2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪专题十名词性从句
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这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪专题十名词性从句,共14页。试卷主要包含了名词性从句的结构和功能总述,以that引导的从句等内容,欢迎下载使用。
命题趋势:对名词性从句的考查比例可能会增加。
一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构:以that引导的从句;以whether/if引导的从句;以连接代词/副词wh,where,why等引导的从句;以what或wh-ever等引导的名词性从句。此外,as if/as thugh也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表:
练习:
1、Can yu tell me (我如何能)get t the railway statin?
2、These phtgraphs will shw yu .
(我们村看上去是什么样子的).
答案:
1、hw I can
2、what ur village lks like
二、以that引导的从句
(一)that从句作主语
1. that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
(1)It+ be +形容词(bvius,true natural,surprising,gd wnderful,funny,pssible,likely,certain,prbable,etc.)+that从句
例:
It is certain that she will d well in her exam.
她肯定会考得很好。
(2) It+be+名词词组(n wnder an hnr,a gd thing,a pity,n surprise,etc.)+that从句
例:
It's n surprise that ur team has wn the game.
我们队已经赢了那场比赛并不令人惊奇。
(3) It + be +过去分词(said,reprted,thught,expected,decided,annunced,arranged,etc.)+that从句
例:
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说,格林先生已经到北京了。
(4) It+动词或动词短语(seem,appear,happen,matter,turn ut,prve,ccur,etc.)+ that从句
例:
It happened that he was ut.
他碰巧出去了。
It prves that he is silly.
事实证明他很愚蠢。
2.在口语中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,但that从句位于句首时,that是不能省略的。
例:
It's a pity(that)yu're leaving.
很遗憾,你要离开了。
That we are invited t the cncert this evening is gd news t us.
我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。
(二)that从句作宾语
1.that从句作及物动词的宾语,常用的结构有:
(1)及物动词+that从句
例:
D yu knw(that)he has jined the army?
你知道他参军了吗?
(2)及物动词+it+宾补+that从句
He has made it clear that he will nt give in.
他不会屈服的,这一点他已明确表示了。
2.that从句作介词的宾语,常用的结构有:
(1)in/except+that从句
例:
He is a gd student except that he is a little bit careless.
他是个好学生,就是有点儿粗心。
He differed frm his classmates in that he devted his spare time t reading.
他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在了读书上。
(2)其他介词+it+that从句
例:
Yu may depend n it that I shall always help yu.
你要相信我会一直帮助你的。
(三)that引导的表语从句、同位语从句
1.表语从句
that从句作表语,that一般不省略
例:
My decisin is that all f us are t start at 6 'clck tmrrw mrning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
2.同位语从句
that从句作同位语,that不可省略
例:
There's a feeling in me that we'll never knw what a UFO is.
我有一种感觉,我们永远不会知道不明飞行物是什么。
(四)that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别
练习:
用适当的连接词填空
1、It is bvius t the students they shuld get well prepared fr their future.
2、The news we are having a hliday tmrrw is nt true.
答案:
1、that
2、that
三、以whether/if(是否)引导的从句
(一). 引导表语从句、同位语从句时
表语从句和同位语从句只用whether作引导词。
例:
The prblem is whether the meeting will be held.
问题是这个会议是否将要举行。
I have n idea whether the meeting will be held.
我不知道会议是否会举行。
(二). whether/if引导的主语从句
(1)位于句首,引导词用whether。
例:
Whether the meeting will be held is still a prblem.
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
(2)it作形式主语,主语从句置于句末
与r nt直接连用或与表示选择的r连用,引导词用whether。与r nt不直接连用,用whether或if。
例:
It makes n difference whether r nt he cmes.
他是否来无关紧要。
It makes n difference whether he cmes r leaves.
他是来还是去无关紧要。
It makes n difference whether/if he cmes r nt.
他是否来无关紧要。
(三).whether/if引导的宾语从句
(1)只用whether不用if的情况
1. 与r nt 直接连用
例:
I dn't care whether r nt he cmes.
我不在乎他是否来。
2. 与表示选择的r连用
例:
I dn't care whether he will leave r stay.
