人教版（2019）选择性必修一巧记单词无压力（一）学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册本册综合精品学案，共13页。学案主要包含了词源小故事等内容，欢迎下载使用。


巧记单词无压力：只能接ding的动词和短语（上）
建议
suggest
He suggested having a picnic at the beach next Saturday.
advise
I’d advise taking a different apprach.
recmmend
I recmmend writing dwn yur feelings n paper.
【辨析】
advice：正式用语，主要用作咨询，是对相关领域熟悉并且深思熟虑后给出的建议。
Dn’t be afraid t ask fr advice abut rdering the meal.
recmmend：主要用于表示介绍和推荐。
We strngly recmmend reprting the incident t the plice.
suggest：侧重于指不具备商业化的条件和价值的建议。
I’m nt suggesting that is what is happening.
坚持
insist n
He insisted n walking me t the statin t see me ff.
keep
He kept saying the same thing ver and ver again.
keep n
He kept n making the same mistakes, which made my teacher annyed.
推迟
pstpne
Yu must nt pstpne answering his letter any lnger.
put ff
They will put ff ding it until next year.
delay
Please dn’t delay ding yur hmewrk.
【辨析】
1. delay 除表示推迟日期外，还可表示暂时阻挠或阻挡，因此有“耽搁”、“拖延”等意。
The heavy rain delayed my jurney.
2. pstpne和 put ff 主要用于延期，两者常可换用，只是后者较通俗和口语化；但是 put ff 有时以人作宾语，表示借辞推脱或搪塞某人、推迟或取消与某人的约会、使某人不高兴或反感、打扰某人、让某人下车等，此时不宜用 pstpne。
He tried t put me ff with mre prmises.
We’ve invited friends t dinner and it’s t late t put them ff nw.
Dn’t be put ff by the title－it’s a really gd bk.
Dn’t put me ff when I’m trying t cncentrate.
想象
imagine
I can’t imagine living withut water r electricity in Hummer.
fancy
Fancy having a hliday n the beach! Hw pleasant it will be!
dream f
I always dream f/abut starting my wn cmpany.
允许
permit
We dn’t permit talking ludly in the library.
allw
The pliceman wuldn’t allw parking in this street.
【辨析】
1. 使用语境不同
permit指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；
allw指消极地不加反对，含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。
The nurse allwed him t remain there，thugh it was nt permitted.
2. 被动式的不同
permit可用于带形式主语it的被动结构，但allw不行。
It is nt permitted t smke in the kitchen.
禁止
frbid
He frbids talking ludly in the classrm.
prhibit
Many firms prhibit smking in their shp.
prevent
Of curse I can’t prevent yur ging.
反对
ppse
I wuld certainly ppse changing the system.
be ppsed t
I’m ppsed t telling him the news at ne.
resist
The bank strngly resisted cutting interest rates.
放弃
quit
He quit smking and drinking early in his life.
give up
—Yu ught t give up smking.
—I gave it up last year.
【辨析】
1. 含义不同
give up放弃的是习惯，嗜好。
—Yu ught t give up smking.
—I gave it up last year.
quit放弃的是位置，地方，职务。强调脱离或摆脱那些控制或纠缠着人们或给人造成负担的事物。
Yu must quit smking. Mst imprtant f all, yu shuld start taking exercise.
2. 主被动性不同
在原因或动机上，give up可以是主动的、自愿的，也可以是被迫的、勉强的。
quit则是主动的、自愿的。
I’d had enugh, s I quit.
练习
practice
Yu need t practice speaking English every day.
避免
avid
Neighbrs shuld d all they can t avid disturbing ther peple.
逃避
escape
He narrwly escaped being hurt in the accident.
讨论
discuss
We discussed buying a secnd car.
【词源小故事】
dis-
来自拉丁语dis-，表示“分开，散开”，引申词义“离开，无，没有，缺乏，表相反等”。该前缀在字母g, l, m, r, s, v前缩写为di-；在字母f前同化为dif-。
冒险
risk
If yu live abrad fr sme time, yu risk lsing ld friends in yur hmeland.
主张
advcate
Many experts advcate rewarding the children fr their gd behaviur.
盼望
lk frward t
I’m lking frward t visiting the art gallery next week.
继续
carry n
If yu carry n wrking like that, yu’ll make yurself ill.
注意
pay attentin t
The plice shuld pay mre attentin t catching criminals.
忙于
be busy
I’m busy preparing fr the final examinatin.
