高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement一课一练

Unit 1 People of achievement

Period 1 Reading and thinking

一、单句语法填空

1.  题目  He is widely _____________(acknowledge) as the best player in the world.

【答案】acknowledged

【解析】be acknowledged as 被承认是

2.  题目 He was ________________(apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten.

【答案】apparently

【解析】副词修饰much surprised.

3.  题目  He insist on _____________(give) every detail of the case.

【答案】being given

【解析】句意为：他坚决要求说明事情的整个来龙去脉。He为give的主语补足语。

4.  题目  The key to success as a romantic _____________( novel) is absolute belief in your story.

【答案】 novelist

【解析】句意为：一个浪漫派小说家成功的关键在于对自己故事的绝对相信。因为后面是belief in, 所以前面是小说家，是“人”，而不是小说。

5.  题目  He tried boiling fresh wormwood, and _________(use) the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria.

【答案】 using

【解析】boiling和suing并列，为tried的宾语。

6. 题目  I saw leaves moving__________(gentle) in the breeze.

【答案】 gently

【解析】 副词修饰动词move。

7.  题目 In the war, they narrowly avoided____________(defeat) by the enemy.

【答案】 being defeated

【解析】句意为：战争中他们差点被敌人打败。avoid doing sth.

8.  题目 Tu Youyou’s research led to the discovery of artemisinin, ____crucial new treatment for malaria. 

【答案】 a

【解析】treatment在此为可数名词，“一种治疗方法”。

9.  题目 Upon ________(arrive), he hugge my uncle and tried to give him courage.

【答案】 arrival

【解析】 句意为：他一到来就拥抱我的叔叔，想尽量给他勇气。

10. 题目 They did an experiment and compared the physical ________(property) of the two substances.

【答案】 properties

【解析】 句意为：他们做了实验比较了这两种物质的物理特性。

二、  单句改错

1. Artemisinin is thought to save 100,000 life a year in Africa alone.

【答案】 life 改为lives

【解析】 此处life为生命，可数名词。

2. Boiled the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.

【答案】 Boiled 改为 Boiling

【解析】 Boiling为动名词做主语

3. We talked about music, and food, and holiday destinations, and gradual established a kinship.

【答案】 gradual改为 gradually

【解析】 句意为：我们谈论了音乐、食物以及度假目的地，逐渐就亲密起来。gradually 副词修饰动词。

4. On October 6, Tu Youyou was awarded with the Nobel Prize.

【答案】 with去掉

【解析】award的用法为award sb. sth.

5. They will send in trained nurses evaluate the needs of the individual patient.

【答案】 evaluate 前加 to

【解析】to evaluate 不定式表目的。

三、语法填空

TU Youyou, 84,  1  (honor) with the Nobel Prize in Physiology (生理学) or Medicine on Oct 5. She was  2  first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science. Tu shared the prize  3  the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura of Japan.
    Tu is a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was honored for  4    (develop) artemisinin , “a new drug therapy against malaria”   5  has saved millions of lives worldwide,               6  (especial) in developing countries, the Nobel Assembly said on its website.
    Tu and her colleagues  7  (join) a government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. They made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese   8  (medicine) books. In 1971, after more than 190   9   (fail), Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against the malaria parasites (寄生虫) – artemisinin.

“The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It’s the collective achievement of the research team.   10  (win) the prize is an honor for China’s science and traditional Chinese medicine,” Tu told Xinhua.

【答案】  1. was honored  2. the   3. with     4. developing   5.that  

6. especially   7. joined  8. medical  9. failures     10. Winning

四、阅读理解

NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons – bacteria, viruses, and parasites (寄生虫) – claim millions of lives every year.
    But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5. 
    Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Ōmura for discovering avermectin (阿维菌素), a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (象皮病). Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin , a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
    Ōmura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds (化合物) that work against harmful microbes (微生物). Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by Ōmura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
    Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
    Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
    Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, Ōmura and Tu helped to discover.

1. The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating ______.

A. river blindness 

B. malaria

C. lymphatic filariasis

D. infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】根据第三段最后一句可知。Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin , a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
2. Avermectin, discovered by Campbell and Ōmura, comes from ______.
  A. bacteria   B. plants   C. farm animals   D. ocean animals

【答案】A

【解析】根据第五段第一句可知Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin?
  A. It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
  B. Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
  C. Artemisinin has saved millions of people’s lives since its discovery.
  D. Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.

【答案】C

【解析】根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，523计划是60年代晚期提出的，从倒数第二段第三句可知，青蒿素是1971年发现的。故A错。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，失败的次数为190多次，故B错。青蒿素无国外科学家参与发现，故D错。根据最后一段第一句可知C正确。