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2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密13阅读理解之细节理解题含解析
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这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密13阅读理解之细节理解题含解析，共28页。
解密13 阅读理解之细节理解题
序号
题型
真题
Part 1
解密高考
考点综述 备考建议
Part 2
对点解密
考点精准说1... 真题对点析1... 对点模拟练1...
Part 3
强化集训
真题模测、典题模测
Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
【备考建议】
做细节理解题时，应该注意以下的命题方式：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________.
（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
Part 2对点解密
【考点精准说】1----→描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
【真题对点析】1
（2020·海南高考真题）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
1．What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?
A．They produce oxygen. B．They cover a vast area.
C．They are well managed. D．They are rich in wildlife.
2．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?
A．Heavy rains B．Big trees.
C．Small plants. D．Forest animals.
3．Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?
A．For more sunlight. B．For more growing space.
C．For self-protection. D．For the detection of insects.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Life-Giving Rainforests B．The Law of the Jungle
C．Animals in the Amazon D．Weather in Rainforests
【答案】
1．D2．B
【分析】
本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B。
【对点模拟练】1
During the cold winter days, there are some interesting festivals (节日) in the world. Look at the following ones.
Harbin Ice and Snow Festival
Place: China
Time: January 5 to February 5
People build incredible things out of ice and snow,decorating them with lights.
The Carnival of Venice
Place: Italy
Time: between February and March
One of the most beautiful festivals in the world,people wear masks and elaborate costumes to hide differences among classes,and there are contests for the best costumers.
Holi Festival
Place: India
Time: late February/March, on the last dull moon day
Hindus and Sikhs,in India,Nepal,and Sri Lanka celebrate the main day of this incredibly fun 16-day festival by throwing colored powder and water at each other.
Sundance Film Festival
Place: Utah, the US
Time: end of February
The largest independent film festival in the US. Watch both feature films and shorts. You need to buy a ticket.
1．Which of the following festivals can’t be celebrated at the end of February?
A．Sundance Film Festival. B．Harbin Ice and Snow Festival.
C．Holi Festival. D．The Carnival of Venice.
2．If you want to watch wonderful films, you may go to .
A．India B．China
C．America D．Italy
3．If you go to Europe, which festival can you celebrate?
A．Sundance Film Festival. B．Holi Festival.
C．The Carnival of Venice. D．Harbin Ice and Snow Festival.
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季的一些有趣的节日。
1．细节理解题。根据Harbin Ice and Snow Festival部分中的Time: January 5 to February 5可知，哈尔滨冰雪节的庆祝时间是一月五日到二月五日，因此不能在二月底庆祝的是哈尔滨冰雪节。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Sundance Film Festival部分中的The largest independent film festival in the US. Watch both feature films and shorts. You need to buy a ticket.可知，美国最大的独立电影节。看故事片和短片。你需要买一张票。由此可知，要想看很棒的电影，你也许可以去美国。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据The Carnival of Venice部分的Place: Italy可知，The Carnival of Venice是意大利的节日，去欧洲可以参加威尼斯狂欢节。故选C。
【考点精准说】2--→信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。
为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：
Tel. =telephone number
Ph. =phone Add (r). =address
co. =company Ltd=Limited
Max=maximum Min=minimum
hr=hour t=time
fig=figure ft=foot
ml=mile doz=dozen
Mt=Mountain P=page
prof. =professor Dr. =doctor
s=south n=north
w=west Sta=Station
pop=popular vs=versus
Xmas=Christmas info=information
VIP=very important persons hrs=hours
aft=after ad=advertisement
p/t=part time exp=experienced
PC=personal computer MA=Master of Arts
BS degree=bachelor's degree (学士学位)
【真题对点析】2
（2020·北京高考真题） Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from A I specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language leaning. Our courses, totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away.
At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.
Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue leaning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our leaners, not for any third party. And it's all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat.
Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will, find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom.
Choose Your Subscription and Get Started
1 month
3 months
6 months
12 months
$12.95/m
$8.95/m
$7.45/m
$6.95/m
Buy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you aren't satisfied, just write to Customer Service within 21 days.
Contact & Support: customerservice@lancom.com
17．Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning?
A．Culture researchers. B．AI specialists. C．Language experts. D．Art designers.
18．What lies at the core of the Lancom app?
A．A flexible system. B．An effective method.
C．The brain-training technique. D．The informative content.
19．Lancom claims that it is unique in its ___________.
A．personalised courses B．multiple languages
C．pricing policy D．service team
【答案】
17．C18．B19．A
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个名为Lancom的全球性语言学习应用程序，介绍了其特色、价格以及联系方式等信息。
17．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language leaning.”可知，在人工智能专家、艺术设计师和文化研究者的建议下，我们的多语言专家为Lancom在语言学习领域提供了巨大的创新潜力。由此可知，语言专家为Lancom提供学习创新的巨大潜力。故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.”可知，Lancom的核心是一种世界级的有效方法，利用先进的技术来增强语言学习。由此可知，Lancom应用程序的核心是有效的方法。故选B。
19．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know.”可知，Lancom是唯一一款为您的母语量身定制课程的产品，以您已经掌握的语法和单词为基础，由此可知，Lancom声称它的个性化课程是独一无二的。故选A。
【对点模拟练】2
4 Study and Homework Apps for Android!
Brainly
Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year
Brainly is a social network for learners. You sign up, ask questions, and get answers (usually).Additionally, you can browse the site, answer other people's questions, and help them out as well. There They charge on a quarter basis ($15)or a yearly basis($24).
Forest
Price: Free/Up to $1.99
Forest is a different type of app. One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone.Forest helps put a stop to that. You open the app and a tree grows.The tree dies if you leave the app.Thus, there is a little motivation to leave the thing alone while you study or do homework.
