floods have got a lot of aid and they are safe.()
3．No one was killed in the tornado that happened in southern Memphis, the USA.()
4．According to the police, the landslide didn't cause damage to the area.()
(二)补全下面句子(听第二遍)
1．About 230 people were killed in the earthquake which happened in Ecuador.
2．The government is helping more than 12,000 people in Hunan and Jiangxi get away from the rising_water.
3．No one has been killed in the_floods in central China by now.
4．A tornado was just seen in southern Memphis, the USA and eyewitnesses said that four_homes were destroyed.
5．In Seoul, a landslide damaged a library and a_supermarket in a southern neighbourhood..
二、听力系列技法微指导
不可忽视的否定词
英语中的否定词不止no，not，还有许多其他形式的否定词，掌握好这些否定词对正确理解听力材料的意思、做对听力题具有关键性的作用。下面是一些常见的具有否定语义的词。
1．否定语义的副词和形容词：
hardly, rarely, seldom, little, few等。
2．否定语义的代词和形容词：
nobody, nothing, neither, nor等。
3．否定语义的词缀：
im­， ir­， il­， un­， mis­， dis­， ­less等。
4．否定语义的动词和介词词组：
fail, miss, avoid, deny, hate, refuse, doubt, far from, anything but, instead of, rather than等。
[典例]　What does the woman mean?
A．They don't have many tickets.
B．It's hard for them to get any ticket.
C．All the tickets are sold out.
[听力原文]
M：Do you have any ticket for tomorrow's concert?
W：We hardly have any ticket left, you know.
[分析]　在这段对话里，女士的回答中含有否定语义的副词hardly，所以答句的意思是“我们几乎没剩下多余的票”，选项C与原句意义相吻合。
三、话题场景词汇听中记(听写词汇)
(一)单词
1．disaster　　　　　　　 灾难；灾害
2．trap 使陷入险境；使陷入圈套
3．bury 埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
4．destroy 摧毁；毁灭
5．damage 损害；破坏
6．ruin 破坏；毁坏
7．burst 爆裂；爆发
8．strike 侵袭；突击；击打
9．crash 碰撞；撞击
10．panic 惊慌
11．recover 痊愈
12．concern 担心；关心
13．exist 存在；生存
14．attack 攻击；袭击
15．hopeless 无助的；绝望的
16．shortage 缺乏；不足
17．predict 预报；预言；预告
18．erupt (火山)爆发； (岩浆、烟等)喷出
(二)短语
1．at_an_end 结束；终结
2．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．dig_out 挖掘出；发现
4．a_great_number_of 许多；大量的
5．be_proud_of 以……而自豪
6．judging_from 从……判断
7．be_trapped_in 困在……中，陷在……中
8．be_buried_in 埋头于；被埋葬在……
9．right_away 立刻；马上
10．come_to_one's_rescue 救援某人
11．rebuild_one's_home 重建某人的家园
12．cause_damage_to 对……造成损害
13．take_on_a_new_look 呈现新面貌
14．put_up 搭建
15．natural_disasters 自然灾害；天灾

一、听力强化训练
Ⅰ.听下面方框内的单词，然后根据单词结尾­ed字母的发音将单词归类
damaged, needed, counted, borrowed, finished, stressed, affected, reached, attracted, challenged, pretended, started, planned, focused, hiked, stopped, welcomed, answered
1．/t/　finished,_stressed,_reached,_focused,_hiked,_stopped
2．/d/　damaged,_borrowed,_challenged,_planned,_welcomed,_answered
3．/ɪd/　needed,_counted,_affected,_attracted,_pretended,_started
Ⅱ.听力训练
(一)听第1段材料，完成第1至4题。 根据录音内容判断下列陈述是否正确，正确的在括号内填T，不正确的在括号内填F。
1．The woman is probably a reporter.(T)
2．The man's wife was preparing for breakfast when the earthquake happened.(T)
3．The earthquake took place at 6：15.(F)
4．The earthquake was level 6.(T)
(二)听第2段材料，回答第5至7题。
5．What happened in Africa?
A．A fire has destroyed many more square kilometres.
B．Millions of people are suffering from starvation.
C．Many people are buried under rubble.
6．Which of the following isn't mentioned in the conversation?
A．A flood.　 B．A forest fire.　　C．An earthquake.
7．How many people died during the last disaster?
A．6. B．Less than 20. C．Over 100.
(三)听第3段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is wrong with the speakers' bed?
A．It has a hole in it.
B．It's nearly falling apart.
C．One part of it is lower than the rest.
9．How much does the man think a new bed will cost?
A．$400.　　 B．$500.　　　　C．$900.
10．What will the speakers do tonight?
A．Buy a new bed.
B．Tidy their bed up.
C．Have their bed repaired.
答案：5～10　BABCCA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: Good morning! Here is Juliet specially for the Morning News at 7 o'clock.This morning Northbridge, California was struck by an earthquake.The man beside me is Ben Parmer.Hello, Ben, can you tell me something about what happened?
M: Well, I was outside to feed my pigs when I felt the ground moving left and right.I thought it was an earthquake, but not serious.
W: Was the pigs' eating normal?
M: No, they just walked up and down, seemed to feed up with the food.They seemed to try to get out of the walls.
W: What about your wife? What was she doing then?
M: I shouted at her.She was in the kitchen preparing for breakfast.I watched my watch, and it showed 6：45.
W: Did she feel the earthquake?
M: Yes, she was very terrified.She rushed out of the house.She told me she saw the objects falling from the cupboard and furniture shaking backward and forward.
W: Thank you, Ben.The earthquake was level 6, and no buildings have been reported fallen yet.
(Text 2)
W: Are there any interesting stories in the newspaper today?
M: There are a few stories about natural disasters.There is a massive forest fire in Australia.It has destroyed many more square kilometres.
W: Was it caused accidentally or naturally? Sometimes it gets so hot that fires begin naturally in Australia and Africa.
M: Nobody knows at the moment, but it has been very hot there recently.The drought in Africa is causing starvation.Millions of people have migrated in order to find some food.
W: What is the international community doing to help?
M: The European Union has sent several planes with relief supplies.Several countries have sent soldiers to distribute food and medical supplies.Refugee camps have been set up across the region.
W: How many countries have been affected?
M: Six have been seriously affected, but the refugees are also migrating to several surrounding countries.
W: I saw on the TV yesterday that there has been another earthquake.
M: Yes.There have been a few there recently.They say that this one was not a big quake.The Iranians are dealing with it on their own.They have purchased some special equipment to find people buried under rubble.
W: Does the newspaper say anything about casualties?
M: So far, less than 20 people have died, but over 100 are in hospital.
(Text 3)
W: This bed is sinking.
M: What do you mean, honey?
W: Don't you feel it? Right here, in the middle. It's lower than the rest of the bed. I get very uncomfortable at night. We should buy a new bed.
M: Uh­uh, I don't think so. We don't have the money to get a new one. It's just too expensive. It would take $900 to get a good bed.
W: You're wrong. I saw some on sale for only $400. They're as good as the other ones, just a different brand.
M: $400? If so, I think we can afford that.
W: So can we go check them out tonight and buy one?
M: All right. I admit I've felt a little uncomfortable, too.
二、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The government appealed to the International Red Cross to help the people suffering from the floods (洪灾)．
2．This is one of the worst natural disasters (灾难) that hit the area.
3．An unhappy home environment can affect (影响) a child's behaviour.
4．Firemen were called out to rescue (营救) a man trapped in the building.
5．The people in the earthquake­stricken area are in need of food, medicine and shelters (避难处)．
6．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (摧毁)．
7．The accident caused 3 deaths (死亡) and 20 got injured.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.
2．The late flood did much damage to the village.
3．They were kind enough to let me in and have a shelter from the heavy rain.
4．She was deeply affected by his bravery.
5．Millions of people were threatened with starvation as a result of drought (dry) and bad harvests.
6．Two tigers got away from the zoo last night.
7．He received a flood of grateful telegrams and letters.
8．No one was injured in the explosion, but the building was completely destroyed (destroy)．
9．They said they did not want war — but if attacked they would fight to the death (dead)．
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The palace, which was_damaged_by bombs in World War Ⅱ， still stood.
二战中遭到轰炸的那座宫殿依然矗立着。
2．Helicopters rescued_nearly_20_people_from the roof of the burning building.
直升机从失火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20人。
3．Lily_was_affected_with flu when she was in touch with the patient.
莉莉和病人接触的时候被感染而感冒了。
4．How does the family survive_on such a small monthly wage?
这个家庭依靠这么少的月工资是如何生存的？
5．We found/sought_shelter_from_the approaching storm.
暴风雨快来了，我们寻找地方躲雨。
三、交际交流训练(补全对话)
A
M: Oh, it has been raining for a whole week.I'm tired of this.What is the weather like in your hometown at this time of year, Mary?
W: It is very hot and dry.①________
M: Wow, that's bad.What about the weather recently in your husband's hometown?
W: Oh, the weather there changes very quickly.②________
M: Really?
W: One day last week, we went for a walk in the countryside.When we started in the morning, the sky was blue and it was warm and sunny.There were no clouds at all.③________
M: Oh, no.Did you bring any raincoats?
W: ④________There was no shelter nearby.We had to walk in the rain for a long time.
M: Did you catch a cold?
W: ⑤________
A．No, we didn't bring any raincoats or umbrellas.
B．Yes, I had a bad cold after that, but my husband was OK.
C．A sunny day will probably become very rainy and cold.
D．The temperature is somewhere over 40℃.
E．But at midday, it suddenly started raining and got really windy.
答案：①～⑤　DCEAB
B
M: Hello, Mrs Miles, I'm from Sun Insurance.I'm visiting quite a few homes in this area actually.The storm ①did_a_lot_of_damage (造成了很大损失)．
W: Well, you've been quick.I only phoned two days ago.
M: I know.Well, let's start here at the front, shall we? Uh, you've got a lot of coverings missing off the roof.
W: Yes.The chimney was damaged as well.
M: Oh, yes.Some of the bricks have been blown off. Anything else?
W: Um, you can see the bedroom window on the left ②was_destroyed (destroy)．I've just put some boards over it.
M: OK.Let's walk round to the back.
W: Here we are.
M: Goodness, that tree ③has_fallen_down (已倒下) right onto the fence!
W: Yes.It's a real pity.That was a lovely tree.The shed roof was damaged too, I'm afraid.
M: I see.I've got all that.I'll write up my report and we'll let you ④have_a_check (检查一下) as soon as possible.
W: Thank you so much.
四、语篇阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0.There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experience with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes that to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the_famous_landmark.
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer — something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father”．Minutes later, I was safe outside.
语篇解读：作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
1．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________.
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
解析：选C　写作意图题。作者主要是向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
2．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________.
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6.0
D．all happened in California
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955 ...in California.”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。
3．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?
A．A church.
B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake.
D．The place where the author was born.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
4．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the third earthquake?
A．It happened in the author's sixties.
B．The author succeeded in getting outside.
C．When it happened, the author was in a church.
D．The author was too afraid to walk when it happened.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“I quickly headed for the door to go outside.”可知作者很快就跑出去了。故D项符合题意。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everybody has some goals in life. If you are not acting in a way that will help you achieve those goals, your confidence may be less. __1__
Take real action.
Lack of action. Watching TV isn't an action. Eating isn't an action, too. __2__ It can be a side hustle, a hobby ... Something that you want! Of course, when you set goals for life, you should be able to put them together, and make practical goals.
__3__
If you aren't proud of yourself, how can't you be in low spirits. The quickest way to overcome your situation is to win more often. Both are strong hormones (荷尔蒙) that push you to do more. __4__ You'll get more confidence from winning. This is how you get started — win.
Face up to true selves.
We should know ourselves very well and judge ourselves fairly. Instead of thinking about your own physical imperfections, or always comparing yourself with others' advantages, you should believe that you have bright spots, and that everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. __5__ If we would just accept and trust ourselves, confidence might be much stronger.
A．A real action is something that you want.
B．Calm down and think positively.
C．Keep normal relationships and make more warm­hearted friends.
D．If so, you need to read the following tips.
E．There is no such thing as a perfect person.
F．Once you start to win, you will always go for more winning.
G．High confidence comes with pride.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样增强自信心。
1．选D　每个人都有一些生活目标，如果你没有找到能帮助你实现那些目标的方法，你的自信会减少。根据文章结构可知，空格处起承上启下的作用，本段提出“寻求自信”这一话题，进而引出下文，故D项正确。
2．选A　本段主要谈“采取真正的行动”，根据空格前两句可知，此处解释“真正的行动是什么”，故A项正确。
3．选G　 根据本段的关键词proud和confidence可知，本段的主题与自信和自豪有关。故G项正确。
4．选F　根据空格前两句句意“要想克服困难，最快的方法就是多赢。强烈的荷尔蒙会推动你做出更多的努力”和后一句句意“你会从取胜中获得更多自信”可知，此处是起到连接作用，F项中承接上文“多赢”，连接下文“从取胜中获得更多自信”，故F项正确。
5．选E　根据本段主题句“Face up to true selves.”可知，此段主要是谈要面对真实的自我，每人都有自己的优点和缺点，此处表示“完美无缺的人是不存在的”，故E项正确。












Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking

　　 　 People often ask me if I know the secret of success, and if I could tell others how to
make their dreams come true. My answer is, you do it by working. —Walt Disney
人们时常问我是否晓得成功的诀窍，能否告诉别人怎样使他们的梦想成为现
实。我的回答是：身体力行。 ——华特·迪士尼(美国实业家)


Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后背)
1．crack n．　　　　　　　 裂纹；裂缝
vi.& vt. (使)破裂
2．ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
3．per_cent n. 百分之……
adj. & adv. 每一百中
4．brick n. 砖；砖块
5．metal n. 金属
6．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n. 险境；陷阱
7．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
8．effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
9．context n. 上下文；语境；背景
10．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的
11．electricity n．电； 电能→electric adj.用电的；带电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
12．breathe vi. & vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
13．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
14．unify vi. & vt.统一；(使)成一体→unite v．团结；联合
15．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.聪明的；有智慧的
16．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难
Ⅱ.词块识记关(先填后背)
1．as_if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in_shock 震惊；吃惊
4．come_to_an_end 结束；终结
5．dig_out 挖掘出；发现
6．the_number_of ……的数目
7．blow_away 把……吹走
8．instead_of 而不是
9．in_times_of 在……的时候
10．cut_across 横穿
11．in_the_well_walls 在井壁上
12．look_for_places_to_hide 寻找藏身之处
13．as_usual 和往常一样
14．tens_of_thousands_of 成千上万的
15．bury_the_dead 埋葬死者
16．get_up_on_one's_feet 站起来
17．become_a_home_to 成为……的家园
18．the_rest_of_the_world 世界其他地方
Ⅲ.句式理解关
1.

