英语人教版 (2019)Unit 1 People of Achievement课时作业

Unit 1 People of achievement

Period 4 Reading for Writing（解析版）

Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词

1. There is no doubt that Einstein is a_________(天才) who developed the_________________ (相对论), which showcase that everything is actually_________ (相对的), rather than absolute, so you should practise thinking_________(批判性).  

2. I have several companions in this school, of whom Li Hua is always full of _________(热情) when solving problems of subjects. _________ (逐渐地), he becomes an_______________(非凡的) example of us. As_________________(结果), we consider him as all-around good student at the end of the semester.  

3. A high building is ____________ (construct) where it was a factory before, which is said to establish a research_________ (研究所), where medical_________(设备) is served to countryside clinic.

4. When the official_____________power(上台), he ____________ (拿起) the weapon of law to_________ up(结算) all the wrongdoings of some bad guys, which cleared the circumstance of that area and consequently (最后) many young people can take ______________(以……为职业) clerks in companies, supermarkets and so on.  

5. It is certain that everybody would_________ away(去世) in time, but the method of dying is_________ (不同的), some of which are remarkable (非凡的)and can be praised_____________(遍及) the world, so we ought to make an extraordinary arrangement when we are healthy and have opportunity to take_______ (花费; 占用) time to develop ourselves.
答案：1. genius theory of relativity  relative  critically  
   2. passion Gradually  extraordinary  a consequence  as 
   3. constructed  institute  device   
   4. came into  took up  sum  consequently  a job as  
   5. pass  distinct  remarkable  throughout  up

Ⅱ. 单句语法填空

1. That is to say, investment in fixed assets(固定资产投资) will remain at a ___________(relative) low scale.

2. Now in the mid-eastern part, it is ___________ (extraordinary) difficult for the rest of the world to come to an agreement.

3. After four decades of reform and opening-up, Silicon Valley of China has ___________ (gradual) become a global hardware center.

4. This year has seen a number of ___________ (remark) business stories in China, including some masters such as Alibaba and Huawei.

5. Delcourt said, “Liu Cixin is a ___________ (genius) who is still undiscovered in France, and I see great possibilities for him. ”

6. When fighting with natural disasters, the workers were ___________ (passion) and looked for entertainment through competition.

7. As a hospital,  famous for its ___________ (profession) treatment, 301 Hospital is always rather crowded.

8. ___________ (draft) contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practising law.

答案：1. relatively   2. extraordinarily   3. gradually   4. remarkable              
   5. genius    6. passionate   7. professional   8. Drafting

Ⅲ. 选词填空

sum up;  come to power;  take up;  as a consequence of;  stand on end;  as though;

1. It is worthwhile to ___________ the experience and characteristics of Macao in faithfully implementing “one country, two systems”.  

2. As a child, did you experience the dream scene which made your hair ___________ at midnight.  

3. __________________ the consciousness, three days ago, a series of anti-terrorist posters caused widespread alarm across Indonesia and Turkey.  

4. That Hitler ________________ was really a disaster to the world.  

5. Can you figure out the average living space that a person can___________ in this city?

6. It seems ___________ the difficulty will be over soon.

答案：1. sum up    2. stand on end   3. As a consequence of   
   4. came to power  5. take up    6. as though

IV.阅读理解   

A

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were two young men from Germany who loved a good story. As university students, they became interested in folktales—traditional stories that people memorized and told again and again. They began to collect traditional folktales from storytellers all over Germany. Many were similar to stories told in France, Italy, Japan, and other countries. Between 1812 and 1814, the brothers published two books in German. These included stories like “Hansel and Gretel” and “Little Red Riding Hood. ”

Despite the fact that Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are often associated with Snow White and Rapunzel, the brothers didn’t actually write any of those stories. In fact, the stories existed long before the two men were born in Germany in the mid 1780s. The fairy tales, in fact, were part of a rich oral tradition—passed down from generation to generation, often by women seeking to pass the time during household chores. In 1812, Jacob and Wilhelm published the stories as part of a collection titled Nursery and Household Tales, or what is now known as Grimm’s Fairy Tales.

The Grimm brothers’ tales were about traditional life and beliefs. For example, forests are common in Germany, and this image often appears in the Grimms’ stories. In the past, many people believed forests were dangerous places. In the Grimms’ stories, a forest is the home of evil witches, talking animals, and other magical beings.

Although most people today think of these stories as fairy tales for children, the brothers first wrote them for adults. Many of their early tales were dark and a little scary. Later, the brothers changed the text of some of the original stories. They “softened” many of the tales and added drawings. This made them more appropriate(合适的) for children. Like the early tales, though, each story still has a moral: work hard, be good, and listen to your parents.

Actually, university-trained philologists (语言学者) and librarians, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm published more than fairy tales. They wrote books about mythology, and published scholarly works on linguistics and medieval studies.

