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2021小升初英语总复习 第二部分 词类梳理 第五节形容词和副词
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这是一份2021小升初英语总复习 第二部分 词类梳理 第五节形容词和副词，共49页。PPT课件主要包含了续 表，2不规则变化，later，latest，thinner，thinnest，easier，easiest，good well，short等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第二部分 词 类 梳 理
第五节 形容词和副词
一、形容词1. 形容词是用来修饰名词的词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或程度好坏等。2. 形容词可以直接修饰名词，意为“……的”。如：a gd student 一位好学生 a busy bee 一只忙碌的蜜蜂3. 形容词也可以放在句末。如：That girl is smart. 那个女孩很聪明。
二、副词1. 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。2. 副词表示动作是“……地”，一般放在动词之后。如：The girls sing happily. 女孩子们唱得很开心。Je draws very well. 乔画得很好。【注】在be，feel，smell，taste，get，becme，sund，lk，turn等连系动词之后，应该用形容词而不是副词。如：
I feel sad when I see the film. 看那部电影时我感到很伤心。Yu lk terrible. What's the matter？ 你看起来心情很差。发生什么事了？The fd tastes delicius. 食物尝起来很美味。
三、形容词变副词的规则1. 大部分形容词在其词尾直接加-ly变为副词。如：quiet→quietly helpful→helpfully slw→slwly careful→carefully quick→quickly【注】此类以-ly结尾的副词变比较级时，在前面加mre。如：quiet→mre quietlyslw→mre slwly
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，然后再加-ly变为副词。如：busy→busilyeasy→easily3. 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e，然后再加-y或-ly变为副词。如：gentle→gentlytrue→truly【注】(1)部分名词加-ly变为副词。如：part→partly(部分地)
(2)并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词，有的名词加ly是形容词。如：friend→friendly(友好的) mther→mtherly(慈母般的)father→fatherly(父亲般的) sister→sisterly(姐妹般的)brther→brtherly(兄弟般的) lve→lvely(可爱的)
(3)有些名词加-y变为形容词。若名词以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母，需双写该辅音字母再加-y。如：rain→rainy snw→snwy clud→cludywind→windy fg→fggy sun→sunnysalt→saltyluck→lucky health→healthy
四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1. 原级（即原形）；2. 比较级，意为“更……”；3. 最高级，意为“最……”。
1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则(1)规则变化
【注】形容词最高级前一般要加the。2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(1)比较级常用于两者之间的比较，一般结构为：主语＋谓语＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋其他。同时，在比较级前可以用much，rather，a little，even等表示程度的副词修饰。如：She is taller than me. 她比我高。
He runs faster than Tm. 他跑得比汤姆快。This huse is much bigger than that ne. 这间房子比那间要大得多。 Lily is a little thinner than Lucy. 莉莉比露西瘦一点。
(2)“形容词比较级＋and＋形容词比较级”，意为“越来越……”。如：It is getting htter and htter. 天气变得越来越热了。(3)“the＋形容词比较级，the＋形容词比较级”，意为“越……，就越……”。如：The mre， the better. 越多越好。(4)最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，表示人或物在某个范围内“最……”。如：
Jack is the cleverest student in the class. 杰克是班上最聪明的学生。Shanghai is ne f the biggest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。【注】(1)形容词和副词的原级可以用“as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as”结构对两者进行比较，意为“……和……一样……”。其否定形式为“nt as/s＋形容词或副词的原级＋as”，意为“……不如/没有……”。如：
Lily is as ld as Lucy. 莉莉和露西一样大。Tm is nt as/s clever as Jim. 汤姆不像吉姆那样聪明。(2)副词的最高级前面的the可以省略。如：She is the best singer in ur schl. She sings (the) best. 她是我们学校最好的歌手。她唱得最好。
【例1】Read and write. 请仔细观察下面左排的单词，根据其变化规则写出右排所缺的单词。1. big→bigger ht→__________2. new→ld early→__________3. gd→best much→__________4. happy→happily easy→__________
解析:此类题考查形容词和副词的变换形式，涉及形容词与副词间的转换及其比较级、最高级、反义词等。答案：1. htter 2. late 3. mst 4. easily
一、Read and write. 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级。1. late→____________→________________2. thin→____________→________________3. easy→____________→________________ 4. useful→_________________→________________
二、Read and judge. 根据画线部分的形容词判断下列句子的说法是否正确，正确的在括号内画“√”，错误的画“×”。1. The days are lnger in summer than that in winter. ( )2. The elephants are the biggest animals in the wrld. ( )3. Watching t much TV is always bad fr children. ( )
【例2】Read, chse and fill. 选词填空。Ya Ming is a __________ basketball player. He plays basketball__________.
