备战2021年中考英语专项知识 考点15 现在完成时

这是一份备战2021年中考英语专项知识 考点15 现在完成时，文件包含考点15现在完成时-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过原卷版doc、考点15现在完成时-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共23页， 欢迎下载使用。
对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。
现在完成时基本结构：
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
②否定句：主语+have/has+nt+动词的过去分词）+宾语.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）
过去分词变化规则如下：
1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：
（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。
wrk→wrked→wrkedvisit→visited→visited
（2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。
live→lived→lived
（3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。
study→studied→studiedcry→cried→cried
（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。
stp→stpped→stppeddrp→drpped→drpped
2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
cut→cut→cutit→hit→hit
现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already psted the pht.
我已经把照片寄走了。强调pst对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与fr(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
注意：fr和since的用法。
①fr + 时间段 译为：……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ag
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, jin, lse...)与fr 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：
cme/arrive/reach/get t→be in g ut→be ut finish→be ver
pen→be pen die→be dead buy→have
Fall ill→be ill Cme back→be back Put n→be n/wear
Wrry→be wrried Catch a cld→have a cld
现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂fr+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如：
We have lived in this city fr mre than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。
We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。
从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, wrk, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。
2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：
I’ve just fund this library bk. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
Hw beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better vice.
她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。
3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up t nw, s far等。如：
Hw have yu been recently? 你近来状况如何？
The famus writer has written a new bk in the past tw years.
那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。
Have yu seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？
The Brwns have visited a lt f places in China s far.
迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。
注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ag等
现在完成时与一般过去时区别
1. 侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：
I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）
I saw the film three days ag.
三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）
Mr Green has bught a new cmputer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）
Mr Green bught a new cmputer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）
2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，befre等副词以及＂fr+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ag＂，just nw，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
She has lived here since tw years ag. 她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here tw years ag. 两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League fr three years. 他入团已经三年了。
Tm wrte a letter t his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Every student _________________ (see) the film already.
2. Kent and I __________________ (write) a sng befre.
3. Dick _______________ (d) the wrk these days.
4. The peple in the muntains ________ never ________ (see) films.
5. Patty _______________ (buy) a magazine abut the schl life.
6. The actress ________________ (live) here all her life.
7. The glass is brken. Wh ________ (break) this glass?
8. Finally the wrkers ______________ (finish) that jb.
9. ________ yu ________ (brrw) the bk we talked abut last time?
10. There’s n mre wine in the bttle. They ________ (drink) all f it.
二、单项选择
1. —Recently, schl vilence _________ in sme schls.
—Luckily, ur gvernment has carried ut sme plicies t stp it.
A. has appearedB. appearedC. will appear D. appears
2. Andy, with his parents, _________ Hng Kng, and sme shpping _________ by
them.
A. have gne t; will d B. has gne t; will be dne
C. have been t; will d D. has been t; d
3. —It’s time t wrk nw.
—OK. I’ll wake Carl up. He _________ fr an hur.
A. has fallen asleep B. has been asleep C. fell asleep D. falls asleep
4. —When will yu hand in yur bk reprt?
—Srry, I’m nt sure. I _________ writing it yet.
A. didn’t finish B. dn’t finish C. hadn’t finished D. haven’t finished
5. My pen pal said he wuld write t me, but I _________ any letters frm him s far.
A. wn’t receive B. haven’t received C. hadn’t received D. didn’t receive
1. 【2020 •北京市】We ________ each ther since I came t Beijing, but we send emails very ften.
A. dn't seeB. didn't seeC. wn't seeD. haven't seen
2. 【2020 •贵州省安顺市】Since 1990, Prject Hpe ________ millins f students frm pr families realize their dreams.
A. will helpB. has helpedC. helps
3. 【2020 •贵州铜仁市】—Maria, what d yu think f Munt Fanjing?
—Very cl. I________ there nce. I’d like t g there again.
A. has beenB. have beenC. have gneD. has gne
4. 【2020 •黑龙江哈尔滨市】—Hi, Jill. I ________ in my math since yu shared yur gd experience with me.
—Great! Cngratulatins!
A. have made rapid prgressB. made rapid prgressC. will make rapid prgress
5. 【2020 •四川省成都市】Bb, yu ________in this city since 2018. Hw d yu like it?
A. livedB. liveC. have lived
6. 【2020 •凉山州】--It's 20 years since we came back t Liangshan.
--Hw time flies! We ___________ in ur hmetwn fr such a lng time.
A. wrkB. wrkedC. has wrkedD. have wrked
7. 【2020 •甘肃武威市】I ________ the guitar ever since I was 8 years ld.
A. playedB. have playedC. am playingD. will play
8. 【2020 •河北省】I’m s glad that I nearly half f the test nw.
A. finishB. finishedC. will finishD. have finished
9. 【2020 •南通市】Mr Jiang _______ the cmpany t develp the 5G netwrk fr years. Nw he wrks as the chief engineer in it.