教材原句
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物内。
句式解构
Too ...to ...“太……而不能……”。
佳句背诵
We had intended to take a two­day trip, but we were too busy to afford it..
我们本打算去旅游两天，但是太忙了，抽不出时间。
2.
教材原句
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
句式解构
as if“仿佛；好像”，后常接表语从句或方式状语从句。
佳句背诵
It seemed as if he knew everything that happened last night.
他好像知道了昨晚发生的一切。
3.
教材原句
Thousands of children were left without parents.
成千上万的孩子变成了孤儿。
句式解构
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
佳句背诵
He left the album open on the table.
他把相册摊在桌子上没收起来。

4.
教材原句
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。
句式解构
everywhere在此用作连词，意为“无论哪里”，引导状语从句。
佳句背诵
Everywhere she goes, she receives a warm welcome.无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。
5.
教材原句
Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
水、食物和电都很难获得。
句式解构
“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构。
佳句背诵
He said that the problem was not difficult to settle.他说这个问题不难解决。
Ⅳ.长句分析关
1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
[句式分析]　

[尝试翻译]　在城市正下方11千米处，20世纪最致命的地震之一已经开始，这场地震甚至对在150千米以外的北京也造成了破坏。
2．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
[句式分析]　

[尝试翻译]　唐山市已经向中国和世界证明，在灾难发生的时候，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极的态度，为更光明的未来而奋斗。


一、语篇理解——三遍细读文

Pre­reading
What might happen to a place when there is an earthquake? Look at the following pictures and then fill in the blanks.
　
The water in the wells 　　　 and 　　　　. And some deep 　　　　 could be seen in the well walls. A 　　　　 gas came out of the cracks.
　
　


答案：Picture A: rose; fell; cracks; smelly
Picture B: nervous; refused
Picture C: looking for; jumped
Picture D: bright

While­reading
Ⅰ.Reading for the main idea
1．What's the main idea of the text?
A．A terrible earthquake of Tangshan.
B．Before the earthquake of Tangshan.
C．During the earthquake of Tangshan.
D．Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan.
答案：A
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1　A．The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2　B．The earthquake happened and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan.
Para.3　C．Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4　D．Strange things happened, but no one paid attention to them.
Para.5　E．Tangshan came back to life again.
答案：Paras.1～5　DBACE
Ⅱ.Reading for the details
1．阅读文章第一段，回答下列问题：
(1)How many signs are given that suggest an earthquake would happen?
Nine.
(2)Why were people asleep as usual before the earthquake?
They_didn't_realize_the_arrival_of_an_earthquake.
2．阅读文章第二段，选择最佳答案：
(1)When did the earthquake happen?
A．At night on July 28, 1976.
B．On the morning of July 28, 1976.
C．On the afternoon of July 28, 1976.
D．The writer didn't tell us.
(2)How many people who lived there were dead or injured?
A．A half.　　　　　　　　 B．Two thirds.
C．One third. D．The text didn't tell us.
答案：(1)B　(2)B
3．阅读文章第三段，判断正误：
(1)After the earthquake water was enough because there was water in the wells.(F)
(2)The people in the city were shocked and didn't know how long the earthquake would last.(T)
4．阅读文章第四段，选择最佳答案：
What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean?
A．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal.
B．The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.
C．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
D．Most of the 10,000 miners were rescued.
答案：A
5．阅读文章第五段，判断正误：
(1)The new Tangshan has more than seven million people.(T)
(2)The people in Tangshan always stay negative in times of disaster.(F)
Ⅲ.Reading for the structure
Tangshan Earthquake
Before the
earthquake
·The water in the village wells 1.rose_and_fell again and again.The well walls had deep cracks in them, of 2.which some smelly gas came out.
·Animals like chickens and pigs became too 3.nervous to eat.
During the
earthquake
At 3：42 a．m., everything began to 4.shake.A huge crack with eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut 5.across houses, roads, and waterways.And hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.
Damages
of the
earthquake
Over 400,000 people were killed or 6.injured in the earthquake.And nearly everything was 7.destroyed.
The help
from the
whole
nation
The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were 8.trapped and to bury the dead.More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built 9.shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
The great
success
people have
achieved
The new city has become a home 10.to more than seven million people，with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment.


Post­reading

1．Why did so many people die in Tangshan Earthquake?
Because_it_broke_out_on_the_early_morning_and_most_people_were_asleep_at_that_time.
2．Compared with Tangshan Earthquake, why did less people die in Wenchuan Earthquake?
Because_it_broke_out_in_the_afternoon_and_most_people_were_working_at_that_time.
3．What spirit can we learn from the two big earthquakes?
When_we_are_in_times_of_disaster,_we_must_unify_and_show_the_wisdom_to_stay_positive_and_rebuild_for_a_brighter_future.
二、新知突破——重难细点拨

1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物内。
★too ...to ...意为“太……而不能……”，too修饰形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。在“too ...to ...”结构中有时出现可数名词单数，此时该结构的形式通常为“too＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋to ...”。
①The sentence is too difficult for me to translate.
＝The sentence is difficult enough for me to translate.
这个句子太难我翻译不了。
②Your brother is too young a boy to be fit for the work.
＝Your brother is so young a boy that he is not fit for the work.
你弟弟太小还不能胜任这项工作。
too ...to ...结构表示肯定意义的情况：
(1)当too之后跟的是表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad, eager, anxious, happy, ready, nervous, pleased等时；
(2)当“too ...to ...”结构中含有not或never等否定词时；
(3)当too前有only, just, simply, all, but等词时。
③He is too eager to know the result of the exam.
他太想知道考试成绩。
④You will be never too careful to go across the street.
过马路时，你再小心也不为过。
⑤She was just too touched to see you.
见到你她太激动了。

Ⅰ.句型转换
①The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.
→The house is too expensive for me to buy.
②The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
→The problem is so difficult that I can't work it out.
③Hearing the news, the teacher was so delighted.
→The teacher was too delighted to hear the news.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
④天太热，我们无法工作。
It's_too_hot_for_us_to_work.
⑤我非常想去环球旅行。
I_am_too_eager_to_travel_around_the_world.
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
★as if (＝ as though)“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
(1)本句中as if＝as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.
快点！看起来火车要开了。
(2)as if还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反
从句谓语动词用would/could/might do
②They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。
③It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？
④He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说些什么。
　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He treats me as if I were (be) his own daughter.
②They talked as if/though they had_been (be) friends for years.
③It seems as_if_the_noise_comes_from_downstairs.
噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。
3．In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。
★ruin n. & vt.破坏；毁坏
(1)be/lie in ruins　　　　 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin 成为废墟
(2)ruin one's hope 使某人的希望破灭
ruin one's health 损害某人的健康
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
①Heavy smoking ruins your health, so you should give up smoking.
吸烟过量会损害你的健康，因此你应该戒烟。
②Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been in ruins.
自从地震以来，这座寺庙一直是废墟一片。
③A large number of buildings fell into ruin after the earthquake.
地震后，许多建筑都毁了。
[辨析]
Destroy
指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”某物，程度较深
Ruin
指严重的以至于不能修复的“破坏”，但这种“破坏”不指毁灭某物，而是指长期损坏的结果；也可用来表示抽象概念
Damage
指程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复


Ⅰ.选词填空(destroy, damage, ruin)
①Many buildings were completely destroyed in the earthquake.
②Entire villages have been washed away and crops ruined.
③The sun can damage your skin.
Ⅱ.完成句子
④The houses on the seaward side of the road were all in_ruins.
马路临海一侧的房子全部沦为了废墟。
⑤After the explosion, the whole building fell_into_ruin.
爆炸过后，整座大楼沦为废墟。
4．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
在地震中丧生或重伤的人数超过40万。
★the number of ……的数目
①The number of college graduates in a country reflects its cultural standard.
一个国家大学毕业生的数量反映出这个国家的文化水平。
[辨析]　
a number of
很多；许多
在number之前可加large, small, great, good等表示程度的词；只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
the number of
……的数目
修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式

②A great number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.
我的家乡建立了许多新工厂。
③As you can see, the number of cars on the roads keeps rising these days.
正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。

Ⅰ.对比填空(a number of, the number of)
①A_number_of students were absent from the meeting.
②As a consequence, the_number_of polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
③The number of undergraduates has_increased (increase) over the years.
④A good number of books in the market are (be) still examination­oriented (以考试为中心的)．
5．People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.
当时人们都很震惊，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。
★shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
(1)come as a shock　　　　　 令人震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked that 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
①I know this may come as a shock to you.
我知道这可能让你们很震惊。
②We are shocked that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.
我们感到震惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。
③I was shocked to hear that our factory would have to be forced to close.
听说我们的工厂将被迫关闭，我非常震惊。
④The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is shocked at it very much.
他突然死亡的消息如此令人吃惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。
[点津]　shocked“感到震惊的”，表示人的心理状态和心理感受；shocking“令人震惊的”，说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
　完成下面小语段
People ①were_shocked_to_see that the UFO was flying over the city.The ②shocking news ③shocked all the people around, which was also ④a_great_shock to people all over the country.
人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物正在这座城市的上空飞行。这个让人震惊的消息震惊了周围的人们，也震惊了全国各地的人们。
6．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
★trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
(1)be trapped in　　　　　　　 困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事
(2)set a trap for 给……设圈套
fall into a trap 落入圈套/陷阱
①When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在了山上，等待救援。
②We trapped him into telling the truth.
我们设圈套使他讲出实情。
③If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap.
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
[即时训练1]
Ⅰ.完成句子
①They have_been_trapped (被困) here for three days.
②That big boy always traps_other_children_into_doing_things (哄骗其他孩子做事) for him.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
③The team were trapped in the burning building and they were eager to wait for rescue.
队员们被困在燃烧的大楼中，焦急地等待救援。
Ⅲ.句式升级
④用who引导的定语从句改写练习③
The_team_who_were_trapped_in_the_burning_building_were_eager_to_wait_for_rescue.
★bury vt.埋葬；安葬
(1)bury ... in ...　　　　 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
①She buried her face in her hands and wept.
她掩面而泣。
②Since his wife left, he's burying himself in his work.
自从妻子离开以后，他一直埋头于工作。
③Buried in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
[即时训练2]　一句多译
他专心致志地学习。
①He_buries/buried_himself_in_his_study.(bury oneself)
②He_is/was_buried_in_his_study.(be buried in)
由于埋头读书，他不知道外面下雨了。
③Burying_himself_in_the_book,_he didn't know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词burying作状语)
④Buried_in_the_book,_he didn't know it was raining outside.(使用过去分词buried作状语)
7．What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?
你认为遭受过地震灾难的人们需要什么样的帮助？
★suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
①Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering great pain and discomfort.
几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍，全身不舒服。
[辨析]
suffer
from
表示“遭受战争、自然灾害所带来的苦难”及“患病”，后跟a war, the flood, cough, headache, flu等
suffer
其宾语通常是表示损失、失败、痛苦等抽象意义的词，如pain, loss, punishment, disappointment等
②He's been suffering from cancer for two years.
他得癌症已经两年了。

Ⅰ.对比填空(suffer, suffer from)
①I'm suffering_from a real lack of time this week.
②They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
Ⅱ.完成句子
③Fortunately he suffered_no_pain.
幸好他没感到疼痛。
④He suffered_from all kinds of diseases in those years.
那些年他身患各种各样的病。
三、迁移领悟——活学提素养

1．文中第一段第五句中用“nervous”和“refused”这两个词形象地表达了动物们在地震前的异常反应。这两个词是写作的高频词汇。
请根据汉语意思，完成下面的句子：①I'm_always_nervous (我总是感到紧张) when I speak in public, so I often ②refuse_to_make_a_speech (拒绝发表演讲) in our school.
2．文中第二段第三句中用“deadly”一词要比“terrible”更合适，更能直接地表达出地震的危害程度。deadly是形容词，请写出以­ly结尾的其他形容词：③likely adj.可能的；④lovely adj.可爱的；⑤lively adj.生动活泼的；⑥lonely adj.孤独寂寞的；⑦friendly adj.友好的
3．文中第四段最后一句“Slowly, the city began to breathe again.”使用了拟人的表达方法，更形象地描写了地震后人们恢复了正常生活的情景。此外，动词tell, see, witness等常用于拟人表达。
尝试用witness完成下面的句子：⑧Our_city_witnesses_four_different_seasons (我们的城市四季分明), plenty of sunshine and good rainfall.

1．文中第四段第一句“But hope was not lost.”中“But”这一转折词引出了地震后的全国人民的支援和救援工作，与第二、三段所描述的地震给人们带来的危害相反。文章过渡中常用到的转折词还有①yet,_though,_however 等。
2．文中最后一段第一句“The city began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.”是承上启下的句子，进一步说明地震后人们恢复正常生活所取得的成就。
阅读下面的小片段，选择恰当的过渡句
Many people study English for many years.Even after years of studying, they go to an English­speaking country and realize that they cannot say one sentence correctly. This is going to change for people who finish this course.You will be able to speak English in many different situations.
②________ If you have bought many books and attended many classes in English only to get disappointed and discouraged, you can be confident that TalkEnglish.com will be different.Anybody who completes this program will have the ability to speak to anyone in any situation.
A．Learning English is very easy.
B．That is what you will be learning.
C．Therefore, you can speak very freely.
D．Being able to speak English is more difficult than people realize.
答案： D


“一方有难，八方支援”一直是中华民族的优良传统，是我们宝贵的精神财富，集中体现为人与人之间的相互帮扶和支持。
唐山大地震是一场震惊世界的大灾难！地震发生后，全国人民在党和政府的领导下万众一心、众志成城，迎难而上、百折不挠，共同取得了抗震救灾斗争的胜利。人民解放军临危不惧，顽强奋战在抗震救灾第一线；全国各地区各部门和社会各界调集大量人力、物力、财力，支援灾区抗震救灾；亿万人民群众向灾区人民慷慨解囊，为受灾群众解难、替国家分忧，谱写了一曲“一方有难，八方支援”的社会主义互助精神的时代壮歌。


Rescue workers confirmed on Monday that at least 60 people are dead after a dam collapsed (倒塌) in Minas Gerais state in Brazil.
Officials say at least 300 other people remain missing.
The dam, owned by Brazil's Vale mining company, collapsed on Friday 25 January in the town of Brumadinho.Water and mud swept over hundreds of mine workers as they were taking a lunch break.
Search efforts continued on Monday.Rescue workers used long pieces of wood to cross mud­covered areas to search for bodies inside of a bus.
Brazil's top prosecutor, Raquel Dodge, said Vale should be held responsible and criminally prosecuted.She added that executives working there could also be personally held responsible.
Questions：
1．When did the dam collapse that day?
At_lunch_time.
2．Who do you think should be responsible for the event?
Vale_and_the_executives_working_there.
3．What measures do you think we should take to prevent this kind of disasters?
The_answer_is_open.