Google Play Books
Price: Free app, book costs vary
Google Play Books is an excellent source of learning material. Sometimes your textbook just isn't enough and apps like this have plenty of additional resources. Books cost money obviously. However, you only pay for them once. Books are available offline on your smartphone or tablet.
Quizlet
Price: Free/$19.99 per year
Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning. You can create flashcards play memory games, and even share flashcards with classmates. It also supports 18 languages for about any subject or topic. The free version should work just fine for simple uses, though. The premium version costs $19.99 per year, which isn't expensive for a study aid.
21. What is special about Forest?
A. It helps keep youfocused. B. It answers your questions.
C. It provides textbooks for your study. D. It motivates you to plant more trees.
22. Quizlet is designed for ________.
A. Bookworms B. Job seekers
C. Game players D. Language learners
23. What do these apps have in common?
A. They provide interesting games for learners.
B. They charge for some services.
C. They have enough learning resources.
D. They are designed to do homework quickly.
【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个安卓系统的学习应用程序。
21. 【答案】A
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone. Forest helps put a stop to that.”可知，学习时最大的干扰之一就是你的智能手机。Forest有助于阻止发生这种情况，由此可知，Forest的特别之处是能够帮助你集中注意力，故A项正确。
22.【答案】D
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning.”可知，Quizlet是最流行的语言学习抽认卡应用程序之一故D项正确。
23.【答案】B
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year”，第二段中的“Price: Free/Up to $1.99”，第三段中的“Price: Free app, book costs vary”及第四段中的“Price: Free/$19.99 per year”等信息可知，这四个应用程序都会针对一些服务收费，故B项正确。
【考点精准说】3----→数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
【真题对点析】3
【2020·全国新课标II】 The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open:29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct).
House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct)
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 -17.00 Sumner.10.30 -16.00 Winter.
Town:Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00.
Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09.30 – 17.30 (last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
21．When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A．09.30-17.30. B．10.30-16.00. C．11.15-16.00. D．12.00-16.30
22．What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A．Enjoy Ronney’s works.
B．Have some interactive fun.
C．Attend a famous festival.
D．Learn the history of a family
23．Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?
A．Penrith. B．Kendal. C．Carlisle. D．Grasmere.
【答案】21．C22．A23．D
【解析】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。
21．细节理解题。根据题干中的Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens 可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的House:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C. 11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据题干中的Abbot Hall Art Gallery& Museum可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A. Enjoy Romney's works.(欣赏Romneys的作品)符合以上说法，故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据题干中的explore Wordsworth's life可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town: Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordsworth's的生活，可以去Grasmere。D. Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。
【对点模拟练】3
（2020·全国高考真题） POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D．C．for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
61．How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Six.
62．What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A．A plane ticket. B．A book by Corinne Szabo.
C．A special T-shirt. D．A photo of Amelia Earhart.
63．Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A．Typing your poem out. B．Writing a poem of 120 words.
C．Using both sides of the paper. D．Mailing your entry on October 30.
【答案】
61．A62．C
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
61．
细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
62．
细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
(2018·江苏卷，A)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028
211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.org
Entrances
Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street
Hours
Open 7 days a week.
Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30
Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May.
Admission
$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.
Free with Admission
All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and family/children's programs are free with admission.
Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.
The Cloisters Museum and Gardens
The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
Hours: Open 7 days a week.
March-October 10:00-17:15
November-February 10:00-16:45
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.
56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A. $12. B. $37. C. $ 50. D. $ 62
【文章大意】本文为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了The Metropolitan Museum of Art 的地理位置、开放时间、门票收取、展出内容以及分馆The Cloisters Museum and Gardens的相关情况。
56. C 【解析】数字计算题。根据admission 部分中的$25 recommended for adults，$12recommended for students，free for children under 12 with an adult 可知11岁的女孩和她父母去参观博物馆只需付两个成人的票价即25×2=50，故答案为C。
【考点精准说】4---→排序题、图文转换题和代词指代题解题技能
排序题
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。
代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【真题对点析】4
（2016·新课标卷III））On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
＂Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.＂
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).
＂My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’＂
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. ＂I don’t have to.＂
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
26. The underlined word ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _______.
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。
26.D 【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据＂Now we believe your stories＂可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
【对点模拟练】4
The Home of My People
When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 1808, they met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers（探险者）began to fight with the Indians for their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those agreements and demanded more land.
Other chiefs refused to go along with the government’s plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley（present-day Oregon）.
“In order to have all people understand how much land we owned, ” he once explained, “my father planted poles around it and said: ‘Inside is the home of my people…It circled around the graves（坟墓）of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man. ’”
But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a reservation（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Joseph agreed to move.
Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in.
1. Which historic site （on the map）lies in the south of today’s Nez Perce Reservation?
A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar.
C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Looking Glass Camp.
2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map?
A. They were in the state of Oregon.
B. They have become a historic site.
C. They have become much smaller.
D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.
【答案与解析】
1.D 此题考查学生的图示理解能力。首先要找到并标出现在Nez Perce Reservation所在的位置，然后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到Chief Looking Glass camp位于Nez Perce Reservation的南部。
2.C 从地图中我们可以看到，Nez Perce原先所拥有的土地比现在Nez Perce保留区的位置大多了。
Part 3强化集训
【真题模测】
Passage 1
【2020·全国新课标I】
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property(失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e.
Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart
Origin
Destination
Arrive
6:42pm
Altandi
Varsity Lakes
7:37pm
7:29pm
Central
Varsity Lakes
8:52pm
8:57pm
Fortitude Valley
Varsity Lakes
9:52pm
11:02pm
Roma Street
Varsity Lakes
12:22am
21．What would you do get ticker information?
