高中英语人教版(2019)必修一写作专题课一学案
展开英语书面表达是高考英语试题中必考的一项,共25分,占考试总分的16.7%。全国卷高考英语书面表达题经常考查应用文这种体裁。试题主要考查学生们对介绍信、申请信、请求信、邀请信以及电子邮件的英语写作能力,形式较单一,都是以书信的形式考查学生的书面表达能力。
一、考纲要求
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017)》对高三学生英语写作能力的要求是:能用英文书写摘要、报告、通知和公务信函等;能比较详细和生动地用英语描述情景、态度或感情;能阐述自己的观点和评述他人的观点,问题恰当,用词准确;能在写作中恰当地处理引用的资料和他人的原话;能填写各种表格,个人简历和申请书,用词基本准确、得当;能做简单的笔头翻译;能在以上写作过程中做到文字通顺、格式正确。
在高一阶段学生应该建构基本的写作能力,养成良好的写作习惯,如审题清楚;行文连贯;书写规范。
二、全国卷英语作文评分标准
Ⅰ. 第五档(很好);(21-25分):完全完成了试题规定的任务
(1)覆盖所有内容要点;
(2)应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;
(3)语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力;
(4)有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑完全达到了预期的写作目的。
Ⅱ. 第四档(好):(16-20分)完全完成了试题规定的任务
(1)虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容;
(2)应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;
(3)语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致;
(4)应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑达到了预期的写作目的。
三、英语高分写作秘诀
审题正确、词汇多样性、语法复杂性、文章连贯性。
(1)审题
审标题:看文章是否要求有题目(title)或者主题(tpic)能够确保不跑题;
审体裁:确能够定文章的文体,为写作提供方向;
审要点:如果英语作文中,有要求要点的,一般是给分项,准确把握住要点,是高分的一个诀窍。
(2)总结归纳要点
理顺要点:将提炼的要点按逻辑关系(如时间关系、因果关系、转折关系等)重新安排,这样整篇文章看起来就整体有序,流畅自然。
构思文章提纲:根据题目的要点,安排好段落和主次关系。要形成良好的分段意识,写作分段是必须要进行的(2至4段为佳),这样文章显得不拥挤且层次分明。在行文意识上,要注意突出要点。
(3)遣词
不出现语言错误、避免词语重复、注意词语和短语搭配使用、可以适度的使用加分词句:高级词、同义词、短语等替代。
(4)造句
表达意思要清楚无误,多种表达方式表达相同含义,避免句式单调(简单句,并列句,复合句等适度运用),表达意思清楚无误:具体化、细节化,可以用形象思维来表达。
(5)谋篇
注意分段、详略搭配;注意连贯、行文时多用关联词、引导词;把文章句子通过各种关系整合起来,达到起承转合,运用自如的目的,从而获取高分。
四、写作常见问题
1. 审题不清,忽略格式,漏掉要点;
2. 词汇量匮乏,不能熟练运用积累的词汇;
3. 语法错误较多,中式英文现象明显;
4. 缺乏逻辑表达,句子之间不够连贯;
5. 书写不规范。
假定你是李华,暑假在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者,内容包括:
1. 写信目的;
2. 个人优势;
3. 能做的事情。
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。
【详解】1. 审题立意
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写申请信,人称使用第一人称和第二人称,时态用一般现在时。
2. 谋篇布局
书信格式,称呼和落款文中已经给出。首段,写信的目的,中间段写个人优势和能做的事,最后一段总结。
3. 关键词
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇有:vlunteer,a Chinese Painting Exhibitin, lcal city, advantages, a gd cmmand f,beneficial fr, familiarity with, appreciate, take my applicatin int cnsideratin。通过词汇铺垫,我们就能很容易地行文了,文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误,并增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇,如first f all, besides, t begin with,mrever,as fr me,last but nt least等,使全文衔接自然,语义流畅。
参考答案:
Dear Sir r Madam,
I’m Li Hua, an utging by, wh is studying in Lndn. I am writing t apply t be a vlunteer f yur team, having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibitin will be held in this lcal city. I have sme advantages fr the jb.