解析: gd作形容词，意为“出色的”。well作副词，意为“好地；出色地”。形容词修饰名词，放在名词之前；副词放在动词之后，也起修饰作用。答案：gd； well
【例3】Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。Is the bx light r __________？
解析:选择疑问句的选项是一组反义词，light在此意为“轻的”，故其反义词为“heavy”。答案：heavy
三、Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。1. The days are lng in summer and the nights are __________.2. The dictinary is thick， but the exercise bk is __________.3. It is cld in winter, but it's very __________ in summer.
四、Read, chse and fill. 选词填空。1. She is a _______________ girl.2. My bk is _______________ than yurs. 3. Hw _______________ the rain is！
heavy, newer, lvely
【例4】Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Amy sings__________. Sarah sings__________ than Amy. Chen Jie sings__________ in ur schl. (well)
解析:此题考查副词比较级及最高级的用法。第一句话陈述一般性事实，没有相互之间的比较，因而用副词原级well修饰动词sing。第二句话有than这个比较级标志，此句空格上应填well的比较级better来修饰动词sing。第三句话中有表范围的介词短语in ur schl，此句修饰sing的副词应是well的最高级best。答案：well；better；best
【例5】Read and write. 请用比较级将下面两句话合并成一句。I'm 11 years ld. My sister is 8 years ld. _________________________________________________________
解析:此题中的两个句子给出的是一组对比关系，所以，可以用比较级句式将其组合成一句话。答案：I'm 3 years lder than my sister./My sister is 3 years yunger than me.
五、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. Of all my family members， my brther is _____. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest( )2. Nw Bb is _____ than he was. A. mre careful B. much careful C. mre carefully( )3. The fd smells _____. Yu can't eat it. A. delicius B. bad C. badly
六、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. I'm 135 cm tall. My sister is 135 cm tall， t. (用同级表达)______________________________________________________2. Tm is 13 years ld. Jim is 14 years ld. (用比较级表达)______________________________________________________
I'm as tall as my sister./My sister is as tall as me.
Tm is 1 year yunger than Jim./Jim is 1 year lder than Tm.
一、Read and write. 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级(省略the)。1. lng→___________→___________2. heavy→___________→___________3. wide→___________→___________ 4. brightly→__________________→_________________5. fat→___________→___________ 6. lvely→___________________→___________________
mre brightly
mst brightly
7. early→_____________→_____________ 8. interesting→___________________→ _____________9. slw→_____________→_____________ 10. fast→_____________→_____________11. much→_____________→_____________ 12. ht→_____________→_____________13. many→_____________→_____________ 14. yung→_____________→_____________
mre interesting
mst interesting
15. strng→_____________→_____________ 16. shrt→_____________→_____________17. well→_____________→_____________ 18. gd→_____________→_____________19. thin→_____________→_____________ 20. bad→_____________→_____________
二、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. Peter is taller than any ther bys in his class. （用最高级表达）___________________________________________________2. Sarah's schlbag is bigger than mine. （同义句转换）___________________________________________________
Peter is the tallest f all the bys in his class.
My schlbag is smaller than Sarah's.
3. He is 140 cm tall. His sister is 140 cm tall，t. （合并为一句话，用同级表达）_________________________________________________4. Her dress is much cheaper than mine. （同义句转换）_________________________________________________
His sister is as tall as him./He is as tall as his sister.
My dress is much mre expensive than hers.
