高中人教版 (新课标)Unit 3 Inventors and inventions当堂达标检测题

Unit 3　Section Ⅰ

Ⅰ．单词拼写

1．It is c______for me to call on him now and then．

2．They were so much alike that we could hardly d______one from the other．

3．She ate a little for lunch in e______of a good dinner．

4．“He was examined by a doctor．” is a p______sentence．

5．A final word of________(警告)—never try any of this without backing up your system．

6．My way of thinking might be different from yours，but it's equally________(有效的；确凿的)．

7．He applied for a________(专利) for a new method of removing paint．

8．Our conversation came to an________(突然的) end when George burst into the room．

9．We will keep your details on________(档案)．

10．What are the________(标准) for deciding who gets the prize？

答案：1．convenient　2．distinguish　3．expectation　4．passive　5．caution　6．valid　7．patent　8．abrupt　9．file　10．criteria

Ⅱ．句型转换

1．They returned to their hometown only when the war was over．

→Only when the war was over ______ ______ ________ to their hometown．

2．Wild elephants appear from time to time to destroy the crops．

→Wild elephants appear ________ ________ ________ to destroy the crops．

3．When we are asked about our future plan，we don't know what to say．

→________ ________ our future plan，we don't know what to say．

4．George set out to improve his handwriting．

→George ________ ________ improving his handwriting．

5．Even their teacher can't tell Tom from his twin brother．

→Even their teacher can't ______ ______ Tom ________ his twin brother．

答案：1．did they return　2．now and then　3．Asked about　4．set about　5．distinguish between；and

Ⅲ．完成句子

1．________ ________ ________ ________(好像有)500 people present at the academic conference．

2．I'll call on you________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (如果你方便的话)．

3．Only after you are a parent________ ________ ________(你才知道)how to honour your parents．

4．________ ________ ________ ________(我也不知道)that anyone else knows the secret．

5．But________ ________ ________(一旦提起来)，the snakes tried to bite us．

答案：1．There seem to be　2．if it is convenient for you

3．can/will you know　4．Nor am I aware　5．once picked up

Ⅳ．完形填空

Check Engine Light

As I turned from the parking lot，heading for home，I noticed a yellow light on my dash had come on．The symbol indicated that I was to check the __1__．I quickly noted the water temperature and the oil light to see if there were__2__that would cause an overheated engine．Noting these two gauges (测量仪器) were okay，I reasoned I could__3__the little yellow light that caused such great__4__for at least the moment．

After I continued to drive，I found the check engine light__5__to indicate that there was a problem and that __6__was required．Malfunctions(失灵) often will be indicated by the__7__before any problem is apparent，which may__8__more serious damage to the vehicle．This system is__9__to assist you and your technician __10__correctly diagnosing any malfunction．

Reading the manual made me think of how we need someone in our lives to__11__our “check engine light”．We need to know when a problem__12__and when service is required in our lives．We need to correct our problems before__13__damage surfaces．We need a__14__to come on in our minds to help us __15__conflict，pain，or disaster．We need to be __16__that we shouldn't ignore good and work to make life better for all about us．

     God makes a splendid “check engine light”．He gives you a conscience to keep your pathway__17__．He gives people who care about you，to help__18__your living．Lean on God to lead your pathway from the problem that could damage your__19__．He can repair malfunctions__20__they destroy your being．Thank you，Father，for being my “check engine light”．

文章大意：汽车仪表板上表示发动机的黄灯亮了是在提醒我们应该检查发动机了，同样，生活中的指示灯能让我们避免冲突、痛苦和灾难的出现，使我们生活的道路笔直、畅通。

1．A．speed　　　　　 B．engine   

C．wheel  D．brake

答案：B　 根据下文的cause an overheated engine和the check engine fight都可推知仪表板上的黄灯亮了表明作者应该去检修发动机了。

2．A．directions              B．injuries

C．problems                D．symptoms

答案：C　句意：我很快去检查水温和油的指示灯来看看是否有导致发动机过热的问题。同时下文indicate that there was a problem和We need to correct our problems都有提示。

3．A．repair      B．decorate 

C．catch       D．ignore

答案：D　根据前面的Noting these two gauges(测量仪器)were okay和下一段中的I continued to drive可知作者不理睬这个小黄灯亮的问题，继续开车。

4．A．anxiety                 B．surprise 

C．satisfaction              D．disappointment

答案：A　根据当时情境可推知作者看到黄灯亮了时感到非常担心， 用anxiety“焦虑，担忧”最能表达当时作者的心境。

5．A．came on                B．put on 

C．went on                 D．turned on

答案：A　根据第一段中的I noticed a yellow light on my dash had   come on可知答案，come on指“(灯)亮了”。

6．A．mend                  B．abandon 

C．service                  D．consume

答案：C　根据下一段第二句中的when service is required in our lives可知答案。

7．A．rule        B．system   

C．sign        D．mark

答案：B　根据9空所在的句子可知答案为system，指的是汽车的显示系统。

8．A．control     B．support  

C．cause       D．prevent

答案：D　根据下文的assist you and your technician可知本空应该和assist“帮助”近义，所以答案为D项prevent，指的是“阻止更严重的危害发生”。

9．A．designed    B．forced   

C．discovered   D．copied

答案：A　车上的系统当然是被设计(designed)的。

10．A．by        B．in       

C．upon       D．to

答案：B　assist sb．in doing sth．帮助某人做某事。句意：这个系统的设计就是为了帮助你和你的机械工正确诊断故障问题的。

11．A．act       B．dress    

C．be         D．change

答案：C　语境：在我们的生活中需要有人能成为我们的“引擎检修指示灯”。be表示“成为”，同时最后一段最后一句中的for being my“check engine light”给出了提示。