一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort (努力)．
2．I have dreams of this place and wonder what it would be like to breathe (呼吸) this air.
3．Latest reports say that mudslides buried (埋) entire villages.
4．The number of families seeking shelters rose by 17 percent (百分比)．
5．Don't leave the lights on.It wastes electricity (电)．
6．His bad habits ruined (毁灭) his chance of having a bright future.
7．After the woman heard that her husband was killed in the car accident, she went into shock (休克)．
8．In order to catch the bear, some villagers set a trap (陷阱) and covered it with some leaves.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The boy walked in as if he had_bought (buy) the whole school.
2．He was_trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
3．It was a shocking story, and we all got shocked. (shock)
4．Burying (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn't notice what was happening.
5．Years of fighting have left the city in ruins (ruin); it would take a lot of money to rebuild it.
6．A number of teachers are present today, the number of whom is 300. (be)
7．We have to wait until the discussion between them comes to an end.
8．His friend has suffered from illness for years.
Ⅲ.选词填空

1．After the exam, all the lessons in school also came_to_an_end.
2．It was reported that an American couple had dug_out a lot of gold coins from their own yard.
3．She was_buried_in thought, so she didn't notice the water was boiling.
4．Why don't you play football instead_of just looking on?
5．The city lay in_ruins after the earthquake.Now, rows of houses are being built.
6．They are_trapped_in the burning building.Please call the fire department right away.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．It_seemed_as_if he knew everything that happened last night.
他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。
2．If that were true, both companies would suffer_a_great_loss.
如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。
3．Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。
4．He was_burying_himself_in_studying when I came in.
我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。
5．I was_shocked_to_hear_that he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息，我非常震惊。
6．So you can see, I'm far too_busy_with_living_to_think_of giving up!
因此你可以知道，我整天忙于生活，根本没时间去考虑放弃！
Ⅴ.课文缩写填空
Strange things happened before Tangshan earthquake happened.The well walls had deep cracks. Some 1.smelly (smell) gas came out of them.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.At 3：42 2.on the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake.3.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！A huge crack cut across houses, roads, and waterways.Hard hills of rock became rivers of 4.dirt (dirty)．Soon the whole city lay in 5.ruins (ruin)．Many people died or were 6.injured (injure)．Everything in the city was destroyed.People were 7.shocked (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last.The army sent soldiers to dig out those 8.who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for 9.survivors (survive)．Water and food were taken to the city.Slowly the city began to 10.breathe (breath) again.Tangshan city has proved that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
二、语篇阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
If the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently. However, there are places in the rocks of the earth's crust where it isn't strongly held together — where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!
The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000.The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.
One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755.The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventy­five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.
Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.
语篇解读：本文介绍了地震起因及历史上几次大地震。
1．The first paragraph mainly tells us________.
A．where earthquakes happen
B．how earthquakes happen
C．the damage caused by earthquakes
D．famous earthquakes in the world
解析：选B　段落大意题。通读第一段可知，本段介绍了地震的起因。
2．The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “________”．
A．shaking　　　　 B．force
C．energy D．losing
解析：选A　词义猜测题。一块岩石有可能用力挤压另一块岩石，地壳的能量发生了改变导致岩石晃动，于是地震发生了。vibration意为“晃动”，故A项正确。
3．Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened?
①the San Francisco earthquake
②the earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal
③the earthquake in Calabria and Sicily
④the earthquake in central Italy
⑤the earthquake in Gansu Province
⑥the Tokyo quake
A．③④⑤⑥②① B．⑤⑥②①③④
C．②①③④⑤⑥ D．①③④②⑤⑥
解析：选C　细节理解题。由文章第二、三、四段可知，地震发生的时间顺序为C项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people think that English writing is difficult. __1__ Here are some great writing tips that will help you improve your writing in a short time.
Don't ramble (长篇大论). This is a very common mistake made by people who have poor writing skills. When they ramble, they are not paying attention to grammar. As a result, their sentences become very long. __2__ If you know you have poor grammar, use short sentences.
__3__ Think about each sentence carefully to make sure that it is correct before moving on. It's better to write a short passage that is easy to read and error­free than to write a long article that is filled with grammar errors.
Increase your vocabulary. If you don't have a large vocabulary, you will find it difficult to write as you can't find right words to express (表达) yourself clearly. The solution (解决办法) to this problem is to increase your vocabulary. __4__ You can do this by reading the local daily newspapers, borrowing books from the library or watching English programs.
Don't write when you are tired. Tiredness can lead to nothing to write. If you find yourself looking at a blank piece of paper with nothing to write, don't just sit there! Take a walk or a warm shower, or simply lie down to get some rest. __5__ You'll find that you'll enjoy your writing a lot more and make fewer mistakes!
A．Find out the mistakes you've made.
B．Make sure your sentences are correct.
C．You can pick up new words almost anywhere.
D．Write what interests you most in the beginning.
E．As a result, they may give up after trying hard for a while.
F．The longer the sentences are, the more mistakes they'll make.
G．When your mind is relaxed, you should go back to your writing.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章给出了提高写作水平的几条技巧。
1．选E　上一句提到了很多人认为英语写作很难，而这种想法的结果是他们努力尝试一段时间后也许就放弃了。
2．选F　该空前后内容都在围绕“句子”展开，选项B和F中都有sentences，再结合该空前一句中的“their sentences become very long”可知，应选F。
3．选B　该空为该段的主题句，根据该段中出现的“correct”， “error­free”， “grammar errors”可知，该段内容与句子的正确性有关，故选B。
4．选C　该段内容围绕词汇量展开，七个选项中提到单词的是C项，再根据该空后一句可知，C项“你几乎可以在任何地方学到新单词”正确。
5．选G　该空前一句内容与如何放松有关，再根据该空下一句可知，本空为过渡句，承接上文的“放松”和下文的“动手写作”。

三、基础写作训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．It_is_known_that_Wenchuan_was_hit by a severe earthquake on May 12, 2008.
众所周知，汶川在2008年5月12日遭遇了一场大地震。
2．Most schools, including our school, were_damaged_completely.
大多数学校，包括我们的学校，都遭到了彻底的破坏。
3．Our school is taking on a new look, full_of_life!
我们的学校正呈现着崭新的面貌，充满生机。
4．Tall_buildings_have_been_set_up,_including classrooms, a laboratory and a library.
高层建筑已建成，包括教室、一座实验室以及一座图书馆。
5．In the new environment, teachers and students are living happily and working hard.
师生在新环境中幸福地生活，勤奋工作。
6．There are smiles_on_everyone's_face.
每个人的脸上都洋溢着笑容。
7．All_is_owed_to_our_party,_our_motherland and the whole warm­hearted people all over the world.
这一切都归功于我们党、我们的祖国和全世界的热心人。
8．Without_their_help,_there would be no new and beautiful school today.
没有他们的帮助，就不会有今天崭新美丽的校园。
Ⅱ.连句成篇(将Ⅰ题中的句子加入适当的衔接词连句成篇)
It_is_known_that_Wenchuan_was_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12,_2008.Most_schools,_including_our_school,_were_damaged_completely.However,_our_school_is_taking_on_a_new_look,_full_of_life!_Tall_buildings_have_been_set_up,_including_classrooms,_a_laboratory_and_a_library._In_the_new_environment,_teachers_and_students_are_living_happily_and_working_hard._So_there_are_smiles_on_everyone's_face._Obviously,_all_is_owed_to_our_party,_our_motherland_and_the_whole_warm­hearted_people_all_over_the_world.Without_their_help,_there_would_be_no_new_and_beautiful_school_today.

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures——定语从句(1)

You cannot improve your past, but you can improve your future. Once time is
wasted, life is wasted.
你不能改变你的过去，但你可以让你的未来变得更美好。一旦时间浪
费了，生命就浪费了。


[主干图解]


[探究发现]
1．The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2．We don't know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the disaster.
3．Harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.
4．The only thing that is wrong with this is what my brother said to me the other day.
5．We talked a lot about the actor and the film that interested us at the party.
6．Who that you have ever known can help me with it?
7．The teacher whom/who/that you are waiting for is coming.

[我的发现]
(1)句2、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词who/that，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
(2)句1中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作主语。
(3)句1、2、4、5、6、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词that，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
(4)句3中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语，既可以指人也可以指物。
(5)句4中的定语从句使用了关系代词that，当先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系词只能用that。
(6)句5中的定语从句使用了关系代词that,_当先行词既指人又指物时，关系词只能用that。
(7)句6中的定语从句使用了关系代词that，当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
[新知突破]
1.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
提供给灾区的供给品是从全国各地募捐而来的。
★supply n. 供应(量)；补给；(pl.) 补给品 vt.供应；供给
(1)be in short supply　　　　　　　短缺
a supply of 一批，很多
(2)supply sth. to sb.＝supply sb. with sth.
向某人提供某物
①Trees supply shade in summer.
树木在夏季提供阴凉处。
②The pipeline will supply major cities with natural gas.
这条管道将为主要城市供应天然气。
③Raw materials are in short supply.
原材料供应不足。
　完成句子/一句多译
①战争期间许多药物供应不足。
Many drugs were in_short_supply during the war.
那家公司向印刷商提供纸张。
②That company supplies_paper_to_the_printers.
③That company supplies_the_printers_with_paper.
2．She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
她正在喂这个在地震中幸存下来的婴儿。
★survive vi. 生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
(1)survive sth.　　　　 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
A survives B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)
(2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
①Officials said there were no survivors of the plane crash.
官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。
②Having survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
熬过那个晚上，我们相信其他一切都会好的。
③As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.
据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。
④If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival.
如果他找不到走出森林的路，他生存的可能性就会很小。
[点津]　survive 表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因此不要加多余的介词in, from等。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
①Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
②He was barely surviving on his earnings as an artist.
Ⅱ.完成句子
③His parents died in World War Ⅱ， but_he_survived (但是他幸存了下来)．
④They did not know how they could survive_the_cold_night (挨过这个寒冷之夜)．

