统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练二十词义猜测题_猜测指代类含解析新人教版20201209271

展开

这是一份统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练二十词义猜测题_猜测指代类含解析新人教版20201209271，共5页。
[2020·广州市综合检测二] Special bxes lie at the bttm f my lcked filing cabinet. Depsited there are imprtant letters and cards cllected thrughut my life, frm my grandparents, schl friends, parents, wife and sn. Since the inventin f email thugh, they've been few and far between.
Tnight is New Year's Eve 2029 and there's a very special bx f letters I want t lk at. But first there's smething I have t d—The Ritual (惯例)．
I g t my trusted cmputer and start. I begin t type: Dear—I leave the name blank fr nw, anticipating the thrill f typing it in. “I hpe yu are well and I wnder what yur life is like. Are yu still planning t mve t that villa in Prtugal? Did yur sn marry Fina? Is yur mther still alive？” Questins surge int my mind.
Fr the next tw hurs I sit writing—abut what I've been ding fr the last year, my failing health, my increasing wealth and my smetime difficult marriage; then abut my gals and ambitins. Will he be interested? D I climb Mt. Kilimanjar? D I get that nvel published? The ne that's been rejected mre times than I care t think abut.
Finally, it's finished at 11：30 pm. I fill in the recipient's name, print my letter, sign and address it and then seal it up with tape. I then delete the dcument and empty the trash flder—t avid the pssibility f temptatin. That cmpletes the ritual!
I walk ver t my “special bx”. It cntains ten lng, white, thick envelpes, all with the same handwriting. I place the ne I have just written in at the back and take the ne ut at the frnt. It's dated 2019, and labelled “t be pened n 31st December, 2029” .
The cycle is finally cmplete! I pen it, trembling with anticipatin. I begin t read, tearing up a little as I d s. Thrughut the last ten lng, eventful years, f life, death, jy and heartbreak, it has been waiting patiently in this bx fr me, thugh I nw have n memry f ever having written it.
1. Why des the authr receive fewer “imprtant letters” these days?
A．He has mved frm his riginal address.
B．He is rarely in cntact with his friends and family.
C．Peple cmmunicate with each ther less ften than befre.
D．Electrnic cmmunicatin has largely replaced physical letters.
2．Wh des the underlined wrd “he”in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The authr himself.
B．The authr's sn.
C．The authr's schl friend.
D．The authr's bk publisher.
3．Why des the authr delete the cmpleted letter frm his cmputer?
A．S that n ne else will be able t read it.
B．S that he wn't read it ahead f schedule.
C．Because he decides at last nt t send it.
D．Because he wants t frget what has happened.
4．Hw des the authr feel as he is abut t pen his special letter?
A．Relieved. B．Mved.
C．Excited. D．Afraid.
B
[2020·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测]Sharn Okpe has lived her entire 17 years in Makk, knwn as the wrld's largest “flating slum(贫民窟)” ，built n a lake in Lags, Nigeria. Okpe's father is a fisherman, and her mther sells smked fish.
As many as twthirds f the city's 21 millin residents live in slums. “Mst girls are trapped in a terrible cycle f pverty. Many f them are nt thinking f educatin, a plan fr the future，” Abisye AjayiAkinflarin, a cmputer prgrammer in Lags, recalled. But several times a week, girls like Okpe get a glimpse f anther wrld when they attend GirlsCding, a free prgram run by the Pearls Africa Fundatin that seeks t educate and excite girls abut cmputer prgramming. Since 2012, the grup has helped mre than 400 disadvantaged girls gain the technical skills and cnfidence they need t transfrm their lives.
It's the visin f AjayiAkinflarin, wh left a successful career t devte herself t this wrk. She'd nticed hw few wmen wrked in this grwing field—a 2013 gvernment survey fund that less than 8% f Nigerian wmen were emplyed in technlgy jbs. She wanted t fix the gender gap. “Technlgy is a space that's dminated by men. Why shuld we leave that t guys？” she said. “I believe girls need pprtunities.”