12．A．occurs     B．breaks   

C．sets        D．slows

答案：A　句意：我们需要知道问题是什么时候发生的，并且我们在生活中需要什么样的服务。问题“发生”用occur。

13．A．serious    B．common 

C．normal     D．usual

答案：A　句意：我们需要在严重危害出现之前去纠正我们的问题。同时上文8空所在的句子中的more serious damage to the vehicle也给出了提示。

14．A．stick      B．switch   

C．alarm      D．light

答案：D　 根据第一段中的I noticed a yellow light on my dash had come on可知，本句暗含在我们的头脑中需要有一盏指示灯。

15．A．argue     B．avoid    

C．remove     D．fight

答案：B　头脑中的指示灯能帮助我们避免(avoid)冲突、痛苦或灾难。

16．A．suspected              B．treated  

C．scolded                D．reminded

答案：D　语境：我们需要被这个指示灯提醒来为更好的生活而努力工作。故选D项。

17．A．sharp      B．straight  

C．wide       D．round

答案：B　句意：上帝制作了一盏壮丽的“引擎指示灯”，他给你良知，使你生活的道路是笔直的。故选B项。

18．A．build      B．foresee  

C．guide       D．earn

答案：C　生活中的指示灯当然是引导你的生活的，earn one's living“谋生”不符合题意。

19．A．living     B．study    

C．career      D．dream

答案：A　根据上一段最后一句话中的work to make life better for all about us可知本句是文章的主旨，指的是生活中的指示灯。

20．A．once      B．while    

C．before      D．unless

答案：C　此处指的是指示灯会在故障毁坏你之前提醒你及时纠正问题。

Ⅴ．阅读理解

You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton，has fought poverty (贫困) and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses．To support these worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising “changemakers”seeking to solve (解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker．

Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change．The important thing is to simply give yourself permission．If you see a problem that you care about，you can help solve it．The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy，healthy，contributing adult．In fact，it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions．An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city，helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there．

When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets，attracting rats and diseases，they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste．So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆肥)this waste．They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years．At first，they were refused，but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made，the project took off．In 2009 sales were $ 14,000．

Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious，practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development．

文章大意：本文为说明文。文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的名叫“阿育王”的扶贫济困机构。

1．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage？

A．Changemakers  B．Businessmen

C．Social Conditions  D．Rubbish Problem

答案：A　标题判断题。本文主要介绍的是Ashoka这个扶贫济困机构，该机构旨在让每一个公民都成为changemaker。第一段两次出现changemaker，第二段首句“Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change”为主题句，an agent for change与changemaker同义，最后一段回归到结果：bringing about social change by changing the way。显然贯穿文章始终的是changemakers。故选A。

2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”．

A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar

C．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka

答案：D　代词指代题。第三段讲的是在1995年Masqsood and Iftekhar负责教城里的穷人们把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场，但起初遭到拒绝，当他们说服这些城里人这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目才得以实施。故画线的them指代the poor people in the city。故选D。

3．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he ________．

A．considers Drayton's concept

B．gets permission from Ashoka

C．tries to improve social conditions

D．is a young，happy and healthy adult

答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“If you see a problem that you care about，you can help solve it”以及第五句”In fact，it is many young people's  ambition  to  set  up  programmes  or businesses that improve social conditions”综合可知选C。

4．The author's attitude towards Ashoka's program can be described as ________．

A．changing  B．forgiving

C．cautious  D．positive

答案：D　作者态度题。文章对Ashoka's program自始至终充满着赞赏之词，显然作者对此是持积极态度的。故选D。

Ⅵ．七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Any car accident is frightening，but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water，with you trapped inside，is absolutely terrifying．  __1__   However，most deaths result from panic，without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water．By adopting a brace(支撑)position，acting decisively and getting out fast，you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle．

Brace yourself for impact (撞击力)．As soon as you're aware that you're going off the road and into a body of water，adopt a brace position．The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle，so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the “ten and two” position．

Undo your seatbelt．  __2__   Unbuckle the children，starting with the oldest first．Forget the cell phone call．Your car isn't going to wait for you to make the call．

__3__  Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window．A car's electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water，so try the method of opening it electronically first．Many people don't think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking．

Break the window．If you aren't able to open the window，or it only opens halfway，you'll need to break it with an object or your foot．It may feel counter­intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car．   __4__

Escape when the car has equalized．If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced，you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival．  __5__   While there is still air in the car，take slow，deep breaths and focus on what you're doing．

A．Open the window as soon as you hit the water．

B．Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think．

C．It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually．

D．Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning．

E．In conclusion，if you know what to do in the water，you will be safe．   

F．This is the first thing to attend to，yet it often gets forgotten in the panic．  

G．But the sooner the window is open，the sooner you can escape directly through it．

1．__________　2．__________　3．__________

4．__________　5．__________

答案：

1．D　由前面的句子Any car accident is frightening，but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water，with you trapped inside，is absolutely terrifying．可以得出答案。

2．F　由前面的句子，说安全带，可以得出答案。

3．A　由后面的句子Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window．可以得出答案。

4．G　由前面的句子It may feel counter­intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car．可以得出答案。

5．C　由后面的句子While there is still air in the car，take slow，deep breaths and focus on what you're doing．可以得出答案。