高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Music精品学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Music精品学案，共9页。学案主要包含了过去分词作表语，过去分词作状语等内容，欢迎下载使用。


感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题
句1中加黑部分是过去分词作定语，表示主语所处的状态；句2～4中加黑部分是过去分词(短语)作状语，和句子的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动或完成。
一、过去分词作表语
1．意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。
I felt cnfused, even bred.
我有点迷惑不解，甚至有点烦。
We were encuraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2．过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
The bk is well written.这本书写得好。
The bk was written by a sldier.
这本书是由一位士兵写的。
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。而现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
Written in a hurry，this article was nt s gd.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
本句中的written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。过去分词(短语)通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
1．过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked abut his address(＝When he was asked abut his address)，the by didn’t respnd.
问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。
2．过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。
Encuraged by the prgress he has made(＝As he is encuraged by the prgress he has made)，he wrks harder.由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓励，他工作更努力了。
3．过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
Given mre time(＝If they were given mre time)，the trees culd grw taller.
如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。
Heated t a high temperature(＝If it is heated t a high temperature)，water will change int vapr.
如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。
4．过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Left (Althugh he was left) at hme，Jhn didn’t feel afraid at all.
虽然约翰被单独留在房间里，但他一点都不害怕。
5．过去分词作方式、伴随状语。
Fllwed by a grup f students，the teacher entered the classrm.
＝The teacher entered the classrm and he was fllwed by a grup f students.
老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。
注意：(1)过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，thugh，even if，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。
Even if invited(＝Even if I’m invited)，I wn’t take part in the party.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。
拓展：有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lst迷路，沉溺于；seated坐；dressed in穿着；tired f厌烦；faced with面临；accustmed t习惯于等。
Lst in deep thught，he didn’t hear the sund.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
Dressed in a new dress，she lks very beautiful.
穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。
(2)现在分词(短语)在句中也可以作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
Walking in the park，she saw an ld friend.
＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an ld friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
Being ill，he culdn’t g t schl.
＝As he was ill，he culdn’t g t schl.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
Wrking hard，yu’ll make great prgress.
＝If yu wrk hard，yu’ll make great prgress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment，allwing mre patients t be treated.
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。
Mary sat by the windw f the classrm，reading a bk.
＝Mary sat by the windw f the classrm and was reading a bk.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
(3)不定式(短语)在句中也可以作状语，表示目的或结果。
T catch the first bus，he gt up very early.
为了赶第一班公交车，他起得很早。
I hurried t schl，nly t find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The ld man lay n the beach at ease，expsed(expse) t the sun.
2．Nt knwing(knw) what t d，the children had t wait fr their parents t cme back.
3．When ffered(ffer) help，ne ften says “Thank yu.”
4．Hearing(hear) the signal，peple ran ut f the building.
5．Lking(lk) ut thrugh the windw，we saw a beautiful scenery.
6. Discussed(discuss) many times，the prblems were settled at last.
7．Buried(bury) in her nvel，the girl didn’t ntice the beautiful snw.
8．The case shcked the public，causing(cause) a ht debate ver human nature n the Internet.
9．Even if tld(tell) many times，he still made the same mistakes.
10．Admitted(admit) int a key university，the girl was very excited.
Ⅱ.用分词(短语)作状语改写下列状语从句
11．When she heard the news，she burst int tears.
→Hearing the news，she burst int tears.
12．Althugh we were exhausted by the climbing，we cntinued ur jurney.
→Exhausted by the climbing，we cntinued ur jurney.
13．She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared.
→Dressed in white，she suddenly appeared.
14．Aunt Wu came in and she was fllwed by her daughter.
→Aunt Wu came in，fllwed by her daughter.
15．A fld struck the area and thusands f peple were left hmeless.
→A fld struck the area，leaving thusands f peple hmeless.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Basing(base) the plan n these facts，the yung man made a wise decisin.
2．Based(base) n farming，the ecnmy f this area develps slwly.
3．Tired(tire) f the teacher’s speech，mst f the students gt sleepy.
4．Determined(determine) t keep up with thers，the girl is wrking hard.
5．Everyne had smething t say，me included(include)．
6．Awarded(award) the first prize in the cmpetitin，he felt happy and satisfied.
