人教新目标九年级寒假英语专题08 阅读理解之细节题，释义题

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阅读理解主要考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。针对不同的考查方式， 我们可运用不同的解题技巧答题








一．细节理解





解题技巧 1 搜寻直接答案





关键词定位法。根据题干的关键信息，在文章中寻找相关的语句，与题干核对信息，得出答案。 例子 1


Over three weekends f hard wrk, Sally turned her design int a real, wrking g­kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her t take it fr a test drive. Sally agreed.


What did Sally’s dad ask her t d after she built the g­kart？





T have a test drive.





T take a gd rest.





T give it a cl name.





T paint it light blue.





题干意为：萨莉制造了卡丁车后，她爸爸让她做什么？根据题干中的关键词“dad ask her t”定位到文章中倒数第二句“Dad asked her t take it fr a test drive.”可知爸爸要求她去试驾。故选 A。





解题技巧 2 搜寻间接答案





转换相关语句法。根据题干的关键词，在文章中寻找相关段落与句子，并转换为选项中的表述，核对选项 的意义与文章的意义是否一致。


例子 2





Firstly, since we knw that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expse urselves t as many new experiences as pssible. We can give urselves new challenges, meet new peple, and expse ur minds t new infrmatin, hbbies and skills. This will increase the amunt f infrmatin ur minds prcess and expand(增加) ur experience f time.


Accrding t the writer, we can expand ur experience f time by .





ging t bed n time





traveling t new places





having dinner as usual


printing the same materials





题干意为：根据作者所说，我们可以通过 来增加我们对时间的体验。根据第一、二句中的“ can expse urselves t as many new experiences as pssible. We can give urselves new challenges, meet new peple, and expse ur minds t new infrmatin...” 及最后一句“This will increase the amunt f infrmatin ur minds prcess and expand(增加) ur experience f time.”可知接触新的事物可以增加我们对时间的体验， 选项中只有 B 项“去新的地方旅行”属于新事物。故选 B。





二．词义(组)猜测





此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇均为生难词汇或俗语谚语，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、 短语或句子意思的技巧，并积累常见的俗语谚语。常见的设问方式如下：


常见设问方式





What des the wrd “...” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean？ The wrd(s) “...” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean(s)“ ”.


What des the expressin “...” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean？ The underlined part “...” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”.








解题技巧 1 根据上下文语境猜测词义





例子 3


In a new civilizatin rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access t smart memry netwrks where infrmatin is stred. But dependency n a netwrk suggests pssibilities f being harmed easily. The cllapse f any f the netwrks f relatins ur well­being( 健 康 )depends upn, such as fd and energy, wuld prduce terrible results. Withut fd we get hungry；


withut energy we feel cld. And it is thrugh widespread lss f memry that civilizatins are at risk f falling int a dark age.


The wrd “cllapse” in Paragraph 5 prbably means “ ”.





a sudden failure





the basic rule





a disappinting start





the gradual develpment





题干意为：第五段中的单词“cllapse”的意思可能是“ ”。划线单词前一句说到“依赖网络可能会更容易受到伤害。”划线所在句子说到“任何与我们健康有关的网络的 ，像食物和能源，都会产生坏的结


果。”根据这两句可推测应是网络的“崩溃”会给我们产生坏的结果。结合选项可知 A 项与“崩溃”意思最相近。故选 A。





解题技巧 2 通过同义词或同义关系猜测词义





在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下， 我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉的词语的含义。


通过同义词猜词，一是要看由 and 或 r 连接的同义词词组，如 happy and gay，即使我们不认识 gay 这个词， 也可以知道它是“愉快的”的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。


例子 4





Accrding t Dr. Casey frm Crnell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisins n their wn and in situatins where they have time t think. Hwever， when they make decisins in the heat f the mment r in scial situatins, their decisins are ften influenced by factrs like peers. In a recent study, teen vlunteers played a vide driving game, either alne r with friends watching.


The researchers discvered that the number f risks teens tk mre than dubled when their friends were watching, cmpared with when they played alne. This shws that teens may find it mre difficult t cntrl risky behavir when their friends are arund, r in situatins where they are extremely angry.