一、定义
1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。
Danny was the man (who) we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
I don't know who you are and whom you represent.
我不知道你是谁并代表了谁。
3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
[即时训练1]　关系代词填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
②Those who want to see the film set down your names, please.
③This is the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son.
④The girl who graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.
⑤I like those books whose topics are about history.
⑥Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The pen (which) you found yesterday is mine.
昨天你发现的那支钢笔是我的。
The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.
小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)
[点津]　(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
[误]The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.
[正]The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day?
那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
[即时训练2]　关系代词填空
①Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.
②Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?
③The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible.
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
3．当先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
That's the only thing that we can do now.
那是我们目前唯一能做的事。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
[即时训练3]　完成句子
①This is the most beautiful park that_I_have_visited.
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
②She took photographs of the things and people that_she_was_interested_in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
③Reading was the_only_thing_that interested her most.
读书是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
品悟—语境中的语法
The Choice of Word
One day, John was back home after work.He found that his wife was shaking their daughter who was only half a year old.She said “Daddy” to the baby many times.John felt very happy because he thought his wife chose the word “Daddy” to teach their baby.
During one night several weeks later, John and his wife were woken up by the cry “Daddy”．His wife said to him, “Darling, she is calling you.” Then she turned to sleep.
点评：本文中第二句“He found that his wife was shaking their daughter who was only half a year old.”使用了who引导的定语从句，who指代先行词their daughter，在定语从句中充当主语。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I still remember the earthquake that/which happened in 2008 in Sichuan.
2．Have you read the book which/that was written by Anne Frank?
3．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
4．Is this the teacher who/that rescued several students from the burning building?
5．Do you know the lady who/that/whom our English teacher is talking with under the big tree?
6．It is the tallest building that John has seen ever since he came here.
7．My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1,000 yuan.
8．She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.
9．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
10．The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
11．Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?
12．Some countries whose names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.
13．Anyone who/that failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his/her reason.
14．All that we need is enough rest after long hours' work.
15．On the train I saw a girl who/that I thought was your sister.
16．Have you seen the film Titanic whose leading actor is world­famous?
17．This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.
18．The pen that/which he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
1．Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.
→Do you know the man who/that_spoke_to_the_headmaster just now?
2．I have seen the film.They're talking about the film.
→I have seen the film that/which_they're_talking_about.
3．The book was written by Mark Twain.Mark Twain was a famous American writer.
→The book was written by Mark Twain who_was_a_famous_American_writer.
4．Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave the dress to her.
→Last week Mary wore the dress that/which_I_gave_to_her.
5．The girl is from America.Her father is a Chinese.
→The girl whose_father_is_a_Chinese is from America.
6．My grandparents live in a house.The house is more than 100 years old.
→My grandparents live in a house which/that_is_more_than_100_years_old.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．This is the very hotel (that)_I_stayed_at when I was travelling here.
这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
2．He is a man whom_we_are_all_ready_to_learn_from.
他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
3．This is the very book that_I_am_looking_for.
这正是我要找的那本书。
4．The earthquake that/which_happened_in_Tangshan_in_1976 shocked the people all over the world.
发生在1976年的唐山大地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
5．She is one of the girls who_have_passed_the_exam.
她是通过考试的女孩之一。
6．I don't know the girl whom/that_you_speak_to.
我不认识和你说话的那个女孩。
7．Who is the man that_is_standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个男子是谁？
8．I looked up at my friend whose_look_on_the_face_was_excited.
我抬头看我的朋友，他脸上的表情是兴奋的。
9．The teacher is saying something to the student whose_mother_(has)_died in the accident.
老师正在与那位在事故中失去妈妈的学生说着什么。
10．Those_who_survived_the_floods_could hardly believe what had happened.
那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sarah Jayne is a twenty­year­old girl from the U．K. After she read the book Pay It Forward, she realized that our world would become a much __1__ (good) place if everyone could do three favours (善意的行为) for others. She lost her father __2__ the age of eight, so she felt pity for her friends' children whose dad died __3__ (recent). Sarah talked and played with the children to make their mothers' life easier.
This “success” led to the second favour, which was to set up a counseling (咨询) service at her school __4__ (help) improve the students' mental (心理的) health. Her third favour was for a neighbour, an old woman named Anna who lost __5__ (she) eyesight. It was Anna that __6__ (introduce) the book Pay It Forward to Sarah two months ago. As she loved reading, it was __7__ real act of kindness to spend time __8__ (read) out loud for the neighbour and keeping her company every night.
Sarah said, “I couldn't believe at first how three small favours could make a big __9__ (different). All the people __10__ were helped by me have promised to pay favours forward.”
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一个英国女孩因为读了一本书后做了三个善举，并使得受助者也愿意去帮助别人。
1．better　根据该空前的“much”可知，该空应用形容词的比较级，故填better。
2．at　at the age of表示“在……年纪时”。
3．recently　该空应用副词修饰动词，故填recently。
4．to help　该空用动词不定式表目的，故填to help。
5．her　该空应用形容词性物主代词修饰eyesight。
6．introduced　根据“two months ago”可知，说的是发生在过去的一件事，所以用动词的一般过去时，故填introduced。
7．a　act表示“行为，举动”时为可数名词，此处表示“一个”，故填a。
8．reading　spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”。
9．difference　make a big difference表示“有很大影响”。
10．who　先行词为All the people，关系词引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，故填who。
Ⅴ.完形填空
When I was a young boy, my favourite thing was a toy gun. Sometimes I would shoot bullets (发射子弹) for practice. One day, I walked into the __1__ with my gun. I __2__ a John Wayne's movie where he preferred shooting the gun with one hand. As I was __3__ what he did, I heard a pop. I hadn't __4__ the bullets when I practiced shooting the day before. I watched __5__ as the bullet parted the hair of my dad who was __6__ on the sofa. One and a half inches lower, it would have shot him in the __7__. My dad woke up and saw what happened. He __8__ took my toy gun, walked out and broke it on the stone. I wouldn't have another toy gun for a long time after that and when I did, I __9__ to put bullets in it.
What __10__ me most, though, was seeing the anger in my dad's eyes. I hid in my room for the rest of the day not __11__ to face him. I __12__ that he didn't love me any longer. At dinner time he walked into the room and put his hand on my head. “It's __13__， Joey，” he said. “I forgive (原谅) you. Now come and __14__.” I felt so __15__ at that moment. I felt love once again.
In the years that followed, I __16__ my dad more than once. I was a __17__ learner and suffered a lot. I cried and struggled (挣扎), __18__ I always felt love. No matter how badly I did, my father loved me and never __19__. He was always __20__ me to become better and kinder.
语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者小时候有一次用玩具枪差点误伤了爸爸，但爸爸原谅了他，还是一如既往地爱他。长大后，作者经常会让爸爸失望，但爸爸从来都不怪他。这份父爱一直伴随着作者成长。
1．A.classroom　　　　 B．house
C．store D．theatre
解析：选B　根据下文“on the sofa”和“woke up”可知，作者拿着玩具枪走进屋里。
2．A.expected B．chose
C．remembered D．showed
解析：选C　由下文“a John Wayne movie where he preferred shooting the gun with one hand”可知，作者想起了一位电影人物，他喜欢一只手拿着枪射击。
3．A.copying B．imagining
C．asking D．watching
解析：选A　根据下文“I heard a pop”可知，作者模仿John Wayne的动作，用一只手射击。
4．A.added B．cleaned
C．bought D．prepared
解析：选B　根据下文“when I practiced shooting the day before”可知，作者前一天练习射击，没有把枪里面的子弹清空。
5．A.sadly B．interestedly
C．excitedly D．nervously
解析：选D　根据下文“One and a half inches lower, it would have shot him”可知，看着子弹射到爸爸的头发上，作者紧张不安。
6．A.sleeping B．working
C．laughing D．reading
解析：选A　由下文“My dad woke up”可知，爸爸在睡觉。
7．A.back B．leg
C．head D．arm
解析：选C　由上文“parted the hair of my dad”可知，再往下一点，就射到爸爸的头上了。
8．A.secretly B．angrily
C．calmly D．simply
解析：选B　根据下文“broke it on the stone”可知，爸爸生气地夺过作者的枪，走出去，然后砸碎了。
9．A.hoped B．failed
C．forgot D．refused
解析：选D　根据前后语境可知，因为差点闯祸，所以作者以后再也不往枪里装子弹了。
10．A.troubled B．disappointed
C．moved D．surprised
解析：选A　根据下文“was seeing the anger in my dad's eyes”可知，但让作者烦恼的是爸爸很生气。
11．A.needing B．caring
C．daring D．agreeing
解析：选C　根据上文“hid in my room”可知，作者藏在自己的房间里不敢出去见爸爸。
12．A.heard B．feared
C．accepted D．meant
解析：选B　由下文“he didn't love me any longer”可知，作者害怕爸爸不再爱他。
13．A.easy B．bad
C．late D．OK
解析：选D　根据下文“I forgive (原谅) you.”可知，爸爸安慰作者说没事。
14．A.eat B．rest
C．practice D．see
解析：选A　根据上文“At dinner time”可知，当时正是晚饭时间，所以爸爸叫作者一起吃饭。
15．A.strong B．happy
C．hungry D．safe
解析：选B　由下文“I felt love once again.”可知，作者听到爸爸的话很高兴。
16．A.thanked B．avoided
C．ignored D．upset
解析：选D　由下文“... suffered a lot. I cried and struggled (挣扎)”可知，作者好多次都让爸爸不高兴。
17．A.slow B．lucky
C．careful D．strict
解析：选A　根据下文“suffered a lot”可知，作者学东西很慢。
18．A.or B．and
C．but D．so
解析：选C　该空前后内容存在转折关系，作者虽然痛哭过、挣扎过，但是一直感受到爸爸的关爱。
19．A.hurried up B．caught up
C．warmed up D．gave up
解析：选D　由上文“my father loved me”可知，不管作者表现多糟，爸爸都爱着作者，而且从不放弃。
20．A.advising B．ordering
C．helping D．allowing
解析：选C　根据上文“No matter how badly I did, my father loved me and never ________”可知，爸爸一直帮助作者，使作者变得更加优秀、更加友善。

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking

People who have the skills to get up from a fall will engage in smarter risks
and more courageous behaviours than people who don't. — Brene Brown
有能力从跌倒中爬起来的人会比那些没有能力的人进行更明智的冒险
和更勇敢的行为。 —— 布芮尼·布朗 (研究教授)

一、课时语言点突破
1．Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.
去一个开阔的地方，远离建筑物、树木或电线。
★power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
(1)have the power to do sth.　　　具有做某事的能力
come to power 上台；执政(动作)
be in power 执政；掌权(状态)
beyond/out of one's power 力所不能及的
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的
①As is known to us all, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
②I am sure that he has the power to finish the task on time.
我确信他有能力按时完成这项工作。
③It is reported that the new government will come to power.
据报道，新政府将于下个月开始上台执政。
　完成句子
①Since he came_to_power,_he has been in_power for almost five years.
自从他上台，已执政将近五年了。
②I'm afraid it's beyond/out_of_my_power to help you.
我恐怕无力帮助你。
2．Stay calm.
保持冷静。
★calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
keep calm ＝ remain calm 　　　保持冷静
calm down (使)平静下来
①The nurses tried their best to calm the anxious patient.
护士们竭力使那个焦虑的病人平静下来。
②He remained/kept calm before danger.How brave he is!
在危险面前他保持镇静。太勇敢了！
③After she calmed down, she sang better.
她平静下来后，歌唱得更好了。
[辨析]
calm
“平静的，沉着的”，指无风浪或人的心情不激动
quiet
“宁静的，安静的”，指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、忧虑
still
“静止的，不动的”，指没有运动或动作的状态
silent
“寂静的，沉默的，不出声的”，指没有声音或不讲话


Ⅰ.选词填空(calm, quiet, still, silent)
She is a ①quiet girl.She stood ②still and kept ③silent when the teacher asked her questions.But after a while she answered all the questions in a ④calm voice.
她是个安静的女孩。当老师问她问题的时候，她一动不动地站着，一言不发。但过了一会儿，她以镇静的口气回答了所有问题。
Ⅱ.完成句子
⑤We_must_keep_calm (我们必须保持镇静) when we are lost in a strange city.
⑥He took a few deep breaths to_calm_himself_down (使自己平静下来)．
3．To be ready, we should make a safety list of what to do, where to go, and who to contact.
为了做好准备，我们应该列一份安全清单，注明该做什么、去哪里以及联系谁。
★“疑问词＋不定式”结构
不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where连用，构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。
①He was a little at a loss, not knowing where to begin.
他有点儿迷茫，不知道该从哪里下手。
②Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.
选择吃什么，已经不像以前那么简单了。
③The question is how to get there.
问题是如何到达那儿。
　句型转换
①The question is where we should put it.
→The question is where to put it.
②I don't know which I should buy.
→I don't know which to buy.
③The most difficult challenge is how we can survive without food.
→The most difficult challenge is how to survive without food.
二、课时专项技能强化
[听力技法微指导]
推理计算，确定时间
听力测试中经常涉及时间的考查，此时，在听力材料中通常会出现多个时间信息。答题时应注意不要直接选取首次听到的时间词，而应把录音听完，注意其中隐含的时间信息词、时间状语或句子的时态。最终的答案通常是对这些信息进行分析推断，特别是经过简单计算后得出的。
[典例1]　What time does the train leave?
A．At 6：15.　　　B．At 6：25.　　　C．At 6：50.
[听力原文]
M：I'm afraid we'll miss the train. What time is it now?
W：It's 6：15. There is 10 minutes left. Let's hurry.
[分析]　此题考查时间。由“It's 6：15. There is 10 minutes left.”可知火车6：25开，故选B。
[典例2]　When is the man going to leave for New York?
A．In October. 　　　　
B．In September.
C．In December.
[听力原文]
W：Are you going to leave for New York in September?
M：No. I'm going to leave for New York the following month.
[分析]　本题三个选项均为表月份的词，录音中只听到September这个关于月份的词，考生很可能受误导而选B。但是对话中男士回答时用了一个关键词following。这个重要信息词说明他是下个月动身去纽约，从September算起，下个月自然就是October了，故选A。
[交际用语练能力]
(一)根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
W：Excuse me, have you been waiting long?
M：About ten minutes.
W：__1__
M：Not while I've been standing here. I'm waiting for the number seven myself.
W：Good. Hot today, isn't it?
M：Yes, it is. __2__
W：Me too. This is unusual for March. I don't remember it ever being so hot and dry in March before.
M：You're from Florida then.
W：Not really. __3__
M：My mother and I have just moved here from Indiana.
W：Pretty cold in Indiana, isn't it?
M：Yes. That's why we moved. But we didn't know that it would be so hot here. We should have gone to California. __4__
W：No. It's always a little late. Do you have the time? My watch has stopped working.
M：__5__
W：Don't worry. It never comes exactly on the half hour like it should.
A．I wish that it would rain and cool off.
B．Do you think that we've missed the bus?
C．No, it is always quite cool here in summer.
D．It is twenty to one by my watch, but it is a little fast.
E．Did you notice whether the No. 7 Bus has gone by?
F．I was born in New York, but I've lived here for ten years now.
G．I have been waiting here for half an hour and still haven't seen the bus.
答案：1～5　EAFBD
(二)话题常用佳句填后背诵
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving_badly_damaged_buildings.
一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了受损严重的建筑物。
2．The earthquake caused_structural_damage_to most of the buildings in the town.
这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。
3．The country has_provided_food_and_clothes_for the homeless people in the disaster­stricken areas.
国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。
4．Sometimes a smile is so_powerful_that it gives people suffering_from disasters great courage.
有时候，一个微笑能够拥有强大的力量，可以给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
5．With_the_help_of_the_rescue_team,_people who were trapped in the flood were saved.
在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。
6．Because_of/As_a_result_of/Thanks_to_the_help_of_the_army,_people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
因为/幸亏有军队的帮助，受伤的人们被立即送往医院。

一、听力强化训练
Ⅰ.听第1段材料，完成第1至3题。 根据录音内容判断下列陈述是否正确，正确的在括号内填T，不正确的在括号内填F。
1．Steven is so depressed because he lost his newspaper.(F)
2．The town was completely ruined by an earthquake.(T)
3．More than 1,000 people died in the earthquake.(F)
Ⅱ.听第2段材料，回答第4、5题。
4．How many people did the 2008 Sichuan earthquake kill?
It_killed_an_estimated_68,000_people.
5．How much would be spent over the next three years in rebuilding areas ravaged by the earthquake?
1 trillion yuan.
Ⅲ.听第3段材料，回答第6至8题。
6．What do we know about Lisa?
A．She doesn't listen to her mom's words.
B．She always has trouble with her father.
C．She often comes home late at night.
7．What is Lisa's father's attitude towards Lisa?
A．He is very angry with her.
B．He doesn't care about her.
C．He never gets excited with her.
8．Why does the woman talk to the man?
A．To make a complaint.
B．To ask for help.
C．To find Lisa.
答案：6～8　ACB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: Steven, why are you so depressed?
M: I'm feeling very sad.I just read the newspaper.
W: What's the news?
M: According to the newspaper, the town was razed by an earthquake and more than 10,000 people died in the earthquake.
W: It's horrible.
M: Yeah, we have to do something to help the people in the stricken area.
W: Yes.How about donating some money?
M: It's a good idea.But where can we donate money?
W: Just find the answer through the Internet.
M: Yes, let's do it now.
(Text 2)
The 2008 Sichuan earthquake was a deadly earthquake, and occurred on May 12, 2008, killing an estimated 68,000 people.The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai where office buildings swayed with the tremor.It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time.Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.The central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion yuan over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake.
(Text 3)
M: Good morning.Please come in and take a seat.
W: Good morning, Mr Young.I've come to see you about my eldest daughter, Lisa, as you know.
M: Yes.I hear you've been having some trouble with her at home.
W: Yes.She won't do what I tell her, and she often gets into bad moods.And she's not kind to her younger sister, Helen.
M: Well, Lisa is just 15, isn't she?
W: Yes, she had her birthday a few days ago, and we were not happy that day.She wanted to go out to a party and stay until 2 o'clock in the morning.
M: How does she get on with her father?
W: Well, she's a lot better with him.He's always calm and never gets excited with her.You see, he doesn't have to cope with her all the time like me.How can one remain calm and reasonable all the time as a housewife?
M: Yes, I know it's very difficult ... and we have to be more patient with our children.
W: I know I should but I can't.
二、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He was so drunk that he had lost the power (能力) of speech.
2．A pipe (管道) had burst in the kitchen and flooded the floor.
3．They escaped through an emergency (紧急) exit and called the police.
4．Try to keep calm (镇静的) and just tell me what happened.
5．She has mastered a foreign language by the aid (帮助) of a dictionary.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There was simply no cash on hand to meet the cost of food.
2．Can you inform me when to_begin (begin) our final examination?
3．Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself (you) down.
4．He made a list of daily items he should buy.
5．He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Some animals have_the_power_to_see in the dark.
有些动物在黑暗中能看见东西。
2．Calm_down_for_a_minute and listen to me.
安静一会儿，听我说。
3．The doctor told him to stay_away_from such food and drinks.
医生让他远离这样的食物和饮料。
4．I'm just fed up and I don't_know_what_to_do.
我就是厌烦了，不知道该怎么办。
5．I made my choice and I will_hold_on_to_the_end.
我已经做了选择，而且要坚持下去。
三、交际交流训练(补全对话)
A
W: The earthquake that struck/hit Sichuan Province was so terrible.①________.
M: Their houses were destroyed too.Every time I see something on the news, I just want to cry.
W: ②_________ — we should do something for them, like donating some money.
M: ③________.
W: I also heard that they need a lot of blood donors, so we could do that too.
M: ④________. Then if they need donations, we can go and donate. Hmm, regardless, everyone affected by the earthquake needs help, so we need to do everything we can.