A．Call 13 16 17. B．Visit translink .com.au.
C．Ask at the local station. D．Check the train schedule.
22．At which station can you find the lost property office?
A．Altandi. B．Roma Street. C．Varsity Lakes. D．Fortitude Valley.
23．Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A．6:42 pm. B．7:29 pm. C．8:57 pm. D．11:02 pm.
【答案】21．C22．B23．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
Passage 2
【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes：Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes：The book Sky Pioneer：A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions：Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 188
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? （ ）
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? （ ）
A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? （ ）
A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
【答案】1.A2.C3.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
1.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项（写一首120字的诗）是会被取消资格的。故选B。
Passage 3
（2018·全国新课标卷I，B）
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。
25.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。
【新题模测】
Passage 1
At age 12, Keegan Sobilo of New Baltimore carefully tucks his legs and arms into a fire suit, pulls on a helmet and climbs into a race car that exceeds 80 mph. He has been doing this since age 8.
“ At first, I was scared to death. I was like, 'Let's do bowling or swimming. ' It's still very scary.But he knows what he's doing. Your heart goes out on that track every time he goes out there," said his mother Hillary Sobilo.
＂The sixth-grader always wears pajamas to the track every night and takes them off when he puts his race clothes on. He's been doing that for the last four years. That's his trademark,” said Tim Phillips, his crew chief. The first time he wore his train pajamas to the track, Keegan went from last place to ninth place. He decided they brought luck. Since then, he has won a series of championships.
Passion for cars runs in the family. Keegan's father is a design mechanic at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. He knows what it means to have seats and roll cages built to fit his son's body."What I see in Keegan is passion, like how I feel about car restoration. But for him, everything has to align itself. I tell my son you have to be the perfect package. Winning races every weekend is not the only key. More importantly, you have to have the right name, you have to look the correct way, speak the correct way, and act the correct way. Then the rest of it is really luck, like the stock market. If you don't put yourself out there,you'll never hit it big."
While Keegan's classmates play basketball and volleyball,Keegan is at the Birch Run track-practicing, qualifying and racing until 10 p.m. or 2 a.m. While many children spend time playing video games, Keegan runs race simulation training with his joystick after school.
＂The kid is cool.It was like having a grandson. We showed respect to each other. And he takes it very seriously," said competitor Mike Todd, 69 , of Galesburg, Michigan." He's an older soul in a young man's body. I'd like to see him make it big. He's got the willpower."
21．Keegan enjoys ______
A．swimming B．racing cars
C．bowling D．playing games
22．According to the passage., what does Keegan's father value most?
A．Victory. B．Safety.
C．Good qualities. D．Real luck.
23．It can be learned from the passage that
A．Keegan spends a lot of time practicing
B．the train pajamas bring Keegan success
C．Keegan's mother worries about his studies
D．Keegan picked up the hobby at the age of 4
【答案】
21．B22．C23．A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁男孩对赛车的热爱和追求并为之努力训练的故事。
21．细节理解题。结合全文内容，如第一段末尾“...climbs into a race car that exceeds 80 mph. He has been doing this since age 8.”（……爬进了一辆速度超80英里每小时的赛车，他从八岁起就一直做这个）可知，他喜欢的是赛车，故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段Keegan父亲的话“Winning races every weekend is not the only key. More importantly, you have to have the right name, you have to look the correct way, speak the correct way, and act the correct way.”可知，每个周末赢得比赛并不是唯一的追求。更重要的是，你要有正确的言行举止，为人处世要得当，C项“美好品质”是对这的准确概括，他父亲看重的是这个，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据原文第五段结尾处“Keegan is at the Birch Run track-practicing, qualifying and racing until 10 p.m. or 2 a.m. While many children spend time playing video games, Keegan runs race simulation training with his joystick after school.”可知Keegan可能会练习赛车直到晚上十点甚至是凌晨两点，当其他孩子都在玩游戏时，他在放学后把时间都花在赛车模拟训练上了。从原文这一内容可知Keegan花了很多的时间练习（赛车），故选A。
Passage 2
Hot Science
The Benefits
Experts have found that there are clear health benefits of drinking tea. Research has led to the discovery that chemicals found in tea can help prevent cell damage. And there is clear evidence that drinking three to four cups of tea a day will reduce the chances of heart attacks and certain cancers. Other health benefits include bone strengthening and protection against bad teeth."Drinking tea is actually better for you than drinking water," said one doctor.
Re-hydration
There was also some interesting information on the qualities of tea. The research dispels the fear that tea is dehydrating(脱水）。＂Everyone assumes that caffeine-containing drinks such as tea dehydrate," a leading expert explained."But even if you had a really strong cup of tea,you would still have a gain of fluid（液体）。In terms of fluid intake,we recommend 1.5 to 2 litres per day,and that can include tea. Tea is not dehydrating. It's a healthy drink."
The Negative Side
There was only one bit of bad news about tea.Research suggests that tea can affect the body's ability to absorb iron from food. This means that people at risk of anaemia(贫血）should avoid drinking tea around mealtimes.
Tea Jokes
Why was the teacher angry with the Teapot?
Because he was "naughtea".
What did the teapot wear to bed?
A"nightea".
Tea Facts
Here are some truly amazing tea facts. Tea·comes from the.leaves of a·tree called camellia sinensis.The tree can grow over 10 metres tall. However, it is cut short so that the leaves can be taken easily.
Tea is grown in India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Argentina, 'Kenya; Japan, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Uganda, Malawi, Turkey, Iran, Brazil and Tanzania. India is the world's largest tea producer.
Eighty percent of the caffeine in tea can be removed by pouring hot water over the leaves.