我不在乎他是去还是留。
3. 为了强调宾语从句,将宾语从句提前时
例:
Whether he will cme I am nt sure.
他是不是来我不确定。
Whether he is married I dn't knw.
他是否已婚我不知道。
4. 用if表示“是否”容易产生歧义时
例:
Please let me knw whether yu need help.
请告诉我你是否需要帮助。
对比:Please let me knw if yu need help.
如果你需要帮助,请告诉我。/请告诉我你是否需要帮助。
5. 后加不定式
例:
I dn't knw whether t g there.
我不知道(我)是否去那里。
6. 作介词宾语
例:
It depends n whether yu can d the wrk well.
那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
7. 作discuss的宾语
例:
We are discussing whether we will accept his ffer f help.
我们正讨论是否接受他的帮助。
(2)
用whether或if均可
1.宾语从句中不含r(nt)
例:
He didn't tell me if/whether he wuld cme.
他没告诉我他是否会来。
2.与r nt不直接连用
例:
I dn't care whether/if he cmes r nt.
我不在乎他是否来。
练习:
用whether/if填空
1、It is still under discussin the ld bus statin shuld be replaced with a mdern htel r nt.
2、I am nt sure he will cme here r nt.
3、This decisin will have an effect n r nt he will succeed.
答案:
1、whether/if
2、whether/if
3、whether
四、以连接代词/副词wh, where, why等引导的从句
1、主语从句
例:
Why he is ften absent frm class is a mystery.
他为什么经常缺课是个谜。
It makes n difference where we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。(It为形式主语,where we shall have the meeting为真正的主语)
2、宾语从句
例:
I can't imagine hw he did it.
我不能想象他是如何做的这件事。(从句作及物动词的宾语)
It all depends n hw we slve the prblem.
这完全取决于我们如何解决这个问题。(从句作介词n的宾语)
3、表语从句
例:
The prblem is where we shuld stay.
问题是我们应该待在哪里。
4、同位语从句
例:
My questin hw I shall get in tuch with him has nt been answered.
我如何能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。
练习:
I'm afraid he's mre f a talker than a der, which is he never finished anything.
答案:why
五. 以what或wh-ever等引导的名词性从句
1.引导词为what,相当于the things that…,意为:……的事物
例:
What they need(= The thing that they need)is a gd textbk.
他们需要的是一本好教科书。
2.引导词为whether,相当于any(thing)that...,意为:任何…的事物
例:
Whatever he likes(=Anything that he likes)will be given t him.
他喜欢的任何东西都会给他。
Yu can write abut whatever tpic yu prefer(=any tpic that yu prefer).
你可以写你喜欢的任何题目。
3. 引导词为whichever,意为:无论哪个/哪些;……的那个/那些
例:
Whichever bk he bught wuld be paid fr.
(这些书中)无论他买哪一本书都要付款。
It desn't matter t me whichever yu chse.
你选择哪一个对我来说都无所谓。
4.引导词为whever,相当于the persn r peple wh;any persn wh…,意为:……的那个人(或那些人);……的任何人
例:
Whever did this jb must be rewarded.
干这项工作的任何人一定会得到酬谢。
练习:
用适当的连接词填空
1、Many yung peple in the West are expected t leave culd be the mst imprtant decisin in life—marriage—almst entirely up t luck.
2、 ne f yu breaks the windw will have t pay fr it.
3、The bk can be f help t wants t d the jb.
4、She is very dear t us. We have been prepared t d it takes t save her life.
5、—Hw abut camping this weekend, just fr a change?
—OK, yu want.
6、T imprve the quality f ur prducts, we asked fr suggestins had used the prducts.
答案:
1、what
2、Whichever
3、whever
4、whatever
5、whatever
6、whever
六.名词性从句的几个易混点
(一)that通常不可省略的情况:
1.that引导的主语从句置于句首时。
例:
That prices will g up is certain.
物价要上涨是肯定的。
2.当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。
例:
He tld me he had t leave and that he wuld be back sn.
他告诉我他得离开且很快就回来。
3.由it作形式宾语时,引导宾语从句的that大多不可省略。
例:
Yu can put it that it was arranged befre.