答案：①～④　CADB
B
W: Do you think that climate change ①is_responsible_for (对……负有责任) the recent floods?
M: It could be.There are floods in this country almost every year, but in recent years they have been more widespread and more frequent.
W: ②It_seems_that (似乎) the climate in this country is changing.
M: The summers are hotter.The last three summers ③have_been (be) the hottest for the past 200 years.There have also been stronger winds.
W: I think that the changing climate is a sign that we ④are_causing_too_much_damage_to (正对……造成严重损害) the environment.
M: I think you're right.Climate changes naturally over time, but I think that human activities are speeding up the change.I wish that government would join together and try to resolve the problem.
W: Me too.If we don't do something soon, it might be too late.
四、语篇阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
An earthquake happens when two plates rub (摩擦) together. The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. If one plate is slowly forced under the other, pressure builds up until the plates break apart. This process causes the ground to move. It is an earthquake. In other words, earthquakes are the shaking of the earth's surface caused by the earth's rocky outer layer (岩层) as a result of the energy stored within the earth. The strain within the rocks is suddenly released (释放)．
The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening. If an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city, there may be many injuries and much destruction. Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now. Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage.
Actually, there are several million small earthquakes every year. Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale, caused millions of dollars in damage. In the last 500 years, millions of people have been killed by earthquakes around the world — including 240,000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.
A 60­second or less earthquake can cause devastation (破坏) that continues for years after the first tremor (震动). In 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit, because the country did not have the money necessary to rebuild it.
The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. In the 1906 earthquake, it was the fire caused after it that did the majority of the damage. An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys, causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path.
语篇解读：本文主要讲了地震的成因及危害。
1．Which of the following is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A．An earthquake comes from inside the earth.
B．The earth has great energy in storage.
C．How the earth plates move.
D．How an earthquake happens.
解析：选D　段落大意题。第一段主要讲述了地震的成因。
2．How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destruction earthquakes cause?
A．Three.　　　　　 B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
解析：选B　细节理解题。文中提到1964年阿拉斯加地震，1976年唐山地震，1972年尼加拉瓜的马那瓜地震，以及1906年地震，共四次。
3．Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people?
A．The 1964 Alaskan quake.
B．The 1976 Tangshan earthquake.
C．The 1972 Managua earthquake.
D．The 1906 earthquake.
解析：选B　推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知1976年唐山大地震中大约240 000人遇难。
4．The underlined word “ensuing” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．causing too much heat and great damage
B．causing many injuries and much destruction
C．happening as a result of another event
D．happening suddenly and unexpectedly
解析：选C　词义猜测题。下文提到在1906年地震中，绝大部分的损失是地震引起的火灾造成的。由此推出ensuing是指“另一件事所引起的”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first UN Chinese Language Day at the United Nations __1__(observe) on Friday at UN Headquarters in New York in 2010. __2__ the world's most widely spoken language, it seems appropriate that Mandarin (普通话) has one day every year dedicated (把……专用于) to it. This __3__ (official) marked day of Mandarin language celebration was set by the United Nations as a way of celebrating the language's history and __4__ (contribution) to the world. It is hoped that having one day every year __5__ (celebrate) Mandarin will encourage more people around the world to take it up. With China likely to become the __6__ (large) economy country in the world, it is important that the wider world becomes interestingly more perfect in this wonderful language. Every year UN Chinese Language Day __7__ (fall) on April 20. A great way to get __8__ (involve) in the celebration is to join a Mandarin class or attend one of the many Confucius Institutes (孔子学院) __9__ are set up by China in countries around the world. The number of people learning Chinese is on __10__ increase in China's neighbouring countries, such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，作者讲述了联合国确立的普通话日以及普通话在世界上的普及情况。
1．was observed　考查时态和语态。依据本句中的时间状语“in 2010”可知，此句应用一般过去时，又因observe与主语之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．As　考查介词。作为世界上使用最广泛的语言，每年有一天专用于(庆祝)普通话似乎是很恰当的。As在这里表示“作为”。
3．officially　考查副词。联合国正式确定普通话的节日是为了庆祝该语言的历史和对世界的贡献。这里用副词officially修饰形容词marked。
4．contributions　考查名词的数。contribution作“贡献”讲时为可数名词，其前无限定词，故用contributions。
5．to celebrate　考查非谓语动词。人们希望通过每年有一天庆祝普通话的活动能鼓励世界上更多的人学习普通话。本句考查了have some time to do ...的句式，故填不定式to celebrate。
6．largest　考查形容词最高级。句中的likely表示推测，再结合语境及空前的the可知，这里用large的最高级。
7．falls　考查时态。此处描述一般情况，故用一般现在时。fall on意为“(节日等)适逢(某日)”，又因主语为第三人称单数，故填falls。
8．involved　考查形容词。get involved表示“参与，卷入”，其中get为连系动词，involved为形容词作get的表语，故填involved。
9．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Confucius Institutes，空处在句中作主语，故填that/which。
10．the　考查冠词。on the increase“在增长中”，是固定搭配，故填定冠词the。

Section Ⅴ　Reading for Writing

　　 The sea is the vastest on the earth. The sky is vaster than the sea. A human
mind is the most among the three. —V. Hugo
世界上最宽阔的是海洋，比海洋更宽阔的是天空，比天空更宽阔的
是人的胸怀。 ——维·雨果


(一)
题目要求：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With_more_cellphone_companies_designing_models_for_children,_many parents are attracted to buy their kids phones and pay the bill. According to a study, 56% of parents of children aged 8 to 12 have given their children a cellphone. According to a recent YouthBeat survey, 12 is the magic number. It is the most common age for kids to get their first cellphones. But 13% of children aged 6 to 10 already have one. That's more than one out of every 10 kids.
Cellphone supporters, including many parents, note that cellphones help kids keep in touch with their friends and family, whether to ask for a ride home from football practice or to call for help when stuck in an emergency (紧急情况). Besides, some cellphones designed for kids can be controlled with settings that allow the phones to only be used in parent­permission ways. What's the harm in that?
However, other people are worried about the effects of cellphones on kids' health and safety. They_believe_that_sending_text_messages_or_fielding_phone_calls while doing homework makes it difficult for kids to stay focused, thus resulting in their poor schoolwork. They also say that kids_are spending_too_much_time texting_instead_of_talking to_each_other. “Our brains evolved (进化) to communicate face to face.” Says Gary Small, a professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, in California. “A lot of this is lost with texting.”
And some experts are also concerned about possible health risks. They worry that radiation (辐射) released by cellphones could be harmful to young people. To be safe, they advise limiting talk time.

[背诵范文]
Many parents tend to buy cellphones for their kids.(要点1) Supporters think phones, with security settings, are a good tool for kids to contact others, especially in an emergency.(要点2) However, others argue being addicted to phones may harm both kids' schoolwork and their real communication skills.(要点3) Therefore, worried about potential health risks, some experts advise the youth to reduce their time on the phone.(要点4)
[高分亮点]
(一)题目分析
所给文章是议论文，为典型的“提出现象→说明正反方观点→提出解决办法”的结构。
第一段：提出现象：家长给孩子买手机。
第二段：陈述包括家长在内的手机支持者的观点，说明手机的好处。
第三段：陈述反对者的观点和理由。
第四段：忧心忡忡的专家建议青少年少用手机。
(二)范文点评
范文对题目中的主旨句(以下画线标出)与关键词(加黑显示)定位准确无误。在主旨句表达不明确的地方增加了支持信息，如第三段主旨句the effects of cellphones对手机的影响说明得不明确，范文中增加了支持信息：poor schoolwork和instead of talking to each other。同时对有些信息进行合并处理，如题目第三段从两个方面提供的支持信息在范文中合并为harm both kids' schoolwork and communication skills。
另外，范文中多处运用词语替换和句式转换法进行了灵活准确表达。如将第三段主旨句中的believe改为argue, talking改为communication, resulting in their poor schoolwork改为harm their schoolwork。第四段主旨句中的concerned about改为worried about, advise limiting talk time改为advise the youth to reduce time on the phone。
最后，范文运用过渡词however, therefore将要点进行连贯衔接。
(二)
题目要求：2019年6月17日，我国四川省宜宾市发生里氏6.0级地震，对当地居民的生产和生活造成了严重破坏。假如你是当地的一名中学生李华，你班就如何更好地灾后重建进行了讨论，请你向 21st Teens投稿介绍讨论情况。内容如下：
1．提高援助；　　　　2.鼓励自救。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：里氏震级the Richter scale

[背诵范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
On June 17th, 2019, a great earthquake measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale hit my hometown, Yibin City, Sichuan province, leaving many houses in ruins. Yesterday our class had a discussion on how to rebuild the quake­stricken areas.
We all hold the view that the quake­stricken areas will benefit a lot from the help offered from all over the country, as some areas are badly in need of money and materials. In addition, the help from outside will greatly relieve those who, though alive, are suffering great sorrow and pain. Meanwhile, it's vital that all the victims should act to help themselves. Through active participation in reconstruction, we will pull ourselves through.
Yours，
Li Hua
[高分亮点]
第一段：用hit比用happened表达更深刻，用leaving many houses in ruins比用causing a lot of damage表达更形象。quake­stricken属于高级词汇，进一步刻画地震带来的灾难性后果。
第二段：同位语从句that the quake­stricken areas ... all over the country属于高级表达，其benefit ... from短语使用非常贴切，offered from ... 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the help。some areas are badly in need of更能突出需要援助的迫切性。用those who, though alive, are suffering great sorrow and pain更好地描述了灾区人民的现状。

[析文脉——学遣词谋篇]

学词汇
strike vi. & vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
(1)strike sb.with sth.　　　用……打某人
be struck by ... 被……所打动
It strikes sb.that ... 某人突然想到……
(2)on strike (for) (为……而)罢工
①Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁/见机行事。(谚语)
②I was_struck/stricken (strike) by his enthusiasm.
我被他的热情所打动。
③It_struct_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.
我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。
④We are on strike for high pay.
我们为提高工资而进行罢工。
学表达
1．本段第二句中用“sweep”一词要比使用“wash”更合适，形象地表达出了海浪造成破坏的严重程度。
2．本段第一句中使用了 that引导的定语从句(that crashed into coastlines ...)，现在分词短语作状语(killing more than 6,500 people ...)；第二句使用了过去分词短语作定语(caused by the strong earthquake ...)以及that引导的定语从句(that reached a magnitude ...)，这些高级句式的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。
学逻辑
本段使用各种高级句式及并列连词and，主要从总体上介绍了海啸发生的时间、地点及破坏程度，各句之间衔接紧凑，逻辑清晰。

学词汇
deliver vt. & vi.递送；传达vt.发表
(1)deliver sth.to ...　　 把某物投递/传送/运送到……
deliver sb.from ... 把某人从……中解救出来
deliver a lecture/speech 　 发表演讲
(2)delivery n. 　 投递；传送
①Would you deliver my message to your mother?
你可以帮我给你母亲传口信吗？
②He delivered us from danger.
他救我们脱离险境。
③He couldn't deliver_his_lecture/speech owing to his illness.
由于生病，他不能演讲了。
学表达
1．文中第三段第一句中用“thousands of”一词表达了海啸危害得人数之多。
2．第二、三段主要使用了被动语态，be doing ... when, make＋it＋adj. ＋to do sth.等高级句式彰显了较强的语言功底。
学逻辑
第二、三段主要运用and, however等衔接词从细节方面详细介绍了海啸造成的破坏。
[通技法——学写作规范]
概要写作
第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)
概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。
阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：
记叙文
圈出记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意
说明文
找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议
议论文
提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)
第二步：提炼关键词
1．结合主旨大意，细读段落，找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词，区别段落中哪些是main ideas，哪些是supporting ideas, examples 和additional information。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要内容和依据。
2．消减事例，尽量减少实事并省略细节。
第三步：合并和改写
1．合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。
2．在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but, then, later, finally, besides, thus, therefore, yet, however); 核查标点和语法；核查词数。
[即时练——技法巧运用]
[作文题目]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas.I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City.While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car.I stopped and wondered what I should do.A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple.They said they would take me.We chatted and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.I wrote them a thank­you note.Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Years later, I drove to a meeting in the morning.In the late afternoon I found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership was right next door.I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked and explained my trouble.They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it.They would accept no payment, so later, I wrote them a note to say thanks.I received a letter back from one of the salesmen.No one had ever written him and say “thank you”， and it meant a lot, he said.
“Thank you” — two powerful words.They're easy to say and mean so much.
[写作流程]
第一步：归纳主旨大意
主旨大意：本篇为记叙文，作者用自己两次亲身经历说明向别人表示感谢的重要性。
短文结构分析：
第一部分(第一、二段)：作者与一对夫妇偶遇，当车出现故障时得到那对夫妇的帮助，作者表示感谢，那对夫妇说给予帮助让他们的假日过得有意义。
第二部分(第三、四段)：作者的车出现故障，得到修理人员的无偿帮助，作者写信表示感谢，他们回信说这对他们来说很重要。
第三部分(第五段)：说明感谢非常重要。
第二步：提炼关键词
第一部分：
1．A_couple_offered_the_author_help when black smoke poured from the back of his car.
2．The author wrote_a_thank­you_note to the couple.
3．The couple said that helping the author had made their_holidays_meaningful.
第二部分：
4．Two_salesmen_gave_the_author_a_hand when there was something wrong with his car.
5．The_author wrote them a note to say_thanks.
6．One of the salesmen wrote back, saying it meant_a_lot.
第三部分：
7．Saying_“thank_you” was easy but meant_so_much.
第三步：合并和改写
1．要点1和4
合并：The author told us two of his experiences of being helped by the strangers, who had given him a hand when there was something wrong with his car.
改写：In this passage, the author described two of his experiences where_he_was_helped by the strangers.
2．要点2和5
合并：During the two experiences, the author wrote thank­you notes to the strangers.
改写： During the two experiences, the author expressed his_thanks_to the strangers.
3．要点3、6和7
合并：Through the two experiences, he realized that saying “thank you” was easy but very meaningful.
改写： Through the two experiences, he realized that saying “thank you” was easy but meant_so_much.
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数。
In_this_passage,_the_author_described_two_of_his_experiences_where_he_was_helped_by_the_strangers._(要点1)_And_during_the_two_experiences,_the_author_expressed_his_
thanks_to_the_strangers_who_had_given_him_a_hand_when_there_was_something_wrong_with_his_car._(要点2)_Through_the_two_experiences,_he_realized_that_saying_“thank_
you”_was_easy_but_meant_so_much.(要点3)

