名词语法详解及练习

这是一份名词语法详解及练习，共4页。主要包含了分类，名词单数变复数，名词的所有格等内容，欢迎下载使用。

含义：“非物即人”
例，(比较具体的)Peple：father，mther，sn, daughter…
Fruit: apple, banana, range, mang…
Ball: basketball, sccer, tennis…
（比较抽象的）interest，hbby，life…
二、分类
专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Beijing, Tm, NBA
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the 如the Great Wall（长城）,the UK, the USA
姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义），如：the Greens（ 格林一家人）。
普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如pupil, family, man, ft
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词:可以进行计数的名词，如： bx, child, range；
▲不可数名词:不可以进行计数的名词。如water, news, il, ppulatin, infrmatin .
图表归纳：
三、名词单数变复数：
1.在单数名词词尾加s map → maps hrse→ hrses table→ tables.
以S, x, ch, sh结尾的词-es class→classes, bx→bxes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.
以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接+s。如by → bys ty→ tys
以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v,再加es。
小偷有妻生活难 thief, wife, life
自己扫叶来做饭 leaf
忽见一狼躲架后 wlf, shelf
正在偷吃一面包 laf
拿刀把它劈两半 knife, half
Thief——thieves wife——wives life——lives
Leaf——leaves wlf——wlves shelf——shelves
laf——laves knife——knives half——halves
6.以O结尾的名词，分两种。
无生命的＋s,如 radi——radis pht——phts, z——zs
有生命的＋es,
黑人爱吃土豆西红柿 Negr ptat tmat
薯条蘸点番茄酱
最后再来吃点芒果 Mang
Negr—Negres, ptat—ptates,
tmat—tmates mang——manges
7. 少数不规则的名词。
儿童 child-------children 公牛 x-----xen
老鼠 muse----mice
OO变ee。Ft------feet tth-----teeth
A变e. man----men, wman----wmen
某国人的复数变化：
中日永不变 中国人Chinese 日本人 Japanese
英法a变e Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen
其余后面＋s German----Germans
特别提示: 法国 France 法国人 French德国 Germany 德国人German
名词单复数一样。
fish——fish sheep——sheep, deer----deer means----means
注意：当man/wman 作定语、修饰复数名词时， man/wman与所修饰的名词同时变为复数。
a man teacher------ men teachers
a wman teacher------ wmen teachers
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，说明其数量时，要用有关计量名词。
如：a bag f rice → tw bags f rice, a piece f paper →three pieces f paper, a bttle f milk → five bttles f milk.
四、名词的所有格 （--- 的）
（1）单数名词词尾加 's ； 以 s 结尾的单数名词， 则只加 ’.
the by’s bag； Mary’s cap； Mr. James’ ffice
（2）复数名词 如果不以 s 结尾，则加 's ； 复数名词 如果以 s 结尾， 则只加 ’.
the Children’s Palace 少年宫
men’s rm 男士房间
the teachers’ reading-rm 教师阅览室
10 minutes’ walk 十分钟的步行
（3）如果表示 几个人共有一样东西，只需 在最后一个人的名字后面加 's .
如果表示 各自所有，就必须在各个名字后加 's .
This is Tm and Mark’s rm. 这是汤姆和马克共同的房间。（一个房间）
These are Tm’s and Mark’s rms. 这些分别是汤姆和马克的房间。（两个房间）
(4)the + 名词 ·f ·名词 （多用于无生命物体）
the windws f the huse
the name f the city
the picture f the Tm
's 结构 也可以转换成 f结构
the girl’s name -- the name f the girl
Tm’s friend -- the friend f Tm
（5）a + 名词 ·f ·名词's / a + 名词 ·f ·名词性物主代词 ( 表示“其中之一” )
a picture f Tm’s; 汤姆的照片中的其中一张 a friend f mine 我其中的一个朋友
名词专项训练
1．-- Are there any in the z? -- Yes, there are sme.