您可以说这是之前安排好的。
(二)as if/as thugh,because,why也可引导表语从句。
例:
It lked as if it was ging t rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
That's because he didn't wrk hard enugh.
那是因为他工作不够努力。
That was why I asked fr three days' leave.
那就是我请了三天假的原因。
注意:because引导表语从句时,主句主语不能是reasn或cause,而且since和as不能引导表语从句。The reasn is that…才是正确的。
考点专练
一、填空
1、While they are rare nrth f 88",there is evidence they range all the way
acrss the Arctic,and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
2、Scientists have btained mre evidence plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.
3、What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than they g.
4、I'm nt sure is mre frightened,me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that
suddenly appears ut f nwhere.
5、Withut his supprt,we wuldn't be we are nw.
6、This is my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the
best.
7、The gld medal will be awarded t wins the first prize in the Kite Festival.
8、By bat is the nly way t get here, which is we arrived.
9、Every year, makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
10、She asked me I had returned the bks t the library,and I admitted that
I hadn't.
2. 单句改错
1、D yu knw hw d they want t shw lve?
2、What I have been admitted int Peking University excited me.
3、Whatever he needs is yur understanding.
4、The reasn why they were always pr was which they paid little attentin t educatin.
5、If this is true r nt, I really dn't knw.
6、It depends n if we have much mney.
7、I'm sure if he can pass the exam.
8、The news which a serius earthquake happened in her hmetwn made her upset.
9、The meeting's decisin is all wrkers shuld wrk tw mre hurs every day.
10、We are discussing if we shuld take up tennis r ftball.
答案
一、
1.that 根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内客,故填that。
2.that 句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在找到方法进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
3.where 句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
4.wh 根据"me r the female grilla(大猩猩)”可知,此处给出两个选择,句意为:我不确定谁感到更害怕……故填连接代词wh。
5.where 句意:假如没有他的帮助,我们就不会取得現在的成就。" we are nw"是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置(拥有的成就),故该从句应用where引导。
6. what 句意:这是我父亲教我的——总是直面困难,并且抱最大的希望。" my father has taught me"是表语从句,该空在从句中作taught的宾语,且表示“父亲教我的道理”,故该从句应用what引导。引导名词性从句时,hw表方式,意为“如何";which意为“哪一个",that只起引导从句的作用,不作成分。
7.whever 句意:金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。分析句子可知,宾语从句缺少引导词且在从句中作主语,根据句意,故用whever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。
8.hw 句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词hw引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。
9.whever 句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语成分,且表示“无论谁”,故填whever.
10.whether/if 句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据句意可知该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。
二、
1.去掉d 宾语从句中要用陈述语序。
2.What→That 引导词在名词性从句中不作任何成分,也无词汇意义,故用that引导。
13.Whatever→What 表示具体的内容用what,而whatever意为“任何……的东西/事情”。
4.which→that 主语为The reasn,表语从句用that 引导。
5.If→Whether 引导位于句首的宾语从句用Whether,不用if。
6.if→whether 介词后的宾语从句用whether引导,不用if;I'm nt sure后的从句可用if引导。
7.if→that或sure前加nt I'm sure后的从句用that 引导,不用if;I'm nt sure后的从句可用if引导。
8.which→that the news后面是同位语从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分,也无词汇意义,故用that引导。
9.is后加that 表语从句中的that一般不省略。
10.if→whether 动词discuss后的宾语从句用whether引导不用if。主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
作及物动词宾语
作介词宾语
that
一般不省略
一般可以省略
一般不省略
一般不省略
一般不省略
whether/if
(是否)
放于句首时常用whether
用whether/if均可,但有区别
常用whether
常用whether
常用whether
连接代词/副词
注意语序要用陈述句语序
what或wh-ever等
注意语序要用陈述句语序
从句
例句
区别
同位语从 句
The news that ur ftball team wn the match was encuraging.
我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。
1.对前面的名词起解释说明的作用
2.同位语从句(ur ftball team wn the match)不缺任何成分
定语从句
The news(that)we heard n the radi was nt true.
我们在收音机里听到的
那则消息不是真的。
1.对先行词起修饰限制的作用
2.定语从句(we heard n the radi)是残缺的句子
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