一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Her beauty struck (打动) him deeply and he decided to date her.
2．I am having some flowers delivered (递送) for her birthday.
3．Pilots were trying to repair a fault in the plane when it crashed (碰撞)．
4．Heavy floods swept (横扫) away houses, roads, and took away the lives of many.
5．There is a summary (总结) at the end of each chapter.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．What struck (strike) me most was their strong desire for knowledge.
2．Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house.
3．The village was swept away when the dam burst.
4．To this day, we wave to each other every time we head off in different directions.
5．The length (long) of a paragraph depends on the information it conveys.
6．I am sure that it will have an effect on our natural environment.
Ⅲ.选词填空

1．He's more_than a coach; he's a friend.
2．At_least 60% of us now bathe or shower once a day.
3．There are as_many_as_300 new products on show.
4．The_number_of people asking to go there is on the increase.
5．Several houses were swept_away in the flood.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The professor will_deliver_a_speech on environment protection.
这位教授将发表一场关于环境保护的演说。
2．It_struck_her_that she forgot to lock the door.
她突然想到忘记锁门了。
3．All the clouds were_swept_away_by the strong wind.
所有的云都被强风吹走了。
4．It has rained for two days, causing_the_river_to_rise.
雨下了两天，引起了河水上涨。
5．I was_watching_the_football_match_when he came in.
当他走进来的时候我正在看足球赛。
二、阅读表达训练
Ⅰ.阅读文章回答问题
阅读文章，按照下面的提示列出提纲，然后合并改写，串连成篇。
Life has become difficult in many villages, and some are disappearing.There are a number of reasons for this.Firstly, young people from villages usually want to live somewhere livelier and they often move to the towns and do not return.Secondly, people move to the cities to find work, as there are often very few jobs in the countryside.Sometimes villages remain because people from the cities have bought a second home in the village, where they come and stay at weekends.The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.Another problem is that it is becoming more and more difficult for farmers to make money from their farms.So they sell their land and find another job.
1．主旨： reasons_for_the_disappearance_of_some_villages
2．要点1: the_youth_move_to_the_towns
3．要点2: villagers_go_to_the_cities_to_find_work
4．要点3: land_is_sold
5．尝试概要写作：
There_exist_many_reasons_for_the_disappearance_of_some_villages._(要点1)_To_begin_with,_the_youth_move_to_the_towns_for_more_interesting_life_and_never_return._(要点2)_Besides,_villagers_go_to_cities_to_search_for_jobs._(要点3)_Additionally,_land_is_sold_because_money_is_hard_to_make_from_their_farms.(要点4)
Ⅱ.依据题目要求写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With the development of the computer, virtual reality (虚拟现实) steps in our life.If something is virtual, then it is created by computer technology and appears as if it were real.VR is a computer system with a special headset (耳机)．When you put on the headset, you will look at two tiny television screens.They are so close to your eyes as if you see just one picture and you will believe that you have entered a different world.In many systems, you also wear special gloves.With the gloves you can reach out and touch things in the unreal world.
The first VR games, which have already sold round the world, enable you to drive a sports car, fly a plane, or fight an enemy.In the future, it may be difficult to tell the virtual world of the games from the real world outside.However, VR is not just for entertainment.One day, delighted children will be able to learn geography by observing exciting foreign countries without having to leave their classrooms.They will be excited to learn history by visiting the Pyramids of Egypt.In addition, business will be able to use VR for many tasks.Pilots will be able to practise flying virtual planes before they go into the air.VR can help us in hundreds of ways improve the world.
However, some people have warned that there could be dangers.It might be dangerous if we do something wrong, or if people do not want to return to reality because it is safer than real life.Besides, we will forget how to live and work with real people.
There will be some problems with VR, as it is new for us.However, one thing is for sure: VR is here to stay.Get ready to step into another world!





参考范文：
VR is a computer system with a special headset and special gloves, which enables people to enter an unreal world. (要点1) It could be used to entertain people, educate children, deal with business and train pilots. (要点2) Though it might be dangerous if people prefer to stay in the virtual world, VR is sure to be part of people's life in the near future.(要点3)
Section Ⅵ　Assessing Your Progress

　　 　　　Whatever hardships he has suffered, as long as there is a seed of faith in his
heart, he will get out of the difficult position someday and let life bloom and bear
fruits afresh.
无论遭受多少苦难，只要一个人的心中还怀着一粒信念的种子，那
么总有一天，他就能走出困境，让生命重新开花结果。

一、单元词汇再盘查
(一)默写单词
1．disaster n．　　　　　　　 灾难；灾害
2．drought n. 旱灾；久旱
3．slide vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动
4．flood n. 洪水；大量
vi. 淹没；大量涌入
vt. 使灌满水；淹没
5．rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援
6．damage vt. 损害；破坏
n. 损坏；损失
7．survive vi. 生存；存活
vt. 幸存；艰难度过
8．destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
9．death n. 死；死亡
10．affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
11．shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护
vt. 保护；掩蔽
vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
12．ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
13．percent n. 百分之……
adj. & adv. 每一百中
14．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt. (使)震惊
15．electricity n. 电；电能
16．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n. 险境；陷阱
17．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
18．breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸
19．effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
20．wisdom n. 智慧；才智
21．context n. 上下文；语境；背景
22．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受
vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
23．volcano n. 火山
24．erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
25．supply n. 供应(量)；补给；(pl.) 补给品
vt. 供应；供给
26．typhoon n. 台风
27．hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风
28．tap vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
29．pipe n. 管子；管道
30．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
31．calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的
vt. 使平静；使镇静
32．aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资
vi. & vt.(formal) 帮助；援助
33．kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
34．crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击
n. 撞车；碰撞
35．sweep vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫
36．wave n. 海浪；波浪
vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
37．strike vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
38．deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达
vt. 发表
39．summary n. 总结；概括；概要
40．effect n. 影响；结果；效果
41．length n. 长；长度
(二)译出短语
1．as_if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in_shock 震惊；吃惊
4．come_to_an_end 结束；终结
5．dig_out 挖掘出；发现
6．the_number_of ……的数目
7．blow_away 把……吹走
8．instead_of 而不是
9．in_times_of 在……的时候
10．cut_across 横穿
11．as_usual 和往常一样
12．get_up_on_one's_feet 站起来
13．become_a_home_to 成为……的家园
14．volcanic_eruption 火山喷发
15．in_the_open_air 露天；在户外
16．first_aid_kit 急救箱
17．on_hand 现有(尤指帮助)
18．sweep_away 消灭；彻底消除
19．stay_away_from 远离
20．hold_on_to 抓住
二、话题词汇多积累
(一)单词
1．situation n．　　　　　　　　 形势；局面；处境
2．uncertain adj. 不确定的
3．unite v. 团结；联合
4．disappear vi. 消失
5．threaten v. 威胁
6．predict vt. 预报；预言；预告
7．unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
8．terrify vt. 使感到恐怖；恐吓
9．distribute vt. 发放；分发
10．disappoint vt. 使失望
11．disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
12．smelly adj. 有臭味的；发臭的
13．natural adj. 自然的；天生的
14．nature n. 自然；性质；种类
15．noisy adj. 喧闹的；嘈杂的
16．responsibility n. 责任；负责；义务
17．rubbish n. 垃圾；废物
18．severe adj. 严重的；严厉的
(二)短语
1．rescue team 救援队
2．drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏
3．donate ...to ... 向……捐赠……
4．stricken areas 受灾地区
5．economic losses 经济损失
6．be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中
7．take on a new look 呈现新面貌
8．put up 搭建
9．natural disasters 自然灾害；天灾
10．earthquakes relief 抗震救灾


一、单元核心考点重点练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With more forests destroyed (破坏), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
2．An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster (灾难) happened.
3．The room was filled with smoke, and it was becoming difficult to breathe (呼吸)．
4．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue (营救) team to look for them.
5．It's kind of you to provide the poor boy with food and shelter (避难处)．
6．We shouldn't waste electricity (电) in our daily life.
7．His son finally got in after ten years' continuous effort (努力)．
8．He gave an example of bravery and wisdom (智慧)．
9．He has supplied (提供) me with the necessary information.
10．Foreign aid workers will not be allowed into the_stricken (受灾的) areas.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He trapped me into admitting (admit) I had done it.
2．Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have an effect on you most deeply.
3．This coat is dirty (dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaner's.
4．I must warn you that my patience is almost coming to an end.
5．The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if to_see (see) whether he was going in the right direction.
6．They were shocked at the shocking eruption of the volcano. (shock)
7．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has_been (be) rising steadily since 1990.
8．This machine is very easy to_operate (operate)．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
9．The building whose wall is white is our library.
10．She described in his composition the people and places that impressed her most.
11．Each time he delivered a letter to Mrs Brown, he had to finish his work quite late, because she lived far away.
12．Mother told Tom to sweep away the fallen leaves in the yard.
Ⅲ.选词填空

1．My holiday is coming_to_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.
2．Many buildings in that country were in_ruins because of the recent earthquake.
3．He was unhappy; it seemed as_if he wanted us to leave.
4．As the farmer ploughed the field, he dug_out a pot of jewelry.
5．A_great_number_of houses were brought down by the hurricane.
6．I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
7．When I came in，he was_buried_in playing computer games in his study.
8．As long as a will is set, hold_on_to it and habits can be changed.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Having_been_trapped_in_traffic,_he was late for work.
因为遇到交通堵塞，他上班迟到了。
2．As we all know, smoking can_damage/cause_damage_to_our_health.
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
3．He continued with his reading as_if nothing important had happened.
他若无其事地又继续看他的书。
4．With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in_ruins.
随着岁月的流逝，曾经非常漂亮的城堡现在是一片废墟。
5．Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。
6．It_struck_me_that we ought to try it in another way.
我突然想到一个主意，我们应该用另一种方法试一试。
7．Those who_have_any_difficulty_with_pronunciation should practise more.
那些发音有困难的人应该多加练习。
8．She saw a film whose_name she has forgotten.
她看了一部电影，名字她忘记了。

二、单元同类话题热读练
阅读理解
The United States has more tornadoes (龙卷风) than any other country in the world. In a normal year there are 800 to 1,000 tornadoes. Most happen in the middle part of the country. Tornadoes form when warm and cool air meet. In the Midwest, the warm air from the Gulf of Mexico often meets the cold air from Canada.
The usual tornado season is March through May. Tornadoes form most often in the afternoon and early evening. There is often no warning of a tornado. People who live in the Midwest know the signs (征兆) of tornado activity. The sky becomes dark, often a greenish colour. Dark clouds appear in the sky and there is often large hail (冰雹). Suddenly, there is a loud sound, like a train or a jet plane. Sometimes, two, three, five, ten or more tornadoes can form over a large area.
This type of tornado activity hit Oklahoma and Kansas in May 1999. The day was stormy, with heavy thunderstorms in the afternoon. As the storms continued, tornadoes began to form. Dozens of tornadoes hit towns and neighbourhoods in Oklahoma, then in Kansas. Some stayed on the ground for several hours, destroying everything they touched. The tornadoes killed 43 people and injured 600 others. They destroyed thousands of homes and businesses. In some areas, not one home stood. In other areas, the tornadoes destroyed every home on the left side of the street, but didn't touch any homes on the right side. The tornadoes lifted people and cars into the air and then threw them back down to earth. So it is important to know where to hide and how to protect yourself in the face of a tornado.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要就发生在美国的龙卷风进行了简单的介绍。
1．What can we learn about tornadoes in America?
A．They may appear in groups.
B．They usually happen in summer.
C．There are more tornadoes in the Eastern States.
D．There are more than 1,000 tornadoes every year.
解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段中的“Sometimes, two, three, five, ten or more tornadoes can form over a large area.”可知，这些龙卷风有可能会成群出现，故选A项。
2．The tornadoes that hit Oklahoma and Kansas in May 1999 ________.
A．took place at the same time
B．were the biggest in history
C．came and went quickly
D．brought death and destruction
解析：选D　细节理解题。由末段中的“destroying everything ... killed 43 people and injured 600 others”可知，D项正确。
3．What will the author most probably talk about next?
A．Tornado dangers and warning signs.
B．How to stay safe during a tornado.
C．Different kinds of tornadoes.
D．How a tornado forms.
解析：选B　推理判断题。由末段中最后的“it is important to know where to hide and how to protect yourself in the face of a tornado”可知，作者接下来很可能谈论在龙卷风来临时如何保护自己，故选B项。
三、看图说话新素养练

1．What's the topic of the pictures?
The_natural_disasters.
2．What damage to human beings do the natural disasters cause from the pictures above?
Earthquakes,_floods,_fires,_tornadoes_and_so_on_from_the_pictures_above_cause_much_damage_to_human_beings._Anyone_who_has_experienced_one_of_the_above_can't_forget_it_easily._Furniture_is_destroyed,_streets_are_flooded,_thousands_of_people_are_buried_under_the_houses,_and_even_more_people_are_made_homeless.
3．Discuss and write how we protect our environment to reduce the happening of natural disasters.
In_order_to_protect_our_environment,_we_should_deal_with_the_garbage_properly_and_we_also_should_plant_more_trees._Besides,_we_should_start_a_campaign_and_every_citizen_takes_action._

四、读后续写新题型练
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Two men, both seriously ill, shared the same hospital room.One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.His bed was next to the only window of the room.The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back.The men talked for hours on end.They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their experience in the army, and where they had been on vacation.Every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window.The man in the other bed began to live for those one­hour periods when his world would be broadened and enlivened (使有活力) by all the activities and colours of the world outside.
The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake.Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats.Young lovers walked arm in arm among flowers of every colour.Grand old trees made everything around more attractive, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance.As the man by the window described all this in great detail, the man on the other side of the room would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.One warm afternoon, the man by the window described a parade passing by.Although the other man couldn't hear the band, he could see it in his mind's eye as the gentleman by the window pictured it with descriptive words.
Days and weeks passed.One morning, the day nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died peacefully in his sleep.She was saddened and called the hospital attendants to take the body away.As soon as it seemed appropriate (适当的), the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window.The nurse was happy to make the switch (交换), and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone.Finally, he would have the joy of seeing it for himself.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2．至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Slowly and painfully, he made his greatest possible efforts to look out of the window beside the bed.