巧记单词无压力：只能接ding的动词和短语（下）
着手
get dwn t
I always find it hard t get dwn t reviewing lessns.
settle dwn t
I must settle twn t finishing writing the bk.
喜欢
enjy
The children enjy mixing up the fruit and nuts in the cake.
adre
He adres ging t parties.
feel like
She really feels like having a talk with him abut his study at schl.
【辨析】like，lve和enjy的区别
1. enjy在意义上侧重于“享受某种乐趣”。
like意为“喜欢、喜爱”，是一般用语，主要是指对某人或某物产生好感或发生兴趣，不带有感情色彩。
lve表示“爱、热爱、爱戴”，有强烈的感情，相当于like very much，侧重于对祖国及较亲近的人的深厚感情。在口语中它往往又指一般的喜爱，这时与like的意思相近，可以互换。
Rss had always enjyed the cmpany f wmen
I’d like nthing better than t jin yu girls
I lve/like taking a lng walk in the mrning.
2. 后面所接词不同
enjy后接名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。enjy还可以与反身代词连用，即“enjy neself”，表示“玩得很高兴”（= have a gd time）。
like后面可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式作宾语。
lve后面也可以接名词、动名词或动词不定式。
Hw did yu enjy the cncert?
I like the way yu’ve had yur hair dne.
He lves t talk abut himself.
致力
be devted t
Her life was devted t caring fr the sick and needy.
apply neself t
He applied himself t learning English.
习惯
be used t
I’m nt used t eating s much at lunchtime.
be accustmed t
I’m nt accustmed t getting up s early.
【辨析】used t 与 be used t 的区别
1. be used t 意为“习惯于”，其中的 t 是介词，所以其后要接名词或动名词(不能接动词原形)。
He is used t lking after himself.
I’m sure I’ll get used t the hard wrk.
注：be used t 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”，其中的 t 为不定式符号，其后要接动词原形)。
A hammer is used t drive in nails.
2. used t 意为“过去经常”，其中的 t 是不定式符号，而不是介词，所以其后只接动词原形(不能接动名词)。
He used t live in Paris.
I used t get up early and take an hur’s walk befre breakfast.
原谅
excuse
We will never excuse cheating in examinatins.
frgive
Tim will never frgive swearing in his presence.
pardn
Pardn my/me asking, but is that yur classmate?
不能容忍
can’t tlerate
The schl cannt tlerate cheating n exams.
can’t stand
Mike can’t stand living with his parents.
完成
finish
I finished cleaning my bedrm a little while ag.
考虑
cnsider
I wuld be grateful if yu wuld cnsider emplying me in yur cmpany.
【词源小故事】
英语单词 cnsider源自古代的占星术。它源自拉丁语 cnsiderare，由cn(一道，集群)+ siderare(源自sidus/ sideris，星星)构成，字面意思就是“仔细观察群星”。由于观察星象后需要认真思索其中蕴含的吉凶信息，所以该词含乂逐渐演変为“研究，琢磨、思索、考虑”。
讨厌
dislike
I enjy learning English, but I dislike memrizing new wrds.
沉迷
be addicted t
Her sn is addicted t playing cmputer games.
理解
understand
I can’t understand him/ his behaving like that.
承认
admit (t)
She admitted making mistake.
Gerge wuld never admit t being wrng.
错过
miss
I dn’t want t miss seeing that film n televisin tnight.
提及
mentin
Tm mentined seeing yu the ther day.
突然
burst ut
I walked in and everyne burst ut laughing.
值得
be wrth
Gn pinins are wrth sticking t because they can benefit us all.
感谢
appreciate
We appreciate yur helping us.
包括
include
Yur duties include checking the pst and distributing it.
【词源小故事】
in-
来自拉丁语in-，表示“在内，进入，使……”。该拉丁语前缀进入古法语和西班牙语时拼写演变为en-，这些词进入英语后导致在现代英语里少数单词存在两种拼写形式，如insure, ensure，确保; inquire，enquire，查询。该前缀在字母b，m，p前拼写变体为im-；在字母l前拼写同化为il-；在字母r前拼写同化为ir-。
介意
mind
Wuld yu mind turning yur radi dwn a little, please?
适应
adjust t
I can’t adjust t living n my wn.