7．After the heavy rain, many cars gt caught(catch) in the mud.
8．Attracted(attract) by the scenery，they decided t stay fr anther week.
9．Impressed(impress)by his perfrmance，the directr decided t have a talk with him.
10．Aimed(aim) at little children，the film was very ppular with mst f us.
Ⅱ.单句写作
11．受到老师的责备，这个男孩非常难过。
Blamed by the teacher，the by was in lw spirits.
12．由于在事故中受伤了，这个运动员只好退出了比赛。
Injured in the accident，the player had t drp ut f the match.
13．我们满怀兴奋地去了电影院。
We went t the cinema，filled with excitement.
14．这个男孩坐在操场上，陷入了沉思。
The by was sitting n the playgrund，lst in thught.
15．如果再多给我几分钟，我会完成全部工作的。
Given a few mre minutes，I’ll finish the whle wrk.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
On a dark winter day in Russia in 1896，Sergei Prkfiev sat by a pian next t his mther.She was helping him cmpse(作曲) his first piece f music.Sergei was nly five years ld.
He had verheard his parents discussing a terrible famine(饥荒) in India.The picture Sergei had f thse hungry peple in his mind caused him t write a stry，in the frm f musical ntes.Sergei culd nt read music，s he picked ut a tune n the pian keys，and his mther recrded the ntes.Sergei titled it “Indian Gallp”．
Sergei’s mther began giving him pian lessns fr 20 minutes a day，and his ability grew quickly.She had a great lve fr music，t，and Sergei ften lay awake in bed at night and listened t her play the pian.
Sergei’s parents fund a famus music teacher fr him.The teacher shuted at Sergei when he didn’t practice reading and playing music.Sergei later wrte，“I wanted t cmpse great musical plays，and instead I was given all srts f bring tasks.” Yet he persisted with his studies and grew up t be a great cmpser.
In 1936 a children’s theater asked Sergei t write music that wuld teach children abut different instruments.He was happy and wrte the piece in a week，calling it Peter and the Wlf.
Sergei’s Peter and the Wlf was enjyed by children as well as adults.The first time Sergei played the piece n the pian，the children listening t it lved it s much that they made him play the ending three extra times.He was excited.
Tday Sergei Prkfiev is remembered nt nly fr his cntributins(贡献) t classical music，but als fr his sense f fun.
16．When he was five，Sergei .
A．culd read music
B．experienced a famine
C．created his first cmpsitin
D．wrte a stry abut his parents
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She was helping him cmpse(作曲) his first piece f music.Sergei was nly five years ld.”以及第二段的介绍可知，他在五岁时就创作出他人生的第一支乐曲。
17．The piece f music Peter and the Wlf .
A．was a great success
B．was ne f Sergei’s early wrks
C．was written t teach children abut the pian
D．was played three extra times when first played
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Sergei’s Peter and the Wlf was enjyed by children as well as adults.”和“the children listening t it lved it s much that they made him play the ending three extra times”可推测，《彼得和狼》这支乐曲大获成功。
18．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．The greatest 20th-century cmpser.
B．Sergei’s cntributins t music.
C．Musical plays in Russia.
D．Sergei’s musical stries.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了谢尔盖的音乐故事。
B
Backgrund music may seem harmless，but it can have a pwerful effect n thse wh hear it.Recrded backgrund music first fund its way int factries，shps and restaurants in the US.But it sn spread t ther parts f the wrld.Nw it is becming increasingly difficult t g shpping r eat a meal withut listening t music.
T begin with，“muzak”(音乐广播网) was intended simply t create a sthing(舒缓的) atmsphere.Recently，hwever，it’s becming a big business.Dr Rnald Milliman，an American marketing expert，has shwn that music can bst(提升) sales r increase factry prductin by as much as a third.
Hwever，it has t be the light music.A fast ne has n effect at all n sales.Slw music can increase receipts by 38%.This is prbably because shppers slw dwn and have mre pprtunity t spt items they like t buy.Yet，slw music isn’t always the answer.Dr Milliman fund，fr example，that in restaurants slw music meant custmers tk lnger t eat their meals，which reduced verall sales.S restaurant wners might be well advised t play fast music t keep the custmers mving—unless，f curse，the resulting indigestin(消化不良) leads t cmplaints!
19．Backgrund music means .
