2021小升初英语总复习 第三部分 句型巩固 第二节 疑问句
展开第三部分 句 型 巩 固
第二节 疑问句
一、疑问句的概念、分类疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。它分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种,在书写时句末用问号。因小学阶段比较少出现反意疑问句,反意疑问句也不在重点考查范围内,因此本章节重点分析一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句,不讨论反意疑问句。如:
一般疑问句:Is this yur classrm? 这是你的教室吗?特殊疑问句:What is yur name?你叫什么名字?选择疑问句:Is yur friend a by r a girl?你的朋友是男孩还是女孩?
二、一般疑问句1. 一般疑问句的概念一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实,答句通常由“yes”或“n”引导,所以一般疑问句又称作“是非问句”,即“Yes/N questins”。朗读一般疑问句时用升调,而一般疑问句的简略答语则用降调。
2. 将陈述句改为一般疑问句的方法(1) 当句中含有be动词、情态动词时,只要把这些词提前至句首,再将句号改为问号即可。如:He is frm England.→Is he frm England? 他来自英国。→他是来自英国吗?
They are wrking hard.→Are they wrking hard? 他们很努力工作。→他们努力工作吗?Mike and Jhn can d kung fu.→Can Mike and Jhn d kung fu? 迈克和约翰会打功夫。→迈克和约翰会打功夫吗?
【注】①将陈述句改为疑问句的时候,一般要将第一人称改为第二人称。如:I am ding my hmewrk.→Are yu ding yur hmewrk?我正在写家庭作业。→你正在写家庭作业吗?He is ur new teacher.→Is he yur new teacher? 他是我们的新老师。→他是你们的新老师吗?
②对一般疑问句的回答要简洁,在yes,n之后,要用人称代词来代替问句中的主语。如:A: Were Mike and Jhn sick last week? 上周迈克和约翰是不是生病了?B: Yes, they were. 是的,他们是。(2) 当谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上相应的助动词d,des或did。加上这些助动词后,句子中的谓语动词必须用原形。如:
I g t schl by subway.→D yu g t schl by subway? 我坐地铁去上学。→你坐地铁去上学吗?Mike likes swimming.→Des Mike like swimming?迈克喜欢游泳。→迈克喜欢游泳吗?My mther read a magazine yesterday afternn.→Did yur mther read a magazine yesterday afternn? 昨天下午我妈妈看了一本杂志。→昨天下午你妈妈看了一本杂志吗?
(3)在把陈述句变成一般疑问句的时候,若句中有sme,smething,smebdy等词,要将其变成any,anything,anybdy等。如:There is sme water in the glass.→Is there any water in the glass? 玻璃杯里有一些水。→玻璃杯里有水吗?Smebdy is waiting fr me near the gate.→Is anybdy waiting fr yu near the gate? 有人在门口旁边等我。→有人在门口旁边等你吗?
【注】①当sme 是某些固定搭配词组的组成部分时,则无须变化。这样的词组包括d sme shpping,d sme cleaning, d sme washing, d sme reading等。如:I d sme shpping with my aunt n Saturday.→D yu d sme shpping with yur aunt n Saturday?星期六我和我阿姨去购物了。→星期天你和你阿姨去购物了吗?
②在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的疑问句中,通常用sme而不用any。如:I wuld like sme ndles.→Wuld yu like sme ndles? 我想要一些面条。→你想要一些面条吗?
三、特殊疑问句1. 特殊疑问句的概念以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句,叫作特殊疑问句。常见的特殊疑问词包括:what(什么),when(什么时候),where(哪里),why(为什么),hw(怎么样),which(哪一个),wh(谁),whse(谁的); 另外还有一些特殊疑问词组,如:what time(什么时间),what clur(什么颜色),what size(什么尺码),
hw many/much(多少),hw lng (多长;多久),hw tall(多高),hw heavy(多重),hw ften(多久一次)等。
2. 常见的特殊疑问词(组)及其用法(1)what:用于对指物的名词或动词短语提问。如:This is an range.→What is this? 这是一个橙子。→这是什么?I am ging t play the guitar.→What are yu ging t d? 我打算弹吉他。→你打算干什么?
(2) when:用于对时间提问。如:I read English early in the mrning.→When d yu read English? 早上我很早就读英语。→你什么时候读英语?
Jhn went t the cinema at 8:00 last night.→When did Jhn g t the cinema last night? 昨天晚上约翰8点钟去电影院。→昨天晚上约翰什么时候去电影院?(3)where:用于对地点提问。如:I am frm China.→Where are yu frm? 我来自中国。→你来自哪里?
(4)why:用于对事情的原因提问。如:I g t wrk by subway, because it is fast.→Why d yu g t wrk by subway?我坐地铁去上班,因为它很快。→你为什么坐地铁去上班?