8．Tea is unable to help prevent
A．heart attacks B．bad teeth C．weak bones D．iron shortage
9．The underlined word "dispel" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A．confirm B．convey C．remove D．raise
10．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Tea is used to cure different diseases.
B．Strong tea cannot relieve human thirst.
C．Tea jokes only work for the tea lovers.
D．Tea bushes are cut short for easy harvest.
【答案】
8．D9．C10．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章用生动的语言分板块分别讲述了饮茶的好处与某些坏处、茶树与茶的知识科普以及有关茶的笑话。
8．细节理解题。在“Benefits”部分中, “three or four cups of tea a day will reduce the chances of heart attacks and certain cancers.（每天喝三到四杯茶可以降低患心脏病和某些癌症的几率。）” “Other health benefits include bone strengthening and protection against bad teeth.（其他的健康益处还包括增强骨骼和防止坏牙。）”可知，饮茶有利于减少心脏问题的发生、增强骨质以及预防牙齿问题。而在“negative side”板块中“This means that people at risk of anaemia(贫血）should avoid drinking tea around mealtimes.”我们可以得知，贫血的人不适宜饮茶，故饮茶会增加缺铁的风险，而不是预防。故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后“the fear that tea is dehydrating(脱水）”可知，人们害怕茶会有脱水的作用。而后文专家的解释中说明了茶并不会起到脱水的作用，茶是一种健康的饮品。故此处的“dispel”应为与打消，消除相近的含义。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段“And there is clear evidence that drinking three to four cups of tea a day will reduce the chances of heart attacks and certain cancers.（有明确的证据表明，每天喝三到四杯茶可以降低心脏病和某些癌症的发病率。）”可知， A选项中“cure different diseases”并未在文中体现，文中只说明饮茶可以预防一些疾病的发生，所以选项A错误。B选项中“cannot”与文意相悖，文中Re-hydration板块中的专家提及即使喝了浓茶也会相当于摄入了人体所需的液体，所以浓茶也可以起到解渴的作用。而C选项中的笑话则是并不饮茶的人也能理解的。故A、B、C选项皆为错误选项。D选项可以定位至Tea facts中的第一条However, it is cut short so that the leaves can be taken easily.，即茶树会被砍短以方便采收。所以选项D的描述正确。故选D。
Passage 3
You might want to take this news standing up. A national survey finds that Americans of all ages are spending more time sitting. Sitting too much——especially when watching television, phones or other screens—can be bad for people’s health, research suggests.
In a new study, researchers analyzed previously collected survey data from more than 50,000 American children, teenagers and adults. The surveys, which went from 2001 through 2016, asked people how much time they spent sitting. People reported sitting a lot. For example, close to two-thirds of children and teens said they sat at least two hours a day watching television or videos. The data also showed that computer use outside of school or work has been increasing across all ages.
Lin Yang is a public-health expert at Alberta Health Services in Calgary, Canada. As an author of the new study, she notes that this trend is not unique to the United States. “Other studies out of Europe and Australia have also found increases in sitting time,” she says. “This includes sitting for work or school as well as driving rather than walking or riding a bike.”
In recent years, inactivity has been seen as an important risk to people’s health. The US Department of Health and Human Services updated its Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans last year. It now stresses new research about the dangers of too much sitting. “This new version recommends Americans not only move more, but also sit less,” Yang says.
Though Americans sit a lot due to screen time, they can make use of it to reduce its risk to health. Erin O’Loughlin, an exercise psychologist at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada, studies how active video games—sometimes called “exergames”—can help kids move more. That may be good news for Americans. “Sports are great. But you don’t have to play sports if that’s not your thing,” she says. To up your active time, she recommends finding what attracts you. “If you like screen time, try to mix it with physical activity,” she says. “You can do this by playing active video games.”
4．What did researchers do in the new study?
A．They collected worldwide data. B．They improved participants’ health.
C．They did analysis on previous data. D．They observed people watch videos.
5．What do the underlined words “this trend” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Sitting in different places. B．Lack of outdoor exercise.
C．The increase in sitting time. D．The decrease of screen time.
6．What is Erin O’Loughlin’s idea about the way to move more?
A．Combined ones come first. B．Interest actually matters a lot.
C．The easiest one is the best. D．The more challenging, the better.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Take Measures to Cut Down Sitting Time
B．Stand Instead of Sitting in Front of Screens
C．Americans Should Limit Their Screen Time
D．Screen Time Brings Health Risk to Americans
【答案】
4．C5．C6．B7．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。屏幕时间导致美国人坐立的时间更久，而这会威胁他们的健康。因此，专家建议美国人应该多动少坐，而心理学家建议人们可以将运动和屏幕时间相结合。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a new study, researchers analyzed previously collected survey data from more than 50000 American children, teenagers and adults.(在一项新的研究中，研究人员分析了之前收集的50000多名美国儿童、青少年和成年人的调查数据。)”可知，在新的研究中，研究者们对之前的数据进行了分析。故选C。
5．词义猜测题。根据画线词后“…is not unique to the United States. ‘Other studies out of Europe and Australia have also found increases in sitting time,’(……并非美国独有。“欧洲和澳大利亚的其他研究也发现人们坐着的时间增加了，”)”可推断，画线部分指代“坐立时间的增加”。 故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段、尤其是“To up your active time，she recommends finding what attracts you.(为了增加你的活动时间，她建议找到吸引你的东西。)”可知，Erin O’Loughlin关于“多动的方法”的观点是“兴趣很重要”。 故选B。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文、尤其是文章第一段“ A national survey finds that Americans of all ages are spending more time sitting. Sitting too much——especially when watching television, phones or other screens—can be bad for people’s health, research suggests.”可知，一项全国调查发现，所有年龄段的美国人坐着的时间都在增加。研究表明，久坐——尤其是看电视、手机或其他屏幕时——可能对人体健康有害。所以“Screen Time Brings Health Risk to Americans(长时间看电视给美国人带来健康风险)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
解密13 阅读理解之细节理解题
序号
题型
真题
Part 1
解密高考
考点综述 备考建议
Part 2
对点解密
考点精准说1... 真题对点析1... 对点模拟练1...