A．light music that custmers enjy mst
B．fast music that makes peple mve fast
C．slw music that can make custmers enjy their meals
D．the music yu are listening t while yu are ding smething
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。选项中的前三项均只是背景音乐中的一部分，只有D项是完整的概括。
20．Restaurant wners cmplain abut slw music because .
A．it results in indigestin
B．it increases their sales
C．it keeps custmers mving
D．it decreases their sales
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由文章最后一段可以看出，如果播放慢速背景音乐，客人的就餐时间就会变长，这样就会导致营业额的整体下滑。这样的结果餐馆老板自然要抱怨。
21．We can knw frm the text that .
A．backgrund music was first used in big department stres
B．prper music can increase the selling f gds
C．light music has a bad effect n prductin
D．restaurant wners had better play slw music t cmfrt their custmers
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“has shwn that music can bst(提升) sales”可知，恰当的音乐可以促进销售。
Ⅵ.七选五
Yu prbably knw yu shuld say “please” and “thank yu” at restaurants.Yu prbably knw the rules f a library.Yu knw yu shuld respect and be nice t yur classmates. 22 In fact，there are sme rules abut playing music.
•Keep it dwn.
23 Yu shuld nt play yur music s lud that everyne arund yu can hear it.Sme peple might even get angry.Usually，when yu play music lud n an MP3 player，ther peple can’t hear the wrds f the sng.They just hear a lud sund.N ne wants t listen t this.Very lud music can als be bad fr yur ears.
•Turn it ff.
Yu need t knw when t turn yur MP3 ff and put it away.Libraries and schls dn’t allw MP3 players.There are ther places，like museums，that dn’t have rules，but it wuld be rude t have yur MP3 player n.Smetimes，it desn’t make sense t listen n yur MP3 player at an event. 24 Yu wuld miss what is ging n and thers wuld wnder why yu even came.
•Take ne ut.
Once in a while it’s kay just t take ut ne earphne and nt the ther. 25 It wuld nt be rude t take ut ne earphne，tell him the way，and put back the earphne and cntinue listening.Yu can als d this when yu rder fd at a fast fd restaurant r when yu answer the telephne and it’s nt fr yu.
• 26
There are times when yu need t decide what is the best.Fr example，sme peple can listen t music n their MP3 players when reading bks，while thers think it is disturbing.In cases like this，yu need t d what seems right fr yu.
A．It’s yur chice.
B．Dn’t make yur vice disturb thers.
C．But d yu have music manners?
D．Yu have t ntice the amunt f sund f yur music.
E．Why wuld yu listen t music at a play，a mvie r a sprting event?
F．Imagine yu are listening n yur MP3 player when smene asks yu the way.
G．The music is active and inspiring as lng as yu can feel energetic when yu are listening t it.
eq \x(语篇解读 文章主要讲述了听音乐、放音乐的礼貌和规则问题，提醒我们要做有素质的人。)
22．答案 C
解析 上句讲了饭店、图书馆的礼貌问题；下句讲听音乐也有规则，也要讲礼貌。C项承上启下，故选C。
23．答案 D
解析 本段主要讲不要把声音调的太大，要控制好音量，不要影响身边的人。D项讲控制音量符合文意，故选D。
24．答案 E
解析 本段讲不允许放音乐的场合及放音乐无意义的场合。E项(你为什么要在戏剧、电影或体育赛事中听音乐？)符合本段文意，故选E。
25．答案 F
解析 上句讲偶尔只拿出一只耳机是可以的；下文讲你可以拿出一只耳机告诉他怎么走，然后把耳机放回去继续听。F项符合此情景，故选F。
26．答案 A
解析 本段讲什么时候听音乐是合适的要由你自己决定，A项能概括全段，故选A。1．She lked disappinted.
2．Brn in the USA n 2 January 1970，Whitacre began studying music at the University f Nevada in 1988.
3．Mved by this music，he said，“It was like seeing clr fr the first time.”
4．Inspired，he asked his fans t make vides，which he then jined tgether int ne perfrmance.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了前苏联著名作曲家谢尔盖·普罗科菲耶夫。
语篇解读 背景音乐作为一种常见的音乐形式，已经渗透到人们生活的方方面面。本文旨在介绍不同的背景音乐可以产生不同的效果。