三、Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Lucy is _________________ (thin) than her friend. 2. Winter is the _________________ (cld) seasn f the year. 3. The _________________ (cheap) bags are usually nt the best nes.4. It smells _________________ (terrible).5. Dick is _____________ at music, and he als des __________ in sprts. (well)
6. Things are getting __________ and __________. (bad)7. Which is __________ (heavy)， the elephant r the tiger？8. I eat __________ (much) fd than yu.9. Tm runs __________. But Jhn runs __________ in their class. (fast)10. This ruler is nt as __________ (lng) as that ne.
四、Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。1. There isn't much tea in the bttle. There is __________. 2. The desks aren't dirty. They are __________.3. Is he right r __________？4. Mary's cat is cheap, but her shes are s __________.
五、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. This park is _____ than that ne.A. large B. larger C. largest( )2. Mike jumps _____ than Mary. A. mre high B. mre higher C. much higher( )3. My father is _____ than my uncle. A. ld B. lder C. ldest
( )4. The desk is _____， and the table is _____, t. A. big； big B. bigger； bigger C. big； biggest( )5. Jenny sings the sng_____. A. happy B. happiness C. happily( )6. The schl is_____ newer than that ne. A. much B. many C. mre
( )7. Yu can see the hspital _____.A. easily B. easy C. mre easy( )8. Of all my friends， Kate is _____ ne. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest( )9. She can d it _____ me.A. as gd as B. as well as C. s gd as( )10. She feels _____ when she cmes in men's tilet （厕所）. A. sadly B. sad C. sadness
六、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. 这本书跟那本书一样有用。(汉译英)____________________________________________________2. 今天比昨天热得多。(汉译英)____________________________________________________3. 萨拉是我们班最矮的学生。(汉译英)____________________________________________________
This bk is as useful as that ne.
It is much htter tday than it was yesterday.
Sarah is the shrtest student in ur class.
4. I am 50 kg heavy. Sue is 50 kg heavy， t. (合并为一句话，用同级表达)_________________________________________________5. The blue bx is 5 kg. The white bx is 6 kg. The black bx is 7 kg. (合并为一句话，用最高级表达)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am as heavy as Sue./Sue is as heavy as me.
The black bx is the heaviest f the three./The blue bx is the lightest f the three.
七、Read and fill. 根据下面表格中的信息补全句子。
第二部分 词 类 梳 理
第五节 形容词和副词
一、形容词1. 形容词是用来修饰名词的词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或程度好坏等。2. 形容词可以直接修饰名词，意为“……的”。如：a gd student 一位好学生 a busy bee 一只忙碌的蜜蜂3. 形容词也可以放在句末。如：That girl is smart. 那个女孩很聪明。
二、副词1. 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。2. 副词表示动作是“……地”，一般放在动词之后。如：The girls sing happily. 女孩子们唱得很开心。Je draws very well. 乔画得很好。【注】在be，feel，smell，taste，get，becme，sund，lk，turn等连系动词之后，应该用形容词而不是副词。如：
I feel sad when I see the film. 看那部电影时我感到很伤心。Yu lk terrible. What's the matter？ 你看起来心情很差。发生什么事了？The fd tastes delicius. 食物尝起来很美味。
三、形容词变副词的规则1. 大部分形容词在其词尾直接加-ly变为副词。如：quiet→quietly helpful→helpfully slw→slwly careful→carefully quick→quickly【注】此类以-ly结尾的副词变比较级时，在前面加mre。如：quiet→mre quietlyslw→mre slwly
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，然后再加-ly变为副词。如：busy→busilyeasy→easily3. 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e，然后再加-y或-ly变为副词。如：gentle→gentlytrue→truly【注】(1)部分名词加-ly变为副词。如：part→partly(部分地)