Part 3
强化集训
真题模测、典题模测
Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
【备考建议】
做细节理解题时，应该注意以下的命题方式：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________.
（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
Part 2对点解密
【考点精准说】1----→描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
【真题对点析】1
（2020·海南高考真题）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
1．What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?
A．They produce oxygen. B．They cover a vast area.
C．They are well managed. D．They are rich in wildlife.
2．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?
A．Heavy rains B．Big trees.
C．Small plants. D．Forest animals.
3．Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?
A．For more sunlight. B．For more growing space.
C．For self-protection. D．For the detection of insects.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Life-Giving Rainforests B．The Law of the Jungle
C．Animals in the Amazon D．Weather in Rainforests
【答案】
1．D2．B
【分析】
本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B。
【对点模拟练】1
During the cold winter days, there are some interesting festivals (节日) in the world. Look at the following ones.
Harbin Ice and Snow Festival
Place: China
Time: January 5 to February 5
People build incredible things out of ice and snow,decorating them with lights.
The Carnival of Venice
Place: Italy
Time: between February and March
One of the most beautiful festivals in the world,people wear masks and elaborate costumes to hide differences among classes,and there are contests for the best costumers.
Holi Festival
Place: India
Time: late February/March, on the last dull moon day
Hindus and Sikhs,in India,Nepal,and Sri Lanka celebrate the main day of this incredibly fun 16-day festival by throwing colored powder and water at each other.
Sundance Film Festival
Place: Utah, the US
Time: end of February
The largest independent film festival in the US. Watch both feature films and shorts. You need to buy a ticket.
1．Which of the following festivals can’t be celebrated at the end of February?
A．Sundance Film Festival. B．Harbin Ice and Snow Festival.
C．Holi Festival. D．The Carnival of Venice.
2．If you want to watch wonderful films, you may go to .
A．India B．China
C．America D．Italy
3．If you go to Europe, which festival can you celebrate?
A．Sundance Film Festival. B．Holi Festival.
C．The Carnival of Venice. D．Harbin Ice and Snow Festival.
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季的一些有趣的节日。
1．细节理解题。根据Harbin Ice and Snow Festival部分中的Time: January 5 to February 5可知，哈尔滨冰雪节的庆祝时间是一月五日到二月五日，因此不能在二月底庆祝的是哈尔滨冰雪节。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Sundance Film Festival部分中的The largest independent film festival in the US. Watch both feature films and shorts. You need to buy a ticket.可知，美国最大的独立电影节。看故事片和短片。你需要买一张票。由此可知，要想看很棒的电影，你也许可以去美国。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据The Carnival of Venice部分的Place: Italy可知，The Carnival of Venice是意大利的节日，去欧洲可以参加威尼斯狂欢节。故选C。
【考点精准说】2--→信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。
为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：
Tel. =telephone number
Ph. =phone Add (r). =address
co. =company Ltd=Limited
Max=maximum Min=minimum
hr=hour t=time
fig=figure ft=foot
ml=mile doz=dozen
Mt=Mountain P=page
prof. =professor Dr. =doctor
s=south n=north
w=west Sta=Station
pop=popular vs=versus
Xmas=Christmas info=information
VIP=very important persons hrs=hours
aft=after ad=advertisement
p/t=part time exp=experienced
PC=personal computer MA=Master of Arts
BS degree=bachelor's degree (学士学位)
【真题对点析】2
（2020·北京高考真题） Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from A I specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language leaning. Our courses, totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away.
At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.
Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue leaning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our leaners, not for any third party. And it's all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat.
Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will, find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom.
Choose Your Subscription and Get Started
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Contact & Support: customerservice@lancom.com
17．Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning?
A．Culture researchers. B．AI specialists. C．Language experts. D．Art designers.
18．What lies at the core of the Lancom app?
A．A flexible system. B．An effective method.
C．The brain-training technique. D．The informative content.
19．Lancom claims that it is unique in its ___________.
A．personalised courses B．multiple languages
C．pricing policy D．service team
【答案】
17．C18．B19．A
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个名为Lancom的全球性语言学习应用程序，介绍了其特色、价格以及联系方式等信息。
17．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language leaning.”可知，在人工智能专家、艺术设计师和文化研究者的建议下，我们的多语言专家为Lancom在语言学习领域提供了巨大的创新潜力。由此可知，语言专家为Lancom提供学习创新的巨大潜力。故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.”可知，Lancom的核心是一种世界级的有效方法，利用先进的技术来增强语言学习。由此可知，Lancom应用程序的核心是有效的方法。故选B。
19．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know.”可知，Lancom是唯一一款为您的母语量身定制课程的产品，以您已经掌握的语法和单词为基础，由此可知，Lancom声称它的个性化课程是独一无二的。故选A。
【对点模拟练】2
4 Study and Homework Apps for Android!
Brainly
Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year
Brainly is a social network for learners. You sign up, ask questions, and get answers (usually).Additionally, you can browse the site, answer other people's questions, and help them out as well. There They charge on a quarter basis ($15)or a yearly basis($24).
Forest
Price: Free/Up to $1.99
Forest is a different type of app. One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone.Forest helps put a stop to that. You open the app and a tree grows.The tree dies if you leave the app.Thus, there is a little motivation to leave the thing alone while you study or do homework.