(5)hw:用于对方式或程度等提问。如:I g t schl n ft.→Hw d yu g t schl? 我走路去上学。→你怎么样去上学?(6)which:用于对名词前的修饰词提问,而且必须和名词连用。如:I want the big backpack.→Which backpack d yu want?我想要这个大的背包。→你想要哪一个背包?
The wman with a handbag is Miss Green.→Which wman is Miss Green?拿着手提袋的那位女士是格林小姐。→哪一位女士是格林小姐?The taller man is Mr Black.→Which man is Mr Black? 那位更高的男士是布莱克先生。→哪位男士是布莱克先生?
(7)wh:用于对人提问,作宾语时可用whm代替。如:My sister is drawing a hrse.→Wh is drawing a hrse?我妹妹正在画一匹马。→谁正在画一匹马?I ften play with Lucy after schl.→Wh/Whm d yu ften play with after schl?放学后我经常和露西一起玩。→放学后你经常和谁一起玩?
【注】用wh对主语提问时,后面的谓语动词或助动词一般要用第三人称单数形式。
(8) whse:用于对物主代词和名词所有格提问,通常和名词连用。如:Mike's cat is n the chair.→Whse cat is n the chair?迈克的大衣在椅子上。→谁的大衣在椅子上?(9) what time:用于对时刻提问。如:It's 6:40 nw.→What time is it nw? 现在是6点40分。→现在是几点钟?
(10)what clur:用于对颜色提问。如:The curtain is yellw.→ What clur is the curtain?窗帘是黄色的。→窗帘是什么颜色的?(11) hw many:用于对可数名词的数量提问。如:I see tw hundred rabbits n the farm.→Hw many rabbits d yu see n the farm?我看见两百只兔子在农场上。→你在农场上看见多少只兔子?
There is ne duck in the river.→Hw many ducks are there in the river? 河里有一只鸭子。→河里有多少只鸭子?【注】hw many必须接名词的复数形式。(12) hw much:用于对价格提问,以及对不可数名词的数量提问。如:
The pen is 12 yuan.→Hw much is the pen?这支钢笔12元。→这支钢笔多少钱?I bught 2 bttles f juice.→Hw much juice did yu buy? 我买了两瓶果汁。→你买了多少果汁?
(13)hw lng:用于对长度或一段时间提问;hw tall:用于对高度提问;hw heavy:用于对重量提问。如:The ruler is 2 metres lng.→Hw lng is the ruler?这把尺子两米长。→这把尺子有多长?I stay in Shanghai fr three days.→Hw lng d yu stay in Shanghai? 我在上海待了三天。→你在上海待了多长时间?
Mike is 158 cm tall.→Hw tall is Mike? 迈克身高158厘米。→迈克有多高?I'm 51 kg.→Hw heavy are yu? 我体重51千克。→你有多重?(14)hw ften:用于对时间频率提问。如:I water the flwers nce a day.→Hw ften d yu water the flwers?我每天浇花一次。→你多久浇一次花?
(15)hw far:用于对距离提问。如:It's abut tw kilmetres frm here t the cuntry.→Hw far is it frm here t the cuntry? 农村离这里大约有2公里。→农村离这里大约有多远?
(16)对日期、星期几、天气等提问,则分别用:问日期:What's the date tday? 今天是几月几日?问星期几:What day is it tday? 今天星期几?问天气:What's the weather like tday?=Hw's the weather tday? 今天天气怎么样?=今天天气怎么样?
四、选择疑问句选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。这类疑问句由两部分组成:疑问句+选项A+r+选项B?如:Is yur pen pal a by r a girl?你的笔友是男孩还是女孩?D yu like playing ftball,basketball r baseball? 你喜欢踢足球,打篮球还是打棒球呢?
Which flwer d yu like, the pink ne r the purple ne? 你喜欢哪一朵花,粉色的还是紫色的?【注】一般的选择疑问句不能用“yes”或“n”回答,而要作选择回答。如:A: Is yur pen pal a by r a girl?你的笔友是男孩还是女孩?B: A girl. 女孩。但是,也有例外。如:
A: Shall we walk r g by bus?我们是走路去还是坐公共汽车去呢?B: N, we shall g by taxi. 不,我们应该坐出租车去。
【例1】Listen and chse. 听问句,选择最合适的应答句,并将其字母编号填在括号内。( )1. A. It is range. B. It is an range. ( )2. A. It's abut 15 cm lng. B. It's abut 1.5 m tall.