The wrds “in the heat f the mment” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean “ ”.





when teens avid pssible risks





when teens trust their judgement





when teens lse cntrl ver their anger





when teens give cnsideratin t situatins





题干意为：第四段中词组“in the heat f the mment”的意思可能是“ ”。根据下一段的内容“This shws that teens may find it mre difficult t cntrl risky behavir when their friends are arund, r in situatins where they are extremely angry.” 可知划线短语所在的句子中“in scial situatins” 指的是“when their friends are arund”，而“in the heat f the mment”指的是“in situatins where they are extremely angry”，所以可判断该短语的意思是“他们不能控制自已的怒火”。故选 C。





解题技巧 3 通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义





有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或两类人，使用了一些反义词或表达反义关系的词语来进行对比，我们可 以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。


通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but, while，hwever 等；二是看与 nt 搭配的或


表示否定意义的词语。例子 5


Flwers blm( 开 花 ) nly if they are planted in rich sil( 土 壤 ). We are similarly influenced by ur envirnment. When ur envirnment is bad, we may get sick physically r mentally. When ur envirnment is supprtive, we are mre likely t thrive.


The wrd “thrive” in Paragraph 1 prbably means “ ”.





develp and grwB. judge and warn





C. mind and careD. fail and fear





题干意为：第一段中的单词“thrive”的意思可能是“ ”。根据前一句的内容“When ur envirnment is bad， we may get sick physically r mentally.” 可知两句之间表达的意思相对。划线词对应前句中的“get sick physically r mentally”，与其相反的意思应该是健康生长、发展。故选 A。





解题技巧 4 通过定义或释义关系猜测词义





定义或解释形式多样，常由 that is (t say), in ther wrds, call, mean, be cnsidered t, refer t, be called, be knwn as, define, represent, signify 等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念，难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。


例子 6


Yu can benefit a lt frm yur dream ， but d yu knw the behavir that is necessary t fulfill yur dream？ Yu have a dream and yu truthfully want gd grades. Hwever, yu can’t help playing n the smart phne and let g yur hmewrk. Or yu rush thrugh it s that yu can get back t the smart phne. This is the case when the present­desire t play n yur smart phne beats the will t reach the future gal, which is called immediate gratificatin.


If yu always behave like this, yu may lse the chance t meet with yur dream.





The expressin “immediate gratificatin” in Paragraph 5 prbably means “ ”.


enjying pleasures here and nw





fllwing dreams withut delay





becming creative in a flash





aviding failure all the time





题干意为：第五段中短语“immediate gratificatin”的意思可能是“ ”。划线短语所在的句子中“is called”


前面即是对“immediate gratificatin”的解释，即“现在玩手机的欲望打败了达到将来目标的信念”。可知“immediate gratificatin”的意思应是当下的满足，A 项符合。故选 A。





解题技巧 5.通过举例猜测词义





恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。比如根据 such as, fr example, like 等词的前后，或者是破折号的前后内容猜测出划线词的意思。


例子 7





S, is it the same as recycling？ N. Recycling takes materials paper r glass and breaks them dwn s their base materials can be remade int a new prduct. When yu upcycle an item (物品), yu are nt breaking dwn the material, yu are simply refashining it. Fr example, yu might make shes ut f ld tyres. Als, the upcycled item is typically f the same, r even better， quality (质量) than the riginal.


The underlined wrd “refashining” in Paragraph 2 prbably means “ ”.





giving a new frm





giving a simple name





making a perfect cpy





making a different mdel





题干意为：第二段中划线单词“refashining”的意思是“ ”。根据下文“Fr example, yu might make shes ut f ld tyres.”可知你可以用旧轮胎做鞋，可以推测这只是形式上的改变。故选 A。


随堂练习


一





Michael wanted t make sme mney t buy a new cmputer game, but he did nt knw hw, s he went t ask his brther Greg fr help.


“I think yu culd help t wash Mm’s and Dad’s cars,” Greg said. “Sme f the neighbrs wuld pay yu t wash theirs, t. It’s getting clder and n ne wants t wash the cars themselves.”


Michael agreed, but he shivered(哆嗦)at the thught f washing cars and getting wet in cld weather.“Maybe





this isn’t a gd idea.”





“Dn’t wrry,” Greg said.“I have sme glf(高尔夫)glves(手套). Yu can use them t wash cars, and I will even help yu t wash the cars.”“Thank yu!” Michael said.


After spending the day washing cars, Michael gt enugh mney and went t the stre with Greg. He fund the game he wanted quickly, but as he tk it ff the shelf he saw a glf vide game next t it. He knew Greg lved glf and wuldn’t play glf in winter, s he put his game back and decided t buy the glf vide game.


“What are yu ding?”Greg asked.“I thught this game wuld be mre fun,” said Michael. “We can play it tgether.”


Fr what purpse did Michael want t make mney? A.T help supprt his family.