Google Play Books
Price: Free app, book costs vary
Google Play Books is an excellent source of learning material. Sometimes your textbook just isn't enough and apps like this have plenty of additional resources. Books cost money obviously. However, you only pay for them once. Books are available offline on your smartphone or tablet.
Quizlet
Price: Free/$19.99 per year
Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning. You can create flashcards play memory games, and even share flashcards with classmates. It also supports 18 languages for about any subject or topic. The free version should work just fine for simple uses, though. The premium version costs $19.99 per year, which isn't expensive for a study aid.
21. What is special about Forest?
A. It helps keep youfocused. B. It answers your questions.
C. It provides textbooks for your study. D. It motivates you to plant more trees.
22. Quizlet is designed for ________.
A. Bookworms B. Job seekers
C. Game players D. Language learners
23. What do these apps have in common?
A. They provide interesting games for learners.
B. They charge for some services.
C. They have enough learning resources.
D. They are designed to do homework quickly.
【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个安卓系统的学习应用程序。
21. 【答案】A
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone. Forest helps put a stop to that.”可知，学习时最大的干扰之一就是你的智能手机。Forest有助于阻止发生这种情况，由此可知，Forest的特别之处是能够帮助你集中注意力，故A项正确。
22.【答案】D
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning.”可知，Quizlet是最流行的语言学习抽认卡应用程序之一故D项正确。
23.【答案】B
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year”，第二段中的“Price: Free/Up to $1.99”，第三段中的“Price: Free app, book costs vary”及第四段中的“Price: Free/$19.99 per year”等信息可知，这四个应用程序都会针对一些服务收费，故B项正确。
【考点精准说】3----→数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
【真题对点析】3
【2020·全国新课标II】 The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open:29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct).
House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct)
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 -17.00 Sumner.10.30 -16.00 Winter.
Town:Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00.
Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09.30 – 17.30 (last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
21．When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A．09.30-17.30. B．10.30-16.00. C．11.15-16.00. D．12.00-16.30
22．What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A．Enjoy Ronney’s works.
B．Have some interactive fun.
C．Attend a famous festival.
D．Learn the history of a family
23．Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?
A．Penrith. B．Kendal. C．Carlisle. D．Grasmere.
【答案】21．C22．A23．D
【解析】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。
21．细节理解题。根据题干中的Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens 可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的House:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C. 11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据题干中的Abbot Hall Art Gallery& Museum可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A. Enjoy Romney's works.(欣赏Romneys的作品)符合以上说法，故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据题干中的explore Wordsworth's life可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town: Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordsworth's的生活，可以去Grasmere。D. Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。
【对点模拟练】3
（2020·全国高考真题） POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D．C．for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
61．How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Six.
62．What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A．A plane ticket. B．A book by Corinne Szabo.
C．A special T-shirt. D．A photo of Amelia Earhart.
63．Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A．Typing your poem out. B．Writing a poem of 120 words.
C．Using both sides of the paper. D．Mailing your entry on October 30.
【答案】
61．A62．C
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
61．
细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
62．
细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
(2018·江苏卷，A)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028
211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.org
Entrances
Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street
Hours
Open 7 days a week.
Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30
Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May.
Admission
$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.
Free with Admission
All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and family/children's programs are free with admission.
Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.
The Cloisters Museum and Gardens
The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
Hours: Open 7 days a week.
March-October 10:00-17:15
November-February 10:00-16:45
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.
56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A. $12. B. $37. C. $ 50. D. $ 62
【文章大意】本文为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了The Metropolitan Museum of Art 的地理位置、开放时间、门票收取、展出内容以及分馆The Cloisters Museum and Gardens的相关情况。
56. C 【解析】数字计算题。根据admission 部分中的$25 recommended for adults，$12recommended for students，free for children under 12 with an adult 可知11岁的女孩和她父母去参观博物馆只需付两个成人的票价即25×2=50，故答案为C。
【考点精准说】4---→排序题、图文转换题和代词指代题解题技能
排序题
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。
代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【真题对点析】4
（2016·新课标卷III））On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
＂Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.＂
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).
＂My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’＂
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. ＂I don’t have to.＂
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
26. The underlined word ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _______.
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。
26.D 【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据＂Now we believe your stories＂可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
【对点模拟练】4
The Home of My People
When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 1808, they met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers（探险者）began to fight with the Indians for their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those agreements and demanded more land.
Other chiefs refused to go along with the government’s plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley（present-day Oregon）.
“In order to have all people understand how much land we owned, ” he once explained, “my father planted poles around it and said: ‘Inside is the home of my people…It circled around the graves（坟墓）of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man. ’”
But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a reservation（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Joseph agreed to move.
Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in.
1. Which historic site （on the map）lies in the south of today’s Nez Perce Reservation?
A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar.
C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Looking Glass Camp.
2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map?
A. They were in the state of Oregon.
B. They have become a historic site.
C. They have become much smaller.
D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.
【答案与解析】
1.D 此题考查学生的图示理解能力。首先要找到并标出现在Nez Perce Reservation所在的位置，然后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到Chief Looking Glass camp位于Nez Perce Reservation的南部。
2.C 从地图中我们可以看到，Nez Perce原先所拥有的土地比现在Nez Perce保留区的位置大多了。
Part 3强化集训
【真题模测】
Passage 1
【2020·全国新课标I】
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property(失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e.
Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart
Origin
Destination
Arrive
6:42pm
Altandi
Varsity Lakes
7:37pm
7:29pm
Central
Varsity Lakes
8:52pm
8:57pm
Fortitude Valley
Varsity Lakes
9:52pm
11:02pm
Roma Street
Varsity Lakes
12:22am
21．What would you do get ticker information?
A．Call 13 16 17. B．Visit translink .com.au.
C．Ask at the local station. D．Check the train schedule.
22．At which station can you find the lost property office?