1. What is the main purpose of the reading?

A. To compare the Grimms’ stories to modern children’s stories.

B. To explain why storytelling is important in Germany.

C. To examine two of the Grimms’ fairy tales.

D. To give information about the Grimm brothers and their stories.

2. Which of these statements is true about the Grimm brothers?

A. They invented the fairy tales in their books.

B. They wrote their books in different languages.

C. They became interested in folktales as students.

D. They traveled to many countries to collect stories.

3. Which of the following best explains “moral” underlined in Paragraph 4?

A. interest　　 B. text　   　C. story　  　D. message

4. What do we know about the Grimms’ stories?

A. The later stories had morals, like the early ones.

B. The early stories were written for children.

C. The early stories had a lot of drawings.

D. The later stories reflected German life, but the early ones didn’t.

答案：DCDA

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 文章介绍了格林兄弟及其作品。

1. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第一段, 雅各布•格林和威廉•格林是两个来自德国的年轻人, 他们喜欢听好听的故事。作为大学生, 他们开始对民间故事感兴趣——人们反复记忆和讲述的传统故事。他们开始从德国各地的说书人那里收集传统民间故事, 以及下文可知, 文章主要介绍了格林兄弟及其作品。
2. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句话As university students, they became interested in folktales—traditional stories可知, 当他们还是学生的时候, 就对民间故事非常感兴趣。

3. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据上文可知, 格林童话和早期民间故事一样, 教人们努力, 善良, 听爸妈的话这样的道德寓意。

4. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段Like the early tales, though, each story still has a moral: work hard, be good, and listen to your parents. 可知, 格林童话的故事和早期一样, 都有寓意。

B

There is a story about a man who lost his legs and left arm in an accident. After the accident, only a finger and thumb on his right hand remained.

He was a brilliant, creative, and educated man. He had gained a lot of experience while traveling around the world, so he became very depressed after his accident. He was afraid that he would spend the rest of his life suffering and would no longer be able to spend his life in a meaningful way. Then, he realized that he still had partial function of his right hand and could still write even though it was very difficult. An idea occurred to him. “Why not write to other people who need encouragement?  ”

He wrote to the prison ministry about sending letters to the prisoners. The prison minister replied, “Writing to the prisoners is acceptable, but your letters will not be answered. ”

Filled with excitement, the man knew he could write his letters. He began sending one-way messages of God’s love, hope, strength, and encouragement. He wrote twice a week, testing his strength and ability to the limit. He poured his heart and soul into his words and shared his experience, sense of humor, optimism, and faith.

It was difficult to write those letters, especially without hope of a reply. One day he received a letter from the prison ministry. It was a short note from the officer who monitored and checked the prison mail.

The letter said, “Please write on the best paper you can afford. Your letters are passed from cell to cell until they literally fall to pieces!  ”

No matter what circumstances life may present, we all have unique experiences, abilities, and God-given talents. We can discover ways to reach others who desperately need messages of encouragement and strength.

5. According to the prison minister, ______.  

A. the man was not allowed to write to the prisoners

B. the man couldn’t go to see the prisoners himself

C. he was not sure if the prisoners liked receiving the letters

D. the prisoners were not allowed to answer the letters

6. In order to live in a meaningful way, the man began to ______.  

A. receive the school education

B. meet the people who are depressed

C. write to other people who need encouragement

D. help other people with lost arms and legs

7. What can be the best title for the passage?

A. Special Letters of Encouragement

B. Popularity of Special Letters

C. Stories about a Humorous Person

D. Life in the prison

8. From the officer’s short note we are told that ______.  

A. the man would be offered free paper to write letters on

B. his letters were very popular among the prisoners

C. the prisoners eagerly wanted to write back to the man

D. some of the prisoners were not satisfied with his letters

答案：DCAB

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位聪明的男人, 在交通事故中失去双腿和左臂后, 凭借自己的能力和才华, 给监狱里的犯人写充满爱、希望和鼓励的信。让自己的生活充满意义。

5. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的The prison minister replied, “Writing to the prisoners is acceptable, but your letters will not be answered. ” 可知, 监狱长告诉故事主人公, 写信可以, 但是不会收到回信。这句话使用了一般将来时, 很肯定地表明事实不会收到回信。可知, 犯人不可以回信。
6. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段中的An idea occurred to him, “Why not write to other people who need encouragement? ” 以及第四段中的 He began sending one-way messages of God’s love, hope, strength, and encouragement. 可知, 故事主人公想出了给需要鼓励的人写信的主意, 并且在与监狱长确认后, 他开始写信。也就是说为了生活得更有意义, 故事主人公开始给需要鼓励的人写信。
7. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。这是一篇记叙文, 文章中心体现在最后一段: 无论我们身处什么环境, 我们总有自己的长处, 并能找到方法去帮助那些需要鼓励和力量的人。选项A中的“Special Letters”体现了故事主人公的处境, “Encouragement”体现了故事主人公内心的力量。
8. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第六段中的Your letters are passed from cell to cell until they literally fall to pieces! 可知, 故事主人公的信被从一个囚室传到另一个囚室, 直到碎成纸屑。可以推出故事主人公的信在犯人之间很受欢迎。

V.书面表达

(2020·济宁高一检测)

根据以下材料, 写一篇100词左右的英语短文, 向外国朋友介绍孔子(Confucius)。

出生: 公元前551年生于鲁国, 春秋时期去世: 公元前479年, 享年73岁

身份: 中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家, 儒家学派的创始人

政治理想: 建立一个和谐人道的社会

代表作品: 《论语》(the Analects of Confucius)

影响: 对中国的政治、经济及文化产生深远的影响

参考词汇: 儒家学派Confucianism; 人道的humanistic; 和谐的harmonious

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Confucius, known as Kong Zi in China, is a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was born in the Lu State in 551 BC. When it was Spring and Autumn Period, he died in 479 BC at the age of 73.

As the founder of Confucianism, Confucius devoted his whole life to building a harmonious and humanistic society. The Analects of Confucius was his most famous work.

Confucius has lasting and deep influence on China’s politics, economy and culture. Not only is Confucius the pride of China, but his thoughts and works also belong to the whole world.