Nw, dzens f girls aged 10 t 17 get trained in cmputer prgramming technlgy. “I believe yu can still find diamnds in these places，” AjayiAkinflarin said. “They need t be shwn anther life.” One way her prgram des this is by taking the students t visit technlgy cmpanies—nt nly shwing them what technlgy can d, but als helping them visualize themselves jining the industry.
Okpe, fr ne, has taken this t heart. She helped create an app called Makk Fresh, enabling fishermen like her father t sell seafd directly t custmers. She even wants t becme a sftware engineer and hpes t study cmputer science at Harvard.“One thing I want my girls t hld nt is that, regardless f where they are cming frm, they can make it，” Ajayi said. “They are cders. They are thinkers. Their future is bright.”
5．What can we learn abut GirlsCding?
A．It encurages girls t land a jb in educatin.
B．It ffers Nigerian girls in need parttime jbs.
C．It helps girls wrking in Lags t fight pverty.
D．It teaches girls in Makk cmputer prgramming.
6．What did AjayiAkinflarin think abut the grwing field in Paragraph 3 ?
A．Men culd d far better in technlgy jbs.
B．Girls shuld get equal wrk pprtunities.
C．Men nrmally gt paid mre than wmen.
D．Girls tended t devte themselves t wrk.
7．What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Rebuilding the girls' cnfidence.
B．Training the girls t find diamnds.
C．Presenting a different life t the girls.
D．Taking the girls t technlgy cmpanies.
8．What can we infer abut Okpe frm the last paragraph?
A．She gt fishermen t benefit frm her app.
B．She was admitted t Harvard University.
C．She tk her father's suggestin t heart.
D．She made sme changes t cmputer science.
C
[2020·青岛市高三统一质量检测]In life, nce n a path, we tend t fllw it, fr better r wrse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter, we ften accept it anyway because we are s used t the way things are that we dn't even recgnize that they culd be different. This is a phenmenn psychlgists call functinal fixedness.
This classic experiment will give yu an idea f hw it wrks and a sense f whether yu may have fallen int the same trap：
Peple are given a bx f tacks (大头钉) and sme matches and asked t find a way t attach a candle t a wall s that it burns prperly. Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle t the wall r lighting it t fix it with melted wax. The psychlgists had, f curse，arranged it s that neither f these bvius appraches wuld wrk. The tacks are t shrt, and the paraffin (石蜡) desn't stick t the wall. S hw can yu cmplete the task? The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candle hlder. Yu empty it, tack it t the wall, and stand the candle inside it. T think f that, yu have t lk beynd the bx's usual rle as a receptacle just fr tacks and reimagine it serving an entirely new purpse. That is difficult because we all suffer t ne degree r anther frm functinal fixedness.
The inability t think in new ways affects peple in every crner f sciety. The plitical therist Hannah Arendt cined the phrase “frzen thughts” t describe deeply held ideas that we n lnger questin but shuld. In Arendt's eyes, the selfcntent reliance n such accepted “truths” als made peple blind t ideas that didn't fit their wrld view, even when there was plenty f evidence fr them.
Frzen thinking has nthing t d with intelligence, she said. “It can be fund in highly intelligent peple.”
9．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The experiment. B．Functinal fixedness.
C．The path. D．The thinking.
10．Which way is hard t think f t cmplete the task?
A．Tacking the candle t the wall.
B．Fixing the candle with melted wax.
C．Using the tack bx as a candle hlder.
D．Lighting the candle t stand it.
11．Which f the fllwing statements will Hannah Arendt agree with?
A．Peple shuld questin.
B．We shuld be used t the way things are.
C．Peple shuldn't accept the idea that desn't fit their wrld view.
D．The smarter peple are, the mre pen they are t the new things.
12．What's the passage mainly abut?
A．An interesting experiment.
B．A psychlgical phenmenn.
C．A thery t be prved.
D．The pinin f Hannah Arendt.