Paragraph 2：
“The man was blind and could not even see the wall.Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you.”the nurse answered.　





参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Slowly and painfully, he made his greatest possible effort to look out of the window beside the bed. When eagerly looking out of the window, he was frozen with his mouth open wide at the sight of the wall.Yes, he could see nothing but a blank wall.He couldn't believe his eyes, wondering what had happened.Gradually, he calmed down and lost himself in thought.Sitting there alone,_he wondered why the former roommate spent time describing the lively scenes during the one­hour periods.After a while, the nurse came in to take his temperature.“Miss, my former roommate pictured wonderful things outside the window to me every time, when he sat up and looked out of the window.But in fact there is only a wall outside.I just can't understand why he did so.” the man asked.
Paragraph 2：
“The man was blind and could not even see the wall.Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you.” the nurse answered. He was again shocked and suddenly enlightened, feeling deeply moved.Yes, he realized he had actually lived for those periods! He remembered how much he enjoyed the happy moments his roommate brought him, which rid him of the dark clouds in his life.He felt grateful for his roommate's special encouragement.
Section Ⅶ　Project and Video Time的学习模态
——用英语介绍中国(餐桌礼仪)


　　 If the disaster cannot defeat a person, it will help him succeed, so fortune and
misfortune are always closely linked. As for what you'll get, it depends on
whether you keep standing.
如果灾难不能把人打倒，它就会助人成功，因此幸运与不幸总是紧
密相连。至于你能得到什么，就看你是否能坚持住。


用英语介绍中国——必用三句
1．Dining etiquette is said to have its beginning in the Zhou Dynasty. 中国的餐饮礼仪据说源自于周朝。
2．For the seating arrangement, the left or eastward side is considered the most honourable.
对于入席座次，一般左边或朝东的是尊位。
3．In China all the dishes will be put on the table for everyone to share. 在中国，饭菜是放在桌子上一起享用的。

①etiquette n．　　　　　礼仪，礼节
②honourable adj. 尊敬的，可敬的
③dish n. 菜肴，食品　　
用英语介绍中国——必通古今
Dining Etiquette 餐桌礼仪
Within Chinese traditions, eating has far more functions than just filling the stomach or bringing gastronomic (美食的) pleasure. It was strengthening kinship and friendship. Sometimes eating also functioned as a way of “reporting back to the superior and pepping up the subordinates”．
在中国的传统里，饮食不仅是填饱肚子，或者享受美食，它还有其他的功能，比如增进亲情和友谊等。有时候，吃饭也是“下属向上司汇报、上司激励下属”的一种方式。
Invitation 邀请
According to ancient formalities (礼节), the host of a banquet issued invitations to his guests well in advance. On the banquet (筵席) day the host would greet the guests, ushered into the sitting room for tea. Then, the guests would be led to their seats in the banquet hall.
根据古代礼节，宴请主人会向宾客提前发出邀请。宴请当日，主人迎接宾客入厅堂喝茶。然后，引领宾客入席就座。
Seating Arrangement 入席座次
Seating Arrangement 入席座次
For the seating arrangement, the left or eastward side is considered the most honourable, the seat facing the door the most venerable of all. The second most prestigious (受尊敬的) seat is opposite the first, the third is adjacent to the first seat.
对于筵席座次，一般左边或朝东的是尊位，面对门的座位是最尊贵的。第二尊位是正对着主人的座位，其次是靠近主人的座位。
Toast 祝酒
When all were seated, the host would make a toast and invite guests to help themselves to the dishes, and the guests would express their thanks.
当宾客全部入座，主人会向宾客祝酒，享用筵席，宾客答谢。
用英语介绍中国——模拟对话
W: Will you come to my house for dinner tonight?
M: Sure. Thank you for your invitation!
W: 你今晚能来我家吃饭吗？
M: 当然可以。谢谢您的邀请！

W: Hi, welcome to my house!
M: Thank you. Here is a gift for you.
W: 嗨！欢迎来我家！
M: 谢谢。这是给你的礼物。

A: Please be seated, what would you like to drink, coffee or tea?
B: Tea is fine.
A: 请坐，你想喝什么，咖啡还是茶？
B: 茶就好。


①dinner n．　　　　　　正餐，晚餐
②invitation n. 邀请

选择题部分(共95分)