记忆小窍门：我得承认(admit)我不可避免(avid)地喜欢(enjy) 上你了。我真无法想象(imagine)，若不是火车推迟(put ff/ delay)了三分钟，我将错过(miss)你一辈子。就算你不喜欢(dislike)我，无法忍受(stand)我的怪僻，我也可以理解(understand)，不会介意(mind)。完了 (finish)，考虑(cnsider)一下我的建议。
(advise/suggest)吧，保持(keep)联系(pactise)。另：希望我未来的丈母娘能允许(allw/permit)
我们的交往。我会承担一切风险(risk),决不逃避(escape)。
（答题时间：40分钟）
单项选择
1. The headmaster wanted the new classrm building ________ as sn as pssible.
A. t put up B. t be put up
C. t have been put up D. being put up
2. At the shpping－centre, he didn’t knw what ________ and ________ with an empty bag.
A. t buy; leave B. t be bught
C. t buy; left D. was s buy; leave
3. The pliceman put dwn the phne, ________ with a smile n his face.
A. satisfied B. satisfying C. t be satisfied D. having satisfied
4. ________, yur cmpsitin is full f mistakes.
A. Writing carelessly B. Written carelessly
C. Having written carelessly D. Being written carelessly
5. She made a candle ________ us light.
A. give B. gave C. t give D. given
6. The stranger yu saw ________ with a big travelling－bag stayed in Rm 104 yesterday.
A. t cme in B. cme in C. has cme in D. wh came in
7. —What d yu suppse made her wrried?
—________ a gld ring.
A. Lse B. Lst C. Lsing D. Because f lsing
8. He felt a stne ________ his back.
A. hitting B. hit C. hitted D. t hit
9. I knw it’s nt imprtant, but I can’t help ________ abut it.
A. t think B. and think C. thinking D. being thught
10. ________ several times the yung scientist still kept n making his experiments.
A. Having been failed B. Having failed
C. Thugh failed D. Because f failure
11. In Australia, he made a lt f friends ________ a very practical knwledge f the English language.
A. get B. g get C. getting D. gt
12. ——What did yu mean by saying that?
——I mean n harm. I nly ________.
A. meant helping B. want t help C. meant f help D. want helping
13. I never expected the shes ________.
A. wearing ut B. t be wrn ut C. t have wrn ut D. being wrn ut
14. Yu must learn ________.
A. that yur time needs a wise use B. hw t make lest f yur time
C. t make wise use f yur time D. wise ways t use yur time
15. ________ is better ________ ne’s life than ________ ne’s spirit.
A. That; lst; yu lse B. It; t lse; lse
C. This; lsing; lsing D. It; t lse; t lse
16. Peter wanted his TV ________, but his wife wuld rather have it ________ ff.
A. fixed; thrwn B. t be fixed ; be thrwn
C. fixed ; thrwing D. fixing ; thrwing
17. ________ the news f his father’s death, he burst int tears.
A. After hearing B. On hearing C. Having heard D. While hearing
18. Mst f the artists ________ t the party were frm Suth Africa.
A. invited B. t invite C. being invited D. had been invited
19. Tm kept quiet abut the accident ________ lse his jb.
A. s nt as t B. s as nt t C. s as t nt D. nt s as t
20. She searched the tp f the hill and stpped ________ n a big rck by the side f the path.
A. t have rested B. resting C. t rest D. rest
21. Last summer I tk a curse n ________.
A. hw t make dress B. hw dress be made
C. hw t be made dress D. hw dress t be made
22. The secretary wrded late int the night, ________ a lng speech fr the president.
A. t prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
23. She’s upstairs ________ letters.
A. writes B. is writing C. write D. writing
24. The speaker raised his vice but still culdn’t make himself ________.
A. hear B. t hear C. hearing D. heard
25. The murderer was brught in , with his hands ________ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. t be tied D. tied
26. On Saturday afternn, Mr Green went t the market, ________ sme bananas and visited his cusin .
A. bught B. buying C. t buy D. buy
27. Jane was made ________ the truck fr a week as a punishment.
A. t wash B. washing C. wash D. t be washing
28. Mr Smith warned his daughter ________ after drinking.
A. never t drive B. t never drive C. never driving D. never drive
29. —The light in the ffice is still n.
—Oh, I frgt ________.