专题能力提升练二十词义猜测题
——猜测指代类A
语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——生活——写给未来的自己的信
[文章大意] 在2029年的除夕，在阅读自己2019年写给自己的信之前，“我”必须给未来的自己再写一封信。在信中，“我”写到了健康、财富、婚姻等，写完后，“我”阅读了2019年写给自己的信……
1．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“Since the inventin f email thugh，they've been few and far between”可知，由于电子邮件的发明，作者收到的信件少了，故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：A 考查代词指代。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“thugh I nw have n memry f ever having written it”可推知，作者是在给未来的自己写信，该句中的he指作者自己，故A项正确。
3．答案与解析： B 考查推理判断。根据第五段第三句“I then delete the dcument and empty the trash flder—t avid the pssibility f temptatin”可知，作者删除了文件并清空了垃圾文件夹以避免可能的诱惑；结合下文中作者阅读2019年写给自己的信可以推断，作者删除文件是为了防止自己禁不住诱惑提前阅读信件，故B项正确。
4．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“I pen it，trembling with anticipatin”可知，作者在打开信时，因为期待而颤抖。由此可推知，作者在打开信时内心很激动，故C项正确。
B
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——公益事业——为贫困区女孩提供技术培训
[文章大意] 文章介绍了为尼日利亚Makk地区贫困女孩提供计算机编程培训的GirlsCding项目的目的以及影响等。
5．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But several times a week，girls like Okpe get a glimpse f antber wrld when they attend GirlsCding，a free seeks t educate and excite girls abut cmputer prgramming”可知，GirlsCding是一个免费的项目，它旨在教育女孩们关于计算机编程的知识和激发女孩们对计算机编程的兴趣。由此可知，GirlsCding教生活在Makk地区的女孩们有关计算机编程的知识，故选D。
6．答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She wanted t fix the gender gap”以及“I believe girls need pprtunities”可知，AjayiAkinflarin认为，女孩们在这个领域应该获得与男性同等的工作机会。故选B。
7．答案与解析：C 考查代词指代。根据画线词上句“They need t be shwn anther life”并结合语境可知，“this”在这里指代上句的内容，即向女孩们展现另一种生活。故选C。
8．答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“She helped create an app called Makk Fresh，enabling fishermen like her father t sell seafd directly t custmers”可知，Okpe帮助开发了一款名为Makk Fresh的应用程序，让像她父亲一样的渔民可以直接向顾客出售海鲜。由此可以推断出，Okpe让渔民从她开发的应用程序中获益。故选A。
C
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——思考问题——固化思维给人们带来的影响
[文章大意] 生活中，人们常常受固化思维支配。本文作者通过经典实验来说明固化思维的影响，并告诉我们要打破固化思维，以创新的方式去思考问题。
9．答案与解析：B 考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“This is a phenmenn psychlgists call functinal fixedness”及第二段中的“This classic experiment will give yu an idea f hw it wrks”可知，第一段结尾处提到一种被称作功能性固化思维的现象，第二段紧接着就用经典实验来阐释它是如何工作的。由此可知，画线词“it”指的就是上文中的“functinal fixedness”，故选B。
10．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candle is difficult”可知，要顺利完成任务，人们需要把装大头钉的盒子用作烛台，而要想到这一点是很难的，故选C。
11．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“The plitical therist Hannah Arendt cined the phrase‘frzen thughts’ t describe deeply held ideas that we n lnger questin but shuld”可知，Hannah Arendt认为，人们应该去质疑固有观念，故选A。
12．答案与解析：B 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕“functinal fixedness”这种心理学现象展开，介绍了固化思维的形成、影响及如何打破固化思维，故B项最能概括文章的主要内容。
长难句解读：What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we ften accept it anyway because we are s used t the way things are that we dn't even recgnize that they culd be different.
分析：这是一个主从复合句。What's sad是what引导的主语从句。第一个that引导表语从句，该表语从句中又包含一个even if引导的让步状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句，而because引导的原因状语从句中又包含一个(第二个that)引导的结果状语从句和that(第三个that)引导的宾语从句。
译文：让人难过的是，即使是后者，我们也常常会接受它，因为我们是如此习惯于事情的发展方式以至于我们甚至没有意识到它们可能会是不同的。