第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．When will the football match be broadcast live?
A．At 11 pm today.　　　　　
B．At 8 am tomorrow.
C．At 6 pm tomorrow.
2．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．One likes the football match, but the other doesn't.
B．Neither of them likes the football match.
C．Both of them like the football match.
3．What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A．A job opportunity.
B．A general manager.
C．A big travel agency.
4．How is the man feeling?
A．Disappointed.　 B．Encouraged.　　C．Delighted.
5．What can we learn about Green Book?
A．It's a TV play.
B．It's a good movie.
C．It's about war.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．When will the man go to town?
A．This afternoon.
B．Tomorrow morning.
C．Tomorrow afternoon.
7．What does Linda want the man to do?
A．Go shopping.
B．Go to the movies.
C．Have a film developed.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What will Johnny do on Tuesday?
A．See a film.
B．Go swimming.
C．Have a dinner outside.
9．What do we know about the pool in Park Road?
A．It's much bigger than the one in town.
B．It's more crowded than the one in town.
C．It's more expensive than the one in town.
10．Who will Johnny have a dinner with on Thursday?
A．His sister. B．The woman. C．Anna.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What do we know about the restaurant?
A．It's self­helpful.
B．It's expensive.
C．It's not various.
12．How much will the two speakers pay for the meal?
A．$50. B．$100. C．$150.
13．What do the two speakers think about the food?
A．It's worthy.
B．It's unworthy.
C．It's different to different people.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The man's fresh to the woman.
B．Mr.Graber's waiting for the man.
C．The woman's changed her office.
15．Why does the man come to the woman?
A．To attend a meeting.
B．To meet Mr.Graber.
C．To visit her new office.
16．What do we know about the man?
A．He travels a lot.
B．He's always very busy at work.
C．It has taken him a short time to get here.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Which item's price is under $240?
A．A king­size bed.
B．A colour TV.
C．A digital piano.
18．How much will the delivery be if you buy major appliances?
A．$5. B．$15. C．For free.
19．Where is Frontier Furniture located?
A．Two blocks west of the city hall.
B．Opposite the Union Square.
C．Opposite the city hall.
20．What is Frontier Furniture's opening hours on weekdays?
A．From 10：00 am to 5：30 pm.
B．From 10：00 am to 5：00 pm.
C．From 10：30 am to 5：00 pm.
答案：1～5　ACAAB　6～10　ACBAB
11～15　ABBCB　16～20　ABCBA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M: Mum, can I watch the live broadcast of the football match of the World Cup tonight?
W: Sorry, dear! Eleven o'clock is too late for a boy of your age. You can watch the video at 8 am or 6 pm tomorrow.
(Text 2)
W: What did you think of the football match on TV last night?
M: It's great.
W: I think so, too. And TV station should air more sports games.
(Text 3)
W: Look, it says they want a sales manager and it seems like it's a big company.
M: That'll be good.So you might have to travel a lot.
W: Do they say something about the experience?
(Text 4)
W: So you are leaving for the US tonight?
M: Don't ask.I am not going.
W: Why?
M: Because I have to stay here for a meeting with my boss.
W: Oh, well, never mind.Now you can come to Helen's party tonight.
(Text 5)
W: Are you going to see Green Book?
M: No, actually I already saw it.I'm going to see Avengers: Endgame.
W: Oh, that's a great movie.What did you think about Green Book?
M: I love it. It's very excellent.
(Text 6)
M: I'm going to town this afternoon. Is there anything I can do for you, Linda?
W: Oh, yes, please. If you could have this film developed for me, I would be most grateful.
M: Sure.Anything else?
W: Oh, yes, I almost forgot.If it's not too much trouble, could you get me some stamps and envelopes, and ...
M: Hey, just a moment, Linda.I'm afraid I'll have to make a list of the things you want me to do.Now, one by one, I'm at your service.
(Text 7)
W: Hi, Johnny.Do you want to go to the cinema on Tuesday?
M: Sorry, I can't.I'm going swimming with Anna.
W: Oh, where are you going to swim?
M: At the big pool in Park Road.
W: Is it better than the one in town?
M: Yes, it's much bigger and more modern.
W: I must try it some day.What are you doing on Thursday?
M: I haven't decided yet.Shall we eat at the French Restaurant?
W: I went there last week.It was very expensive.A Chinese one down the road is much cheaper.
M: What's it called?
W: Beijing Roast Duck Restaurant.
M: Oh, yes, I know the one.Let's try it.
(Text 8)
M: So, Mary, what do you think of the food?
W: Oh, it's great. For $50 per person, we can have Chinese, Japanese, Italian and French food.It's an incredible deal.I wonder if they can really make money out of this.
M: Sure, they can.You see, everything is taken into account.They figure a person's stomach can only handle this much, even when it's empty.
W: That's true.We'll never get our money's worth, no matter how hungry we are.
M: Except if you only pick the expensive variety.
W: For example?
M: For example, seafood, roast beef, mutton chop and so on.
W: But again one can't consume that much seafood.Too much of it can make you uncomfortable.
M: You're right.Oh well, let's just enjoy the variety and take it slowly.
(Text 9)
M: Good morning, nice to see you again.
W: Very nice to see you, too.
M: Oh, thank you.But, er, this is not the office I came to before, surely?
W: No, you're quite right. Our other office is being redecorated and we have just been moved here temporarily.It's not really very convenient.But we're hoping it won't be for very long.
M: Oh, I know, it's dreadful when you have to move office.Terrible.Er, Mr.Graber, is he in? I have an appointment.
W: Yes, he is expecting you, of course, but I'm sorry, he's not here at the moment.He's been held up at one of his meetings.He called ten minutes ago.Can you wait a few minutes?
M: Oh, sure.
W: Fine, er, have you come a long way this time?
M: Well, I've been travelling all over Europe for three weeks now, almost non­stop.
W: Sounds rather exciting.Where have you been?
M: Oh, I've been visiting most of the branches, looking at the various design centres and departments that we have.
(Text 10)
M: Good morning, everyone. My name is Bob Smith from Frontier Furniture. Are you looking for any facilities or furniture to give new life to your home? Look no further. Please come to our Frontier Furniture; here we have everything that you need to give your home a new look and feel. Video machines, refrigerators, light fixtures, dining room tables, washers and dryers, microwave, and so on. You name it; we have it! Low on cash. We have an easy rent­to­own plan that will put you in your favourite sofa tonight. Big colour TVs are as low as $225; digital pianos starting at $399; king­size beds cost from $250.You will be able to enjoy free delivery on all major appliances.
So please come down to Frontier Furniture as soon as possible. It is located downtown two blocks east of the city hall, opposite the Union Square. We are open daily from 10：00 in the morning to 5：30 in the afternoon weekdays. And 10：30 am to 5：00 pm on weekends. So, come on in, and let us make your dream home become a reality. Thank you.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
When I was 4 years old, I met my best friend Ann in kindergarten (幼儿园). She was really small because she was only 3 years old, a year younger than the rest of us. At first I really disliked her. The teachers had to help her with everything! She even needed them to hold her hand as she was going down the slide (滑梯). We would play jokes on her tiny nose and I thought it was quite funny.
When one of the kids had his/her birthday, we would bring lots of candies, balloons, eat a cake and sing Happy Birthday to You in kindergarten. I was so delirious when my birthday was drawing near. However, a teacher held the tiny girl's hand and they came to me. “You girls can celebrate your birthday together! Gaja, your birthday is on the 19th and her birthday is just a day later! Isn't that surprising？” Perfectly surprising. I was angry.
The next day was my birthday and I felt that I was the happiest kid in the entire world. I should also mention that I was unable to stop imagining myself as a princess at the time. When I almost forgot about the tiny girl, she came to me. I saw she was holding two beautiful crowns (王冠) that were made out of paper. One was green and the other one was red. She gave me the red one and wished me a happy birthday. You can imagine I was really, really grateful. Since that day, we became very close friends.
We're now finishing high school in the same class and in fall we're going to study at the same university. To this day, I still feel so lucky that Ann was able to buy my friendship with a paper crown. 15 years later, we're almost like sisters and I love her so much.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者与Ann在幼儿园里相识。起初，作者并不喜欢Ann，但后来两人成了情同姐妹的好朋友。
21．Why did the author dislike Ann at first?
A．Ann had a tiny nose.
B．Ann was younger than her.
C．She thought Ann was not brave.
D．She thought Ann was a trouble.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段的“The teachers had to help her with everything! She even needed them to hold her hand as she was going down the slide (滑梯)．”可知，Ann做什么事都需要老师的帮助，甚至她滑滑梯时还需要别人拉住她的手。因此，作者认为Ann是个麻烦不断的人，因此不喜欢她。
22．What does the underlined word “delirious” in the second paragraph mean?
A．Lucky. B．Excited.
C．Grateful. D．Satisfied.
解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据该词前后的“When one of the kids had his/her birthday ... sing Happy Birthday to You in kindergarten”和“when my birthday was drawing near”可知，生日当天孩子们会带来很多糖果、气球，吃蛋糕和唱生日歌，所以快到作者的生日时，她感到很兴奋。
23．What happened on the author's birthday?
A．Ann came late on purpose.
B．Ann promised to be her friend.
C．She changed her mind about Ann.
D．She was angry at Ann's appearance.
解析：选C　推理判断题。结合第一段的“At first I really disliked her”，第二段的“I was angry”和第三段的“You can imagine I was really, really grateful ... very close friends”可以推知，作者过生日时Ann送了作者一顶红色的王冠，作者由原本不喜欢Ann到和Ann成为了非常亲密的朋友，作者改变了对Ann的看法。
B
After an earthquake most survivors can be expected to recover over time, particularly with the support of family and friends. Some families will be able to return to their normal life quickly, while others will have to contend_with the destruction of their homes, medical problems, and injury to family members. Children especially will need time to recover from the loss of a loved one or a pet or from the closing down of their school.
Children often turn to adults for information, comfort and help. Parents should try to remain calm, answer children's questions honestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children's behaviour.
Children react differently to an earthquake depending on their ages, developmental levels and former experiences. Some will respond by withdrawing (不与人交往), while others will have angry outbursts (爆发)．Parents should remain sensitive to each child's reactions. Parents should spend time talking to their children, letting them know that it's OK to ask questions and to share their worries. Although it may be hard to find time to have these talks, parents can use regular family mealtimes or bedtime for them. They should answer questions briefly and honestly and be sure to ask their children for their opinions and ideas. Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again. For young children, parents, after talking about the earthquake, might read a favourite story or have a relaxing family activity to help them calm down. Parents should also tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. They could play games outside or read together indoors. Most importantly, be sure to tell them you love them.
语篇解读：本文就震后如何帮助孩子恢复身心健康向家长提出了有关建议。
24．The underlined phrase “contend with” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”．
A．deal with　　　 B．make up
C．put off D．turn back
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可推出此处“contend with”意思为“处理”。与deal with 接近。
25．When children ask the same questions again, parents should________.
A．read a favourite story to comfort them
B．ask them to help do some housework
C．be patient and answer the questions again
D．take them out to play games
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again.”可知答案。
26．Which of the following pieces of advice is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Keep a close watch on children's behaviour.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children you love them.
D．Ask educational experts for help.
解析：选D　细节理解题。从文章最后一段可找到有关A、B、C三个选项的表述，D项文中没有提及。
27．What can we know from the passage?
A．All people will recover from an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a longer time to recover after an earthquake.
C．Children should turn to their classmates for help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults do to an earthquake.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Children especially will need time to recover from ...”可知B项正确。
C
Lions communicate with each other through body language, touch, smell, and sound.Lions from the same pride (狮群) greet each other by touching their faces, necks and bodies together.
Lions have many scent glands (臭腺) on their faces, lips, foreheads and tails (尾巴). A lion's scent communicates with other lions where they have been and how long ago.They also use scent to attract a friend.Lions have an extra smell organ (器官) called the Jacobson's organ that is used to smell other cats.In order to use this organ, a lion shuts off his nose, and tastes the air through his mouth!
Lions use many parts of their bodies to communicate their feelings through posturing.Because their most dangerous weapons (武器) are their teeth, and the most important body part used to communicate is their faces.When lions feel threatened and are scared, they show their weapons, raise their tails and lift their backs trying to look as big as possible.The king of the pride will walk with his head held high, his ears standing upright, his mouth closed, and his tail waving from side­to­side.The other members of the pride will walk with their heads held low, their mouths open, and their teeth showing.A lion is able to notice even the slightest change in posture of another lion.
The lion is the loudest of all big cats.Because lions are one of the most threatening animals in the wild, and they are not scared to be noisy.Loud roars help keep kings of different prides away from one another.Mothers and their young use the largest variety of calls to communicate because they are the members of the pride that spend the most time together.
语篇解读：狮子通过动作、表情、叫声及气味来彼此交流。
28．Which of the following behaviour is friendly?
A．Smelling each other.
B．Touching each other.
C．Roaring to each other.
D．Showing their teeth to each other.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lions from the same pride (狮群) greet each other by touching their faces, necks and bodies together.”可知，同一狮群中的狮子通过身体的接触来打招呼，表示友好。
29．When a lion is scared, he will ________.
A．close his eyes
B．put down his tail
C．make himself look bigger
D．stand high with his back feet
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When lions feel threatened and are scared, they show their weapons, raise their tails and lift their backs trying to look as big as possible.”可知答案。
30．What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．The lion is the loudest animal in the wild.
B．Loud roars can be warnings to other prides.
C．Members of a pride have the same language.
D．It's not easy for mother lions to find their children.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Loud roars help keep kings of different prides away from one another.”可知，狮子通过吼叫警告其他狮群不要靠近。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Preparing healthy, fresh meals three times a day takes a lot of time. __31__ But how do we still keep healthy when we eat out? There are a few simple things we can do.
The first thing to consider is the portion size (分量). Many restaurants provide larger portions than you normally need in one meal. __32__ One way to achieve this, if you're at a restaurant, is to ask only half your meal to be brought out and the other half boxed to take home later. If you're eating fast food, order a Kids Meal that has a smaller portion.
However, we all want to be satisfied at the end of a meal. __33__ We can achieve it by controlling our appetite (食欲). One way is to carry around healthy snacks that you can take between meals to help with hunger. __34__ Not only is water important to your health, but it'll help you become full faster.
__35__ Most menus now have meals with low fat. Order those meals when you eat out. Also think about healthy soup instead of soda drinks.
A．Pay attention to how we eat a meal.
B．But water is healthier than sweet drinks.
C．So more and more people like eating out.
D．You can eat less of your main meal when you eat out.
E．Then how do we do that if we aren't eating tons of food?
F．One more thing to think about is making healthy choices to start with.
G．Another suggestion is to drink one to two cups of water before your meal.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了在外就餐时如何保证健康的饮食。
31．选C　准备健康、新鲜的一日三餐是一件耗时的事，所以越来越多的人喜欢在外就餐。根据下一句中的“eat out”可以推知，空格处提到了“在外就餐”。
32．选D　本段的主旨是在外就餐时要考虑到我们所点食物的分量。选项D中的“eat less”符合本段的主旨。
33．选E　上一段建议我们在外就餐时尽量点小分量的食物。本段的第一句说，但是我们都希望在享受完一顿饭后能够获得满足感。空格处承上启下，说到：那么我们在不能放开胃口吃的情况下，如何获得吃饭的满足感呢？
34．选G　根据本段的“controlling our appetite”可知，本段的主旨是建议我们控制食欲。上一句“One way is to ...”给出了控制食欲的一个方法，空格处提出另一个方法，Another suggestion is to ...。再结合下一句中的water可知，空格处提到了water。选项B也提到了water，但不符合语境。
35．选F　本段提出了在外就餐的最后一条建议。根据下文的点低脂肪的食物和健康的汤可以推知，本段的主旨是在外就餐时从点餐开始就做健康的选择。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Tim, a blind and deaf man, boarded a six­hour flight, travelling from Boston to Los Angeles by himself. He __36__ on board as no one was able to communicate with him. After flight attendants (服务人员) looked for anyone __37__ sign language, Clara Daly came to Tim's __38__ and talked to him in the only way he knew. Signing each __39__ letter, Clara was able to have a __40__ with him. Her heart­warming act __41__ the attention of a passenger Lynette Scribner, who recorded the whole thing.
The flight attendants __42__ wanted to help him, but had no way to __43__. They took his hands and __44__ so hard to communicate with him, but to no avail (没用). Those sitting next to Tim __45__ helped get his food and coffee and __46__ him to the toilet. That was when this lovely young woman __47__. Clara learned American sign language because she had dyslexia (诵读困难) and it was the __48__ foreign language for her to learn. So for the rest of the flight, she took care of Tim and made sure his needs were __49__. She signed one __50__ at a time into his hand. He was able to __51__ her signing and they carried on a lively conversation.
Lynette was touched by the strangers' __52__ as everyone did their best to help Tim. She said, “All of us in the __53__ rows enjoyed his pleasure of having someone to __54__. Actually it was a beautiful __55__ that there are still kind­hearted people who are willing to help others.”
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了双目失明且失聪的Tim在飞机上得到Clara Daly和其他乘客帮助的故事。
36．A.escaped　　　　　 B．suffered
C．walked D．failed
解析：选B　根据上文“Tim, a blind and deaf man”可知，Tim在飞机上无法与其他人交流，感到很不适。
37．A.knowing B．writing
C．inventing D．teaching
解析：选A　由上文“no one was able to communicate with him”可知，空乘人员想找一个懂手语的人。
38．A.offer B．call
C．mind D．help
解析：选D　根据上文内容可知，Tim需要别人帮助，所以Clara Daly过来帮忙。
39．A.funny B．strange
C．single D．large
解析：选C　根据上文内容可知，Clara把每一个字母比划出来，从而和Tim进行交流。
40．A.conversation B．discussion
C．meeting D．fight
解析：选A　参考上题解析。
41．A.fixed B．needed
C．caught D．missed
解析：选C　由下文“who recorded the whole thing”可知，Clara感人的行为引起了Lynette Scribner的注意。
42．A.shyly B．sincerely
C．suddenly D．finally
解析：选B　根据下文可知，空乘人员真心想帮助Tim，但是无法和他交流。
43．A.communicate B．follow
C．change D．settle
解析：选A　参考上题解析。
44．A.prepared B．determined
C．learned D．tried
解析：选D　根据上文“wanted to help him”可知，空乘人员想帮助他，所以他们尽力和他交流，但是没用。
45．A.just B．still
C．also D．ever
解析：选C　坐在Tim旁边的乘客也帮他领取食物和咖啡，还带他去卫生间。
46．A.led B．pushed
C．carried D．drove
解析：选A　参考上题解析。

47．A.answered B．continued
C．disagreed D．appeared
解析：选D　正在Tim需要帮助的时候，Clara出现了。
48．A.funniest B．easiest
C．best D．newest
解析：选B　由“she had dyslexia”可知，对于Clara来说，美式手语是最容易学习的语言。
49．A.made B．divided
C．met D．noticed
解析：选C　根据下文“everyone did their best to help Tim”可知，Clara照顾Tim，确保他的需要得到满足。
50．A.letter B．mark
C．vocabulary D．usage
解析：选A　根据上文内容可知，Clara每次比划一个字母。
51．A.feel B．hear
C．accept D．read
解析：选D　由下文“they carried on a lively conversation”可知，Tim能够理解Clara的手语。
52．A.honesty B．kindness
C．expression D．happiness
解析：选B　根据上文内容可知，Lynette被大家的善行所感动。
53．A.short B．middle
C．neighbouring D．straight
解析：选C　根据上文“Those sitting next to Tim”可知，坐在Tim旁边的人们都为有人和他交流而感到开心。
54．A.move to B．reply to
C．agree to D．talk to
解析：选D　参考上题解析。
55．A.idea B．example
C．accident D．suggestion
解析：选B　由下文内容可知，本文讲述了一个很好的助人为乐的事例。
非选择题部分(共55分)

第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
New York City is a city that __56__ (lie) at the mouth of the Hudson River, southeastern New York State. It is __57__ (official) called the City of New York. The city has five parts: Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island — each having its own lifestyle. __58__ (move) from one city to the next may be like passing from one country to __59__.
For the past two __60__ (century), New York City has been the largest and __61__ (busy) American city. Over half the people and goods that ever entered the U．S. in the past came through its port (港口). New York City means __62__ (possible) because it is always on its way to something better. However, it has also become a goal for international terrorism (恐怖主义). The World Trade Center, __63__ had been the most important symbol of the city for 30 years, __64__ (attack) on September 11, 2001. Whatever happens, New York City is a place that provides people __65__ all kinds of food, languages, and experiences.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国第一大城市纽约市。
56．lies　定语从句的关系词that是lie的主语，两者之间是主动关系，且本句为陈述事实，故填lies。
57．officially　副词修饰动词called。
58．Moving/To move　动名词或动词不定式作主语。
59．another　根据上文的“from one country”可知，此处填another指代另一个国家。
60．centuries　根据本空前的two可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。
61．busiest　根据空前的largest可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。
62．possibility　纽约市意味着许多可能性。名词作谓语动词means的宾语。
63．which　该空为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为The World Trade Center，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
64．was attacked　本句的主语是The World Trade Center，与动词attack之间是动宾关系，且本句描述过去发生的事情，故填was attacked。
65．with　provide sb. with sth.“向某人提供某物”。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
假设你是李华，来自新西兰的留学生Jack将寄宿你家里，为期一年。请根据以下要点给Jack写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．询问他的生活习惯；
3．询问到达的时间。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。






参考范文：
Dear Jack，
I'm really excited to know that you will spend one year with us. To make your stay comfortable, I'd like to know something about your habits. Firstly, would you like to share a room with me or sleep alone? Secondly, do you enjoy Chinese food? Besides, would you mind keeping a pet? Don't be shy of telling me what you think. By the way, please tell me when you will arrive here and where I can meet you.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节：概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Your attitude plays a big part in your everyday life and can influence how your life may turn out in the future. If you have a good attitude, you'll be the kind of person who works hard and you'll live the kind of life many would admire. Here're some tips which can help you improve your attitude.
Spend time with those who share your positive attitude. This is a must if you want to improve your attitude. The people you surround yourself with most of the time will reflect upon your life. So always make sure that these people share your positive attitude and lift you.
When you take action, always take steps to act with a purpose, so that your actions are in line with your values. For example, Walt Disney's main purpose is to “make people happy”. So next time you act, think of your purpose and improve your attitude while doing so!
Being polite when given help or asking for it isn't a hard thing, yet so often we forget these simple words, especially with those closest to us. If you want to improve your attitude, use “please” and “thank you” every time you're given the opportunity.
If you want to improve your attitude to life and to those around you, stop comparing yourself with others. It's human to compare our lives with others', but when we do it too often we can drag (拖) ourselves down. So spare yourself the worry and stop comparing; only focus (集中) on your own life and you'll be much happier in the process.
Gratefulness is one of the most powerful attitudes in your life. If you want a better life, give thanks for all that you have each and every day. Gradually, you'll receive more things to be thankful for!
So how's your attitude today? Does it need a little fine tuning?





参考范文：
Your attitude, which may influence your future, plays an important role in your daily life.(要点1) To improve your attitude, you should be with the persons with a positive attitude and act with an exact goal.(要点2) In addition, it doesn't make sense to compare yourself with others.(要点3) Lastly, using polite words, like “please” and “thank you”， often and learning to be grateful for whatever you have will contribute to improving your attitude.(要点4)