T buy a gift fr his Mm.





T buy a new cmputer game.





T buy sme glf glves.





Hw culd Michael make mney in Greg’s pinin? A.By asking Mm fr a little.


By washing cars fr thers.





By washing their father’s car.





By designing a cmputer game.





Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage? A.Michael enjyed playing with cld water.


B.Michael asked his brther t buy a glf vide game. C.Michael bught a glf vide game fr his brther and himself. D.Michael had difficulty finding the cmputer game he wanted. 4.What’s the passage mainly abut?


A.Michael’s childhd. B.Michael and his neighbrs. C.Hw Michael made mney.


D.Hw Michael and Greg helped each ther.





二





Let me tell yu abut a yung by wh made a mdel car all n his wn. The by is me, six years ag when I was just 11.The car was small and simple, but in my imaginatin it was a high­speed racing car, speeding alng the race rad.


It was during the schl summer hlidays and wrkmen were building a new driveway and garage( 车 库 )





beside ur huse. It meant t add smething new t ur hme. When I watched the wrkmen, I came up with an idea—I wuld build a car t drive int the garage in celebratin f it. I tld my mther and began with my plans. But I culdn’t find the right things fr making the car, s I gave up and sadly spent several days ding nthing. My mther nticed that I had stpped wrking and asked me why. I explained and she suggested that maybe I


shuld change my plan t fit the things I had, rather than give up.





And that’s just what I did. I fund small pieces f wd in my father’s wrkshp and made my car frm anything that was lying arund the huse. When I fund a small engine(发动机) frm ne f my ld mdel planes, I added that. The pwer came frm a battery (电池) I fund in a bx.


By the time the garage was finished, s was my car. I called my family tgether utside the huse, started the engine and put the car n the driveway. It was fast and I had t run t the garage t prevent it frm hitting the new dr. My family began t cheer and I smiled prudly. Thanks t my mther I learned the value f cntinuing t d things, especially smething difficult. Sn I was making plans fr my next prject: a rbt!


The writer was when he made the mdel car.





A.a studentB.a driver





C.a wrkmanD.an engineer





The writer making the first planned car. A.gave upB.felt excited abut C.was very busyD.spent several days 3.T help the writer, his mther .


A.explained the plan t him B.brught him t the wrkshp


C.gave him sme suggestins





D.fund him sme pieces f wd





4.By the time the car was finished, . A.the writer thanked his father


the family was called tgether





the writer put it int the huse





the family began a new prject 5.What did the writer mainly tell us? A.Keep n ding things t the end.


Think hard befre ding smething.





Always ask fr help when in truble.





Try the best t find the right things t d.





三





A dctr entered the hspital hurriedly after being called in fr an imprtant surgery( 外科手术). He fund


the by’s father in the hall waiting wrriedly.





On seeing him, the father cried ut, “Why did yu take all this time t cme? Dn’t yu knw that my sn is in danger? Dn’t yu have any sense f duty?”


The dctr smiled and said,“I am srry. I wasn’t in the hspital and I came as fast as I culd after receiving the call and nw, I wish yu’d calm dwn s that I can d my wrk.”


“Calm dwn?! What if yur sn was in this rm right nw? Wuld yu calm dwn?If yur wn sn dies while waiting fr a dctr, then what will yu d?”said the father angrily. The dctr smiled again and replied,“We will d ur best and yu shuld als pray(祈祷) fr yur sn’s healthy life.”


The surgery tk sme hurs after which the dctr went ut happily,“Thank gdness! Yur sn is





saved!”And withut waiting fr the father’s reply he carried n running, saying,“If yu have any questins, ask the nurse.”


“Culdn’t he wait sme minutes s that I can ask abut my sn’s state?”shuted the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the dctr left.


The nurse answered, tears cming dwn her face. “His sn died yesterday in a rad accident. He was at the burial(葬礼) when we called him fr yur sn’s surgery. And nw that he saved yur sn’s life, he left running t finish his sn’s burial.”


What did the dctr d after he received the call fr the surgery? A.He asked anther dctr t d his duty.


He went t the hspital as sn as pssible.





He discussed the by’s state with the father.





He waited until his sn’s burial was finished.





The father shuted at the dctr because he thught . A.he had waited t lng


n ne cared fr his sn





the dctr was cld t him





the surgery tk a lng time





Wh tld the truth t the father in the end? A.The dctr.B.The nurse.


C.His sn.D.A patient.





Hw might the father feel after he knew the truth? A.Angry.B.Excited.


C.Srry.D.Dubtful. 5.What is the best title fr the text?