First f all, having lived in China fr sixteen years and having learnt English since I was a child, I have a gd cmmand f English and Chinese, which is beneficial fr intrducing Chinese paintings. Besides, having a gd knwledge f Chinese paintings because f my familiarity with Chinese painting culture, I can get freigners and the lcals t knw mre abut it. Last but nt least,thrugh my intrductin and effrts, I believe, I can strengthen the friendship between China and England. I wuld appreciate it if yu culd take my applicatin int cnsideratin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【点睛】本文首段开门见山,表达了写信的目的;第2段详细介绍了个人的优势和能做的事情,an utging by, wh is studying in Lndn.此处使用了同位语和非限制性定语从句。having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibitin will be held in this lcal city.使用了分词作状语和宾语从句及被动语态。having lived in China fr sixteen years and having learnt English since I was a child, I have a gd cmmand f English and Chinese, which is beneficial fr intrducing Chinese paintings.使用了分词和非限制性定语从句。另外First f all, Besides, Last but nt least的使用使文章富有条理性。此外,还使用了高级句式结构,如I wuld appreciate it if yu culd take my applicatin int cnsideratin条件状语从句。
意义阐述段:
①T begin with, _________ (第一个层面)Besides/Mrever/In additin, ________(第二个层面)As a result/Therefre, ________(总结句).
②Fr ne thing/First f all/Firstly, ________(第一个层面). Fr anther/Besides/Mrever/In additin/Secndly, ________(第二个层面).Thus/Finally, ________(总结句).
(答题时间:20分钟)
第一节 应用文写作
假定你是李华,经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件,内容包括:
1. 表示感谢;
2. 回顾Alex对你的帮助;
3. 临别祝愿。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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第二节 概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
When yu are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are imprtant, but reading can als be very helpful. When yu read, yu can nt nly learn sme new wrds, but als learn hw t use these English wrds. When yu read, it gives yu a gd example fr writing.
Read smething that yu can (mre r less) understand. If yu need t stp every three wrds t use a dictinary, it is nt interesting. Reading bks with a reasnable number f new wrds is very imprtant. If there are fur r five new wrds n a page, write them in yur ntebk. But yu dn’t have t write them while yu read. Instead, try t guess their meaning as yu read, and mark them with a pen. Then cme back when yu have finished reading t lk them up in a dictinary and write them in yur wn vcabulary bk. Then try t remember them.
Yu shuld develp a gd habit f reading. Fr example, read fr a shrt time nce a day. Fifteen minutes every day is better than tw hurs every Sunday. Fix (固定) a time t read and keep t it. Yu can read fr fifteen minutes when yu g t bed, r when yu get up r at lunchtime.
There are a variety f bks in the bkstre, s what kinds f bks shuld yu chse? Chse a bk r a magazine abut a subject that yu like, because yu are ging t spend time and mney reading it. S, chse an interesting bk. Yu can als read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China, fr example,21st Century Teens. It is easy enugh fr yu t understand. There is smething interesting in it.
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第一节 One pssible versin:
Dear Alex,
I’m srry t hear that yu are ging t return t yur cuntry very sn and I’m writing this email t express my gratitude fr yur help.
First f all, thank yu fr helping me learn English. Withut yur help, I wuld nt have made s great prgress in English-learning. Besides, what yu tld me abut yur cuntry bradened my hrizns and arused my interest in freign culture.
I wish yu all the best in the future and have a gd jurney.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节 One pssible versin:
Reading is an imprtant way t help yu learn English well. Here are a few tips n reading bks.(要点 1) Firstly, while reading bks at the right level, yu shuld try t increase the number f yur new wrds. (要点 2) Besides, it’s very imprtant fr yu t read regularly and frm a gd reading habit.(要点 3) Lastly, yu shuld chse the bks and newspapers that interest yu mst.(要点 4)
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