A．Altandi. B．Roma Street. C．Varsity Lakes. D．Fortitude Valley.
23．Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A．6:42 pm. B．7:29 pm. C．8:57 pm. D．11:02 pm.
【答案】21．C22．B23．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
Passage 2
【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes：Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes：The book Sky Pioneer：A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions：Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 188
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? （ ）
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? （ ）
A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? （ ）
A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
【答案】1.A2.C3.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
1.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项（写一首120字的诗）是会被取消资格的。故选B。
Passage 3
（2018·全国新课标卷I，B）
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。
25.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。
【新题模测】
Passage 1
At age 12, Keegan Sobilo of New Baltimore carefully tucks his legs and arms into a fire suit, pulls on a helmet and climbs into a race car that exceeds 80 mph. He has been doing this since age 8.
“ At first, I was scared to death. I was like, 'Let's do bowling or swimming. ' It's still very scary.But he knows what he's doing. Your heart goes out on that track every time he goes out there," said his mother Hillary Sobilo.
＂The sixth-grader always wears pajamas to the track every night and takes them off when he puts his race clothes on. He's been doing that for the last four years. That's his trademark,” said Tim Phillips, his crew chief. The first time he wore his train pajamas to the track, Keegan went from last place to ninth place. He decided they brought luck. Since then, he has won a series of championships.
Passion for cars runs in the family. Keegan's father is a design mechanic at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. He knows what it means to have seats and roll cages built to fit his son's body."What I see in Keegan is passion, like how I feel about car restoration. But for him, everything has to align itself. I tell my son you have to be the perfect package. Winning races every weekend is not the only key. More importantly, you have to have the right name, you have to look the correct way, speak the correct way, and act the correct way. Then the rest of it is really luck, like the stock market. If you don't put yourself out there,you'll never hit it big."
While Keegan's classmates play basketball and volleyball,Keegan is at the Birch Run track-practicing, qualifying and racing until 10 p.m. or 2 a.m. While many children spend time playing video games, Keegan runs race simulation training with his joystick after school.
＂The kid is cool.It was like having a grandson. We showed respect to each other. And he takes it very seriously," said competitor Mike Todd, 69 , of Galesburg, Michigan." He's an older soul in a young man's body. I'd like to see him make it big. He's got the willpower."
21．Keegan enjoys ______
A．swimming B．racing cars
C．bowling D．playing games
22．According to the passage., what does Keegan's father value most?
A．Victory. B．Safety.
C．Good qualities. D．Real luck.
23．It can be learned from the passage that
A．Keegan spends a lot of time practicing
B．the train pajamas bring Keegan success
C．Keegan's mother worries about his studies
D．Keegan picked up the hobby at the age of 4
【答案】
21．B22．C23．A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁男孩对赛车的热爱和追求并为之努力训练的故事。
21．细节理解题。结合全文内容，如第一段末尾“...climbs into a race car that exceeds 80 mph. He has been doing this since age 8.”（……爬进了一辆速度超80英里每小时的赛车，他从八岁起就一直做这个）可知，他喜欢的是赛车，故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段Keegan父亲的话“Winning races every weekend is not the only key. More importantly, you have to have the right name, you have to look the correct way, speak the correct way, and act the correct way.”可知，每个周末赢得比赛并不是唯一的追求。更重要的是，你要有正确的言行举止，为人处世要得当，C项“美好品质”是对这的准确概括，他父亲看重的是这个，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据原文第五段结尾处“Keegan is at the Birch Run track-practicing, qualifying and racing until 10 p.m. or 2 a.m. While many children spend time playing video games, Keegan runs race simulation training with his joystick after school.”可知Keegan可能会练习赛车直到晚上十点甚至是凌晨两点，当其他孩子都在玩游戏时，他在放学后把时间都花在赛车模拟训练上了。从原文这一内容可知Keegan花了很多的时间练习（赛车），故选A。
Passage 2
Hot Science
The Benefits
Experts have found that there are clear health benefits of drinking tea. Research has led to the discovery that chemicals found in tea can help prevent cell damage. And there is clear evidence that drinking three to four cups of tea a day will reduce the chances of heart attacks and certain cancers. Other health benefits include bone strengthening and protection against bad teeth."Drinking tea is actually better for you than drinking water," said one doctor.
Re-hydration
There was also some interesting information on the qualities of tea. The research dispels the fear that tea is dehydrating(脱水）。＂Everyone assumes that caffeine-containing drinks such as tea dehydrate," a leading expert explained."But even if you had a really strong cup of tea,you would still have a gain of fluid（液体）。In terms of fluid intake,we recommend 1.5 to 2 litres per day,and that can include tea. Tea is not dehydrating. It's a healthy drink."
The Negative Side
There was only one bit of bad news about tea.Research suggests that tea can affect the body's ability to absorb iron from food. This means that people at risk of anaemia(贫血）should avoid drinking tea around mealtimes.
Tea Jokes
Why was the teacher angry with the Teapot?
Because he was "naughtea".
What did the teapot wear to bed?
A"nightea".
Tea Facts
Here are some truly amazing tea facts. Tea·comes from the.leaves of a·tree called camellia sinensis.The tree can grow over 10 metres tall. However, it is cut short so that the leaves can be taken easily.
Tea is grown in India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Argentina, 'Kenya; Japan, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Uganda, Malawi, Turkey, Iran, Brazil and Tanzania. India is the world's largest tea producer.
Eighty percent of the caffeine in tea can be removed by pouring hot water over the leaves.
8．Tea is unable to help prevent
A．heart attacks B．bad teeth C．weak bones D．iron shortage
9．The underlined word "dispel" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A．confirm B．convey C．remove D．raise
10．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Tea is used to cure different diseases.