A.Seeing is believingB.Time waits fr n man C.Practice makes perfectD.Think befre yu decide


四





American cuntry music is als knwn as(被称为)cuntry western music.It has a very lng histry.It cmes frm the flk sngs f immigrants(移民)frm Britain.


Cuntry music uses simple music and wrds t express everyday feelings such as lneliness,lve,and sadness.That is t say,cuntry music describes life.It talks abut friends and enemies,trucks and rads,farms and crps.Peple in many parts f the wrld like cuntry music,because everyne can understand what the music is abut.


Cuntry western music became ppular first amng cwbys( 牛 仔 )in the American west





cuntryside.Cwbys had t take care f cws day and night.When they were alne with the cws,they ften sang beautiful and peaceful sngs t calm the animals and t vercme their wn fear.They were nt well­educated and s they sang abut their daily life in very simple wrds.They played the guitar, the vilin,and ther instruments.In the suth f America,many peple added instruments frm their hmes,like bttles and spns.When cwbys visited their friends and families n hlidays like Thanksgiving,they usually sang and played cuntry western music.


In recent years,many musicians have made cuntry western music a little different frm the ne in the past.These changes make the sngs sund even better.Tday singers such as Carth Brks,Reba McEntire,Emmylu Harris,Lyle Lvett,Eddie Rabbitt,LeAnn Rimes,Randy Travis,and a grup called Alabama are singing and playing in different styles.They have brught cuntry western music mre and mre fans frm all ver the wrld.


Cuntry western music cmes frm the flk sngs f immigrants frm . A.AmericaB.France


C.BritainD.Germany





Accrding t the passage,peple like American cuntry music because . A.it has a lng histry


it cmes frm Eurpe





it is sung by cwbys





it is easy t understand


The chunk“calm the animals”here means“make the animals becme ”. A.sad and lnely


quiet and relaxed





angry and wild





upset and scared





Which f these is mentined in the passage? A.Early immigrants lived a very simple life.


Many cuntry music singers are nt well­educated.





Cwbys usually played cuntry western music n hlidays.





In the west f America,cwbys added instruments frm their hmes. 5.The best title(标题)fr the passage is .


Americans Lve American Cuntry Music





The Histry f American Cuntry Music C.Singers and Fans f American Cuntry Music


D.All Kinds f American Music,Yesterday and Tday





五





In the state f Qin( 秦国), there was a man called Shang Yang( 商鞅). He was a statesman( 政治家) and wrked ut many refrms(改革)fr the state, like paying mre attentin t farming and giving rewards(报酬)t sldiers wh were successful when at war.


But these refrms were nt easily carried ut(执行)at first. Mst peple didn’t trust Shang Yang. In rder t slve this prblem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He put a thin wden ple at the suth gate f the Qin capital. Many peple came t see him and the ple.


Then, in frnt f the crwd, Shang Yang said ludly, “The man wh takes this ple t the nrth gate will get 10 gld pieces.”


It was a simple jb and the reward was s large. Hwever, sme time passed and n ne stepped frward.





They all thught Shang Yang was making a jke.





Hearing n answer, Shang Yang stepped frward and said, “The reward nw ges t 50 gld pieces.”





This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man frm the crwd came frward. He put the ple n his


shulders and walked t the nrth gate. True t his wrd, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gld pieces.





After that, the peple f Qin were all talking abut what Shang Yang did abut the ple. They believed he was a man f his wrd. S when Shang Yang began carrying ut his refrms, the peple fllwed him.


Under these great refrms, Qin grew strnger and strnger. At last, Qin made all the seven states int ne empire(帝国).


What did Shang Yang d?





A.A statesman.B.A king.





C.An emperr.D.A sldier.





In rder t carry ut his refrms, what idea did Shang Yang have? A.Having a wden ple carrying cmpetitin.


Having a wden ple cutting cmpetitin.





The man stepping frward first wuld be praised.





The man carrying the ple frm the suth gate t the nrth ne wuld get sme gld pieces. 3.Why did Shang Yang’s reward increase at last?


Because a man stepped frward.





Because there wasn’t enugh time.





Because Shang Yang heard n answer.





Because Shang Yang was happy.





“They believed he was a man f his wrd.” What des the underlined part mean?





A.A man wh can speak ludly.





B.A man wh likes t speak a lt.





C.A man wh keeps his wrd.





D.A man f few wrds.





After these great refrms, what happened in the histry f China? A.Shang Yang became the first emperr.


The first empire f China appeared.