A. jinedB. was a member f
C. has jinedD. has been a member f
10. 【2020 •江苏泰州市】Sme primary and secndary schls ________ winter sprts t their curses since Beijing wn the right t hst the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
A. addedB. will addC. have addedD. were adding
11. 【2020 •镇江市】—Mum, I want t watch the news abut ur schl. Change the channel, please!
—What a pity! It is eight 'clck nw. It___________ fr a while.
A. has been verB. was verC. has finishedD. finished
12. 【2020 •辽宁丹东】—Mum, where is dad?
—He ________ the supermarket.
A. was ging tB. has gne tC. has been tD. is ging t
13. 【2020 •山东日照】—Let's g fr a walk.
—But I ________ my wrk yet.
A. dn't finishB. wn't finishC. didn't finishD. haven't finished
14. 【2020 •昆明市】Since 1989, Prject Hpe________millins f yung peple frm pr families achieve their dreams f ging t schl.
A. will helpB. helpsC. has helpedD. is helping
15.【2020 •安徽省】— The air here is much fresher than befre.
—Exactly! We a lt f trees in the past few years.
A．plantedB．were plantingC．have plantedD．will plant
16. 【2020 •福建省】Han Mei, a gd friend f mine, ________ me a lt with my English in the past three years.
A．helpsB．helpedC．has helped
17. 【2020 •四川攀枝花】—Where is yur uncle? I haven't seen him fr a lng time.
—Oh, he_____________ Sydney.
A．went tB．has been tC．has gne tD．ges t
18. 【2020 •四川省遂宁市】— The new shirt lks gd n yu. When did yu buy it?
—On July 7th. I________ it fr a week.
A．have bughtB．have hadC．bughtD．buy
19. 【2020天津市•】—The bk is ppular. ________ yu ________ it yet?
—Yes, I have.
A．Are; readingB．Were; readingC．Have; readD．Will; read
20. 【2020•湖北省恩施州】I like nvels written by J. K. Rwling. S far I ________all her wrks abut Harry Ptter.
A．have readB．readC．am reading
21. 【2020•鄂州市】—What d yu usually d in yur spare time?
—I ften g t ur cmmunity library. It ________ fr tw years in rder t encurage us t read mre.
A. pensB. has penedC. has been penedD. has been pen
22.【2020•武汉市】In the past 70 years, China________histric changes and made great achievements.
A. experiencedB. experiences
C. has experiencedD. wuld experience
23. 【2020•湖北省咸宁市】—Prject Hpe celebrated its 30 birthday in 2019.
—Yeah. It ___________ children frm pr families the chance t g t schl since 1989.
A fferedB. has fferedC. is fferedD. is ffering
24. 【2020•孝感市】S far, the number f peple using 5G mbile phnes __________ a lt.
A. is increasingB. are increasingC. has increasedD. have increased
25. 【2020•湖北省宜昌市】—Hw abut the third seasn f dcumentary Aerial China（航拍中国）?
—Great. I____________ it twice.
A. watchedB. watchC. will watchD. have watched
26. 【2020•湘西土家族苗族自治州】— Tina, is yur father a teacher?
— Yes, he is. He ___________ English fr nearly 20 years.
A. is teachingB. teachC. has taught
27.【2020 •内蒙古包头市】Crn prductin ______ nearly 125 percent ver the past 25 years in China.
A．jumpedB．jumpsC．will jumpD．has jumped
1.【2020•北京市101中学三模】 Jhn speaks Chinese very well because he in China fr many years．
A. livesB. has livedC. livedD. is living
2. 【2020•安徽省合肥市庐阳区二模】 —When will yu hand in yur reprt, Sarah?
— Srry, I _________it. Tmrrw will be OK.
A. dn’t cmpleteB. wn't cmpleteC. haven't cmpletedD. didn't cmplete
3. 【2020•福建省龙岩市二模】—Huawei great prgress in recent years.
—That's true. It is amng the wrld's tp 10 cmpanies nw.
A. is makingB. has madeC. makes
4. 【2020•湖南省长沙市一模】— Yu lk pale. Are yu sick?
— Yes. I dn't feel well. My sister was sick several days ag and I am afraid she________ me her cld.
A. was givingB. will giveC. has given
5.【2020•江苏省南通市海门市二模】 — I remember that Mr.Green nce traveled brad.
— Nt nly Mr.Green but als his daughters ______ abrad twice.
A. have gneB. have beenC. has gneD. has been
6. 【2020•北京市昌平区二模】I am a little heavier than 6 mnths ag. I ________ exercises since January.
A. didn't dB. haven't dneC. am nt dingD. wn't d
7. 【2020•北京市丰台区三模】 Tm’s mther _________ his rm already. It is very clean.
A. has cleanedB. cleanedC. will cleanD. is cleaning
8.【2020•北京市朝阳区中考零模】It’s nice t see yu again. We ______ each ther fr a lng time.
A. didn’t seeB. haven’t seenC. wn’t seeD. dn’t see
9. 【2020•北京市门头沟一模】 My uncle ________ here since 1996.
A. wrksB. wrkedC. has wrkedD. will wrk