听力材料:1. What clur is the bike? 2. Hw lng is the fish? 解析:本题考查特殊疑问词组所构成的特殊疑问句。这要求学生熟记各疑问词组的意思和用法, 同时根据问句分析,选择正确答句是关键。第1小题问句中的What clur涉及颜色; 第2小题问句中的Hw lng与长度相关。 答案: 1. A 2. A
一、Read and fill. 用适当的特殊疑问词组填空。1. A: ________________ is yur schlbag?B: Blue. 2. A: ________________ d yu get up n the weekend? B: At 8:00 a.m. 3. A: ______________ d yu wear?B: I wear Size L. 4. A: ______________ is it tday?B: It's Friday.
二、Read and fill. 用适当的特殊疑问词填空。1. A: __________ bike is that? B: It's Mike's. 2. A: __________ is my mbile phne (手机)?B: It's n the sfa.3. A: __________ is yur father?B: He's fine. 4. A: __________ umbrella is yurs? B: The blue ne. 5. A: __________ d yu like summer?B: Because I can g swimming.
【例2】Ask and Answer. 根据答句写问句,使对话合理、通顺。1. A: Sammy, there is a cat ver there. ______________________________________B: Maybe it's Ben's. His cat is green. 2. A: There was an NBA basketball game n TV last night. ______________________________________B: N, I had much hmewrk t d.
解析:这类题主要考查根据答句写出问句的能力,要求学生读懂答句的句意和语境,写出符合语境的问句。第1题答句中的Ben's是物主代词,故应用whse提问。第2题答句用n回答,所以问题是一般疑问句。 答案:1. Whse cat is it? 2. Did yu watch it?
三、Read and write. 就画线部分提问。1. I can run with yu. ___________________________________________________2. The pair f shes is 98 yuan. ___________________________________________________3. Jasn wants the brwn cat. ___________________________________________________
What can yu d?
Hw much is the pair f shes?
Which cat des Jasn want?
四、Ask and answer. 根据答句写问句,使对话合理、通顺。Sam: Mum, what's the weather like tday? 1.________________Mum: Yes, it is. S yu shuld wear sme warm clthes.Sam: OK. 2.______________________________________Mum: It's 5:00 : I want t play basketball. Where is my ball? 3.______________________________________Mum: N, it's nt under yur bed. It's behind the dr.
What time is it nw?
Is it under my bed?
一、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. Sam: _____ is yur shirt?Tm: It's black and white. A. What B. What clur C. Which ( )2. Sarah: _____ rm is it?Amy: It's Mike's. A. What B. Which C. Whse( )3. Jhn: _____ rm is Lucy's?Lily: The pink ne. A. What B. Which C. Whse
( )4. _____ yu like sme milk? A. Are B. Can C. Wuld ( )5. Zip: _____ cups f tea d yu want?Zm: Tw. A. Hw many B. Hw much C. Hw far( )6. Chen Jie: _____ tea d yu want?Lucy: Tw cups. A. Hw many B. Hw much C. Hw far
( )7. Will she _____ tmrrw? A. cme B. cmes C. cming( )8. _____ yu _____ swimming this Saturday?A. Will; g t B. Will; g C. Will; ging( )9. Tm: _____?Mum: It's 5:00 What day is it B. What time is it C. Hw much is it( )10. Hw many _____ can yu see? A. bird B. birds C. a bird
二、Read and fill. 用适当的特殊疑问词(组)填空。1. A: __________ bk is n the chair? B: Mike's. 2. A: __________ bk is Mike's? B: The ne n the chair. 3. A: __________ is Mike's bk? B: On the chair. 4. A: ________________ is the bag? B: Blue. 5. A: ________________ is the bag? B: 180 yuan. 6. A: ________________ is yur father? B: He's 40. 7. A: __________ is Mike? B: He's nt well.
8. A: __________ girl is Amy?B: The girl in red. 9. A: __________ is the girl in the red T-shirt?B: Amy. 10. A: _______________ d yu water the flwers?B: Twice a week (一周两次).
三、Read and write. 将下列陈述句改为一般疑问句。1. I'm putting n my clthes. ______________________________________________2. She leaves hme very early. ______________________________________________3. My sister ften des her hmewrk at hme. ______________________________________________
Are yu putting n yur clthes?
Des she leave hme very early?
Des yur sister ften d her hmewrk at hme?
4. He is tw years lder than his sister. ______________________________________________5. Tm has lunch at schl every day. ______________________________________________6. I did my hmewrk at schl yesterday. ______________________________________________
Is he tw years lder than his sister?
Des Tm have lunch at schl every day?
Did yu d yur hmewrk at schl yesterday?
四、Read and write. 就画线部分提问。1. She des exercise at hme in the evening. ______________________________________________2. He's ging t a party n Saturday evening. ______________________________________________3. She writes t her parents nce a week. ______________________________________________
What des she d at hme in the evening?
When is he ging t a party?
Hw ften des she write t her parents?
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