(2)并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词，有的名词加ly是形容词。如：friend→friendly(友好的) mther→mtherly(慈母般的)father→fatherly(父亲般的) sister→sisterly(姐妹般的)brther→brtherly(兄弟般的) lve→lvely(可爱的)
(3)有些名词加-y变为形容词。若名词以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母，需双写该辅音字母再加-y。如：rain→rainy snw→snwy clud→cludywind→windy fg→fggy sun→sunnysalt→saltyluck→lucky health→healthy
四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1. 原级（即原形）；2. 比较级，意为“更……”；3. 最高级，意为“最……”。
1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则(1)规则变化
【注】形容词最高级前一般要加the。2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(1)比较级常用于两者之间的比较，一般结构为：主语＋谓语＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋其他。同时，在比较级前可以用much，rather，a little，even等表示程度的副词修饰。如：She is taller than me. 她比我高。
He runs faster than Tm. 他跑得比汤姆快。This huse is much bigger than that ne. 这间房子比那间要大得多。 Lily is a little thinner than Lucy. 莉莉比露西瘦一点。
(2)“形容词比较级＋and＋形容词比较级”，意为“越来越……”。如：It is getting htter and htter. 天气变得越来越热了。(3)“the＋形容词比较级，the＋形容词比较级”，意为“越……，就越……”。如：The mre， the better. 越多越好。(4)最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，表示人或物在某个范围内“最……”。如：
Jack is the cleverest student in the class. 杰克是班上最聪明的学生。Shanghai is ne f the biggest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。【注】(1)形容词和副词的原级可以用“as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as”结构对两者进行比较，意为“……和……一样……”。其否定形式为“nt as/s＋形容词或副词的原级＋as”，意为“……不如/没有……”。如：
Lily is as ld as Lucy. 莉莉和露西一样大。Tm is nt as/s clever as Jim. 汤姆不像吉姆那样聪明。(2)副词的最高级前面的the可以省略。如：She is the best singer in ur schl. She sings (the) best. 她是我们学校最好的歌手。她唱得最好。
【例1】Read and write. 请仔细观察下面左排的单词，根据其变化规则写出右排所缺的单词。1. big→bigger ht→__________2. new→ld early→__________3. gd→best much→__________4. happy→happily easy→__________
解析:此类题考查形容词和副词的变换形式，涉及形容词与副词间的转换及其比较级、最高级、反义词等。答案：1. htter 2. late 3. mst 4. easily
一、Read and write. 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级。1. late→____________→________________2. thin→____________→________________3. easy→____________→________________ 4. useful→_________________→________________
二、Read and judge. 根据画线部分的形容词判断下列句子的说法是否正确，正确的在括号内画“√”，错误的画“×”。1. The days are lnger in summer than that in winter. ( )2. The elephants are the biggest animals in the wrld. ( )3. Watching t much TV is always bad fr children. ( )
【例2】Read, chse and fill. 选词填空。Ya Ming is a __________ basketball player. He plays basketball__________.
解析: gd作形容词，意为“出色的”。well作副词，意为“好地；出色地”。形容词修饰名词，放在名词之前；副词放在动词之后，也起修饰作用。答案：gd； well
【例3】Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。Is the bx light r __________？
解析:选择疑问句的选项是一组反义词，light在此意为“轻的”，故其反义词为“heavy”。答案：heavy
三、Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。1. The days are lng in summer and the nights are __________.2. The dictinary is thick， but the exercise bk is __________.3. It is cld in winter, but it's very __________ in summer.
四、Read, chse and fill. 选词填空。1. She is a _______________ girl.2. My bk is _______________ than yurs. 3. Hw _______________ the rain is！
heavy, newer, lvely
【例4】Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Amy sings__________. Sarah sings__________ than Amy. Chen Jie sings__________ in ur schl. (well)
解析:此题考查副词比较级及最高级的用法。第一句话陈述一般性事实，没有相互之间的比较，因而用副词原级well修饰动词sing。第二句话有than这个比较级标志，此句空格上应填well的比较级better来修饰动词sing。第三句话中有表范围的介词短语in ur schl，此句修饰sing的副词应是well的最高级best。答案：well；better；best
【例5】Read and write. 请用比较级将下面两句话合并成一句。I'm 11 years ld. My sister is 8 years ld. _________________________________________________________
解析:此题中的两个句子给出的是一组对比关系，所以，可以用比较级句式将其组合成一句话。答案：I'm 3 years lder than my sister./My sister is 3 years yunger than me.