A. panda B. lin C. tiger D. deer
2．There is nly ne dctr and several nurses in this hspital.
A. man / wman B. man / wmen
C. men / wman D. men / wmen
3．-- What can I d fr yu?
-- I’d like tw .
A. bttle f range juice B. bttle f range juices
C. bttles f range juice D. bttles f range juices
4．This is bedrm. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anna and Jane B. Anna’s and Jane’s C. Anna’s and Jane D. Anna and Jane’s
5．We’ll have a hliday. What abut ging t the Great Wall?
A. fur days B. fur-day
C. fur-days D. fur day’s
6．Paul has friends except me, and smetimes he feels lnely.
A. many B. sme C. few D. mre
7．Hw many can yu see in the picture?
A. water B. child C. deer D. factrys
8．This is an ld pht f mine. At that time I had .
A. shrt hairs B. shrt hair
C. many shrt hair D. much shrt hairs
9．-- Where are the ?
-- They are playing ftball n the playgrund.
A. bys students / the B. by students / the
C. by student / X D. by students / X
10．I have t speak t my grandpa ludly because there’s smething wrng with his .
A. eyes B. legs C. muth D. ears
11．Jenny gave us n hw t learn English well.
A. sme advices B. many advices
C. sme advice D. an advice
12．We have bught tw fr the cming party.
A. bx f strawberry B. bxes f strawberries
C. bx f strawberries D. bxes f strawberry
13．Mr. Smith is a friend f .
A. Jhn’s uncle B. Jhn uncle’s
C. Jhn’s uncle’s D. Jhn uncle
14．-- Wuld yu like tea ?
-- N, thanks. I have drunk tw .
A. any / bttle f juice B. sme / bttles f juice
C. many / bttles f juices D. few / bttles f juice
15．These are the tys.
A. child B. children
C. children’s D. children’
16．There are hardly any in the river nw because f the pllutin.
A. duck B. fish C. gse D. water
17．She tld me the day befre yesterday.
A. a gd news B. such a gd news
C. s gd a news D. a piece f gd news
18．I wn’t g there with yu, fr I have a lt f t d.
A. wrks B. jb
C. wrk D. wrking
19．There all kinds f in this shp.
A. are / watches B. be / watches
C. is / watches D. be / watch
20．There are n the desk.
A. a paper B. sme papers
C. a piece f paper D. sme pieces f paper
21．I’d like , please.
A. tw bttle f beer B. tw bttle f beers
C. tw bttles f beer D. tw bttles f beers
22．These are backpacks.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily and Lucy’s
C. Lily’s and Lucy D. Lily’s and Lucy’s
23．We’ll have this summer.
A. a tw mnths vacatin B. tw mnths vacatin
C. a tw-mnths vacatin D.a tw-mnth vacatin
24．I g t the nce a mnth.
A. barber B. barbers C. barber’s D. barbers’
25．I want t knw pinin.
A. everyne’s else B. everyne else
C. everyne else’s D. everyne elses’
26．I walked int the ffice, and put the letter n my desk.
A. teacher’s / teacher’s B. teachers’ / teachers’
C. teacher’s / teachers’ D. teachers’ / teacher’s
27．There’s n fr mre cars in the parking lt. It is t crwded.
A. rm B. rms C. huse D. huses
28．My shes were wrn ut, s I decided t buy a new .
A. shw B. shes C. pair D. ne
29．Culd yu speak in a lud ? I can’t hear yu clearly.
A. vice B. nise C. sund D. thrat
30．Only ne has been chsen. I dn’t knw whether it is a man r a wman.
A. peple B. persn
C. man D. wman
31.Yu can get much abut the Wrld Exp n the Internet.
A. map B. picture C. ticket D. infrmatin
32. All the teachers enjyed themselves n March 8th, because it was their wn hliday.
A. man B. men C. wman D. wmen
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