A. turning it ff B. turn it ff C. t turn it ff D. having turned it ff
30. I can hardly imagine Peter ________ acrss the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail B. t sail C. sailing D. t have sailed
1. B 解析：want 一词表示“打算，想要”，通常构成want t d与want sb. /sth. t d两种形式，因为building与put up之间逻辑上是被动关系，故want复合宾语中的不定式使用了被动式。该句的含义是“校长打算让这座新教学楼尽快建成”。
2. C 解析：注意该题中buy和leave不是两个并列动作，而是说“他在购物中的不知道该买什么，就带着空兜子离开了”。What t buy 作didn’t knw的宾语，left与didn’t knw并列。
3. A 解析：satisfy意为“满……，使……满意”，既然人作了主语则用它的过去分词形式作状语。该句的含义是“警察放下了电话，脸上露出满意的笑容”。
4. B 解析：该句主语yur cmpsitin是write这一动作的承受者，故write应用过去分词。该句的含义为“因为写的太粗心了，你的作文到处是错误”。该句中过去分词短语作状语，相当于Yur cmpsitin is full f mistakes because it is written carelessly.
5. C 解析：不定式t give us light作目的状语。该句的含义是“她做了一个蜡烛来照明”。
6. B 解析：略
7. C 解析：该题的前者问“你认为什么使他着急?”该题的答句是个省略句，这部分应在句中充当主语，故用名词或动名词。该句的完整形式是：Lsing a gld ring made her wrried（丢失一枚金戒子使她着急），故C为正确答案。
8. B 解析：该句中feel后面接的是一个宾语从句。hit应使用一般过去时，又因为hit过去式与原形相同，故B为正确答案。该句的含义是“他感到有块石头打在他后背上”。
9. C 解析：can’t help ding sth. 意为“忍不住，禁不住做某事”。该句的含义为“我知道这并不重要，但我忍不住总去想它”。
10. B 解析：略
11. B 解析：该句的含义是“在澳大利亚他交了许多朋友，学到了英语语言的实用知识”。不定式t get a very practical knwledge f the English language在该句中作结果状语。
12. C 解析：高中学生应该知道mean的两个常见词义。该题问句中的mean表示“意思……，含……意思”，后面要接名词或动名词，答句中的mean表示“意欲，意指，企图”，后面要接不定式。该句的含义是“你那么说什么意思?”“我没有什么恶意，我只是想帮忙”。
13. B 解析：expect意为“预料，想到”，常形成expect sb./sth.t d结构，因为shes与wear ur为被动关系，所以作为宾语补足语的不定式要用被动形式。该句的含义是“我没想到这双鞋会穿破”。
14. C 解析：learn t d sth. 意为“学会做某事”。该句的含义为“你必须学会聪明地利用时间”。make use f 意为“利用，使用”。
15. D 解析：该句中it 作形式主语，t lse ne’s life不仅作it的真正主语，而且与t lse ne’s spirit并列。该句的含义是“一个人失去生命总比失去灵魂强”。
16. A 解析：略
17. B 解析：On hearing the news f his father’s death…意为As sn as he heard the news f his father’s death...。该题也可以用现在分词的一般式hearing作状语，但不可以用现在分词的完成式（C项），因为“他突然哭了”这一动作与“听到爸爸去世”这一动作几乎是同时发生的。
18. A 解析：句中的Mst f the artists与invite之间为被动关系，而且表示的是完成的动作，所以答案应选择A。句子的意思是：“应邀参加晚会的大多数艺术家均来自于南非。过去分词invited在句子中作定语，其作用相当于Mst f the artists that were invited t the party were frm Suth Africa.
19. B 解析：s as t 相当于in rder t，它的否定式应放在不定式t之前。注意：s as t 不用于句首。
20. C 解析：stp t d sth. ＝stp and d sth.是停下来正在做的事而去做另一件事。stp ding是停止做某事。
21. A 解析：疑问词hw加不定式，可作介词的宾语。
22. B 解析：用现在分词作伴随状语。A项是不定式，可以做目的状语，但目的状语前不用逗号。C、D项属语法错误。
23. D 解析：略
24. D 解析：make neself dne是惯用法。在本句中的意思是：“使自己的声音被别人听到。”
25. D 解析：在with 结构中，hands与tie之间的关系是被动关系，故排除B项。tied不仅表示被动，还表示动作已完成，故排除A、C项。
26. A 解析：略
27. A 解析：make sb. d这一句型变成被动语态时为：be made t d sth.
28. A 解析：warn sb. nt（never） t d sth.是惯用法。
29. C 解析：frget t d sth. 是“忘记去做某事”。frget与remember的用法类似。
30. C 解析：imagine后接动名词作宾语。Peter是sailing的逻辑主语，也可写成Peter’s，它们合起来称为动名词的复合结构。