The suth gate fell dwn.





The state f Qin became weaker and weaker.





六








Yu must think a cmputer is the best thing in the wrld, right? Yu must think it wrks at a super speed and can d everything? Well, it’s nt! In fact, the brain is much mre pwerful than any super cmputer! Think abut when a glass is just abut t fall ff the table. Yur brain cntrls everything that yu need t d t save that glass frm falling. First yur eyes check ut what’s ging n, then tell yur brain, and yur brain decides hw quickly yu need t react(反应), and then yur muscles(肌肉) g int actin. That is just frm yur brain. N cmputer


culd ever cme clse t that!


The brain weighs just 3 punds, but it cntrls everything yu d frm thinking, learning, feeling even t breathing and yur heart beating. Even thugh the brain is just 2% f yur bdy weight, it uses arund 20% f all yur energy in yur bdy. That is a lt fr such a small rgan( 器 官 ). There are abut 100 billin tiny, tiny little cells(细胞) in yur brain. There are s many that it wuld take yu ver 3,000 years t cunt them all!


Yur brain stps grwing when yu’re 18, but it actually keeps n develping and learning new things. S yur parents are really super smart! Yu wn’t be able t fl them! Believe it r nt, yur brain NEVER stps wrking. Even during sleeping, the brain wrks fr lng­term memry establishment(建立). It is realized that the brain is the secnd rgan in the bdy like the heart that never stps during human lives.


S everyne shuld be prud f such a gift f nature.





In Paragraph 1, the writer wants t tell us . A.eyes and muscles react quickly


the brain cntrls everything in yur bdy





the cmputer is the best thing in the wrld





the brain is mre pwerful than any cmputer





In Paragraph 2, the underlined wrd “That” refers t(指的是) . A.the bdy weight


2% f the bdy weight





all energy in the bdy





arund 20% f the energy in the bdy 3.Which is RIGHT accrding t the passage? A.The brain desn’t wrk during sleeping.


The brain is the nly rgan that never stps.





The brain keeps grwing during human lives.





The brain keeps n develping during human lives.





4.Which wrd can best describe the brain accrding t the passage? A.Magic.B.Quick.C.Light.D.Develping. 5.In which magazine can the passage be fund mst prbably?


A.Business WeeklyB.Medicine





C.ScienceD.Sprts





七





Meiyu, brn in 1991, is frm Turkey( 土耳其). She is the yungest child f her family. After high schl, many peple learned English r Japanese, but Meiyu decided t learn Chinese in university. She learned Chinese fr fur years in Ankara University in Turkey, and gt her name Meiyu there.


Meiyu fell in lve with Chinese after ging t university. She became mre interested after she knew mre abut Chinese histry. In the beginning many peple did nt understand her decisin. But they all said Meiyu had made a right chice when she graduated frm university in 2013. Since then, mre Chinese have been visiting Turkey. The trade between the tw cuntries als requires Chinese­speaking peple. “Speaking Chinese means mre jb pprtunities,”said Meiyu.


Nw Meiyu has been in Wuhan, China fr abut tw years. Besides ging n studying Chinese, she shws great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, s she spends her free time n kung fu training with her caches. Nt nly can kung fu help imprve her health, but she is als fascinated by the histry and culture behind it. Meiyu said,“The mre I knw abut China, the luckier I feel t have been here. But the truth is that fun and pain g tgether in the prcess f learning.”


Meiyu will graduate in June this year. Her friends want her t stay in China, but her parents hpe she can cme back hme. Meiyu thinks it is difficult t decide. “Even if I g back t Turkey, I will chse Chinese language educatin as my jb,”said Meiyu.


根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。





Where did Meiyu learn Chinese fr fur years? A.In China.B.In Turkey.


C.In India.D.In Australia.





What’s prbably the meaning f the wrd“pprtunities”in this passage? A.观点B.顺序


C.机会D.组织





Why des Meiyu spend her free time n kung fu training with her caches? A.Because she is interested in kung fu.


Because she has t learn kung fu t graduate.





Because she wants t teach kung fu in Turkey.





Because she wants t take part in kung fu cmpetitins.





Wh wants Meiyu t cme back hme after her graduatin in June? A.Her parents.B.Her friends.


C.Her relatives.D.Her classmates. 5.What can yu learn frm the passage?


Meiyu lst curage when she was in Wuhan.





Chinese culture has greatly influenced Meiyu.





It’s easy fr Meiyu t chse whether t stay in China r nt.





Many peple didn’t accept Meiyu’s decisin n educatin in 2013.