五、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. Of all my family members， my brther is _____. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest( )2. Nw Bb is _____ than he was. A. mre careful B. much careful C. mre carefully( )3. The fd smells _____. Yu can't eat it. A. delicius B. bad C. badly
六、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. I'm 135 cm tall. My sister is 135 cm tall， t. (用同级表达)______________________________________________________2. Tm is 13 years ld. Jim is 14 years ld. (用比较级表达)______________________________________________________
I'm as tall as my sister./My sister is as tall as me.
Tm is 1 year yunger than Jim./Jim is 1 year lder than Tm.
一、Read and write. 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级(省略the)。1. lng→___________→___________2. heavy→___________→___________3. wide→___________→___________ 4. brightly→__________________→_________________5. fat→___________→___________ 6. lvely→___________________→___________________
mre brightly
mst brightly
7. early→_____________→_____________ 8. interesting→___________________→ _____________9. slw→_____________→_____________ 10. fast→_____________→_____________11. much→_____________→_____________ 12. ht→_____________→_____________13. many→_____________→_____________ 14. yung→_____________→_____________
mre interesting
mst interesting
15. strng→_____________→_____________ 16. shrt→_____________→_____________17. well→_____________→_____________ 18. gd→_____________→_____________19. thin→_____________→_____________ 20. bad→_____________→_____________
二、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. Peter is taller than any ther bys in his class. （用最高级表达）___________________________________________________2. Sarah's schlbag is bigger than mine. （同义句转换）___________________________________________________
Peter is the tallest f all the bys in his class.
My schlbag is smaller than Sarah's.
3. He is 140 cm tall. His sister is 140 cm tall，t. （合并为一句话，用同级表达）_________________________________________________4. Her dress is much cheaper than mine. （同义句转换）_________________________________________________
His sister is as tall as him./He is as tall as his sister.
My dress is much mre expensive than hers.
三、Read and fill. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Lucy is _________________ (thin) than her friend. 2. Winter is the _________________ (cld) seasn f the year. 3. The _________________ (cheap) bags are usually nt the best nes.4. It smells _________________ (terrible).5. Dick is _____________ at music, and he als des __________ in sprts. (well)
6. Things are getting __________ and __________. (bad)7. Which is __________ (heavy)， the elephant r the tiger？8. I eat __________ (much) fd than yu.9. Tm runs __________. But Jhn runs __________ in their class. (fast)10. This ruler is nt as __________ (lng) as that ne.
四、Read and fill. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。1. There isn't much tea in the bttle. There is __________. 2. The desks aren't dirty. They are __________.3. Is he right r __________？4. Mary's cat is cheap, but her shes are s __________.
五、Read and chse. 单项填空。( )1. This park is _____ than that ne.A. large B. larger C. largest( )2. Mike jumps _____ than Mary. A. mre high B. mre higher C. much higher( )3. My father is _____ than my uncle. A. ld B. lder C. ldest
( )4. The desk is _____， and the table is _____, t. A. big； big B. bigger； bigger C. big； biggest( )5. Jenny sings the sng_____. A. happy B. happiness C. happily( )6. The schl is_____ newer than that ne. A. much B. many C. mre
( )7. Yu can see the hspital _____.A. easily B. easy C. mre easy( )8. Of all my friends， Kate is _____ ne. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest( )9. She can d it _____ me.A. as gd as B. as well as C. s gd as( )10. She feels _____ when she cmes in men's tilet （厕所）. A. sadly B. sad C. sadness
六、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。1. 这本书跟那本书一样有用。(汉译英)____________________________________________________2. 今天比昨天热得多。(汉译英)____________________________________________________3. 萨拉是我们班最矮的学生。(汉译英)____________________________________________________
This bk is as useful as that ne.
It is much htter tday than it was yesterday.
Sarah is the shrtest student in ur class.
4. I am 50 kg heavy. Sue is 50 kg heavy， t. (合并为一句话，用同级表达)_________________________________________________5. The blue bx is 5 kg. The white bx is 6 kg. The black bx is 7 kg. (合并为一句话，用最高级表达)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am as heavy as Sue./Sue is as heavy as me.
The black bx is the heaviest f the three./The blue bx is the lightest f the three.
七、Read and fill. 根据下面表格中的信息补全句子。
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