B．Strong tea cannot relieve human thirst.
C．Tea jokes only work for the tea lovers.
D．Tea bushes are cut short for easy harvest.
【答案】
8．D9．C10．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章用生动的语言分板块分别讲述了饮茶的好处与某些坏处、茶树与茶的知识科普以及有关茶的笑话。
8．细节理解题。在“Benefits”部分中, “three or four cups of tea a day will reduce the chances of heart attacks and certain cancers.（每天喝三到四杯茶可以降低患心脏病和某些癌症的几率。）” “Other health benefits include bone strengthening and protection against bad teeth.（其他的健康益处还包括增强骨骼和防止坏牙。）”可知，饮茶有利于减少心脏问题的发生、增强骨质以及预防牙齿问题。而在“negative side”板块中“This means that people at risk of anaemia(贫血）should avoid drinking tea around mealtimes.”我们可以得知，贫血的人不适宜饮茶，故饮茶会增加缺铁的风险，而不是预防。故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后“the fear that tea is dehydrating(脱水）”可知，人们害怕茶会有脱水的作用。而后文专家的解释中说明了茶并不会起到脱水的作用，茶是一种健康的饮品。故此处的“dispel”应为与打消，消除相近的含义。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段“And there is clear evidence that drinking three to four cups of tea a day will reduce the chances of heart attacks and certain cancers.（有明确的证据表明，每天喝三到四杯茶可以降低心脏病和某些癌症的发病率。）”可知， A选项中“cure different diseases”并未在文中体现，文中只说明饮茶可以预防一些疾病的发生，所以选项A错误。B选项中“cannot”与文意相悖，文中Re-hydration板块中的专家提及即使喝了浓茶也会相当于摄入了人体所需的液体，所以浓茶也可以起到解渴的作用。而C选项中的笑话则是并不饮茶的人也能理解的。故A、B、C选项皆为错误选项。D选项可以定位至Tea facts中的第一条However, it is cut short so that the leaves can be taken easily.，即茶树会被砍短以方便采收。所以选项D的描述正确。故选D。
Passage 3
You might want to take this news standing up. A national survey finds that Americans of all ages are spending more time sitting. Sitting too much——especially when watching television, phones or other screens—can be bad for people’s health, research suggests.
In a new study, researchers analyzed previously collected survey data from more than 50,000 American children, teenagers and adults. The surveys, which went from 2001 through 2016, asked people how much time they spent sitting. People reported sitting a lot. For example, close to two-thirds of children and teens said they sat at least two hours a day watching television or videos. The data also showed that computer use outside of school or work has been increasing across all ages.
Lin Yang is a public-health expert at Alberta Health Services in Calgary, Canada. As an author of the new study, she notes that this trend is not unique to the United States. “Other studies out of Europe and Australia have also found increases in sitting time,” she says. “This includes sitting for work or school as well as driving rather than walking or riding a bike.”
In recent years, inactivity has been seen as an important risk to people’s health. The US Department of Health and Human Services updated its Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans last year. It now stresses new research about the dangers of too much sitting. “This new version recommends Americans not only move more, but also sit less,” Yang says.
Though Americans sit a lot due to screen time, they can make use of it to reduce its risk to health. Erin O’Loughlin, an exercise psychologist at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada, studies how active video games—sometimes called “exergames”—can help kids move more. That may be good news for Americans. “Sports are great. But you don’t have to play sports if that’s not your thing,” she says. To up your active time, she recommends finding what attracts you. “If you like screen time, try to mix it with physical activity,” she says. “You can do this by playing active video games.”
4．What did researchers do in the new study?
A．They collected worldwide data. B．They improved participants’ health.
C．They did analysis on previous data. D．They observed people watch videos.
5．What do the underlined words “this trend” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Sitting in different places. B．Lack of outdoor exercise.
C．The increase in sitting time. D．The decrease of screen time.
6．What is Erin O’Loughlin’s idea about the way to move more?
A．Combined ones come first. B．Interest actually matters a lot.
C．The easiest one is the best. D．The more challenging, the better.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Take Measures to Cut Down Sitting Time
B．Stand Instead of Sitting in Front of Screens
C．Americans Should Limit Their Screen Time
D．Screen Time Brings Health Risk to Americans
【答案】
4．C5．C6．B7．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。屏幕时间导致美国人坐立的时间更久，而这会威胁他们的健康。因此，专家建议美国人应该多动少坐，而心理学家建议人们可以将运动和屏幕时间相结合。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a new study, researchers analyzed previously collected survey data from more than 50000 American children, teenagers and adults.(在一项新的研究中，研究人员分析了之前收集的50000多名美国儿童、青少年和成年人的调查数据。)”可知，在新的研究中，研究者们对之前的数据进行了分析。故选C。
5．词义猜测题。根据画线词后“…is not unique to the United States. ‘Other studies out of Europe and Australia have also found increases in sitting time,’(……并非美国独有。“欧洲和澳大利亚的其他研究也发现人们坐着的时间增加了，”)”可推断，画线部分指代“坐立时间的增加”。 故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段、尤其是“To up your active time，she recommends finding what attracts you.(为了增加你的活动时间，她建议找到吸引你的东西。)”可知，Erin O’Loughlin关于“多动的方法”的观点是“兴趣很重要”。 故选B。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文、尤其是文章第一段“ A national survey finds that Americans of all ages are spending more time sitting. Sitting too much——especially when watching television, phones or other screens—can be bad for people’s health, research suggests.”可知，一项全国调查发现，所有年龄段的美国人坐着的时间都在增加。研究表明，久坐——尤其是看电视、手机或其他屏幕时——可能对人体健康有害。所以“Screen Time Brings Health Risk to Americans(长时间看电视给美国人带来健康风险)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
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