人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars当堂达标检测题

课时作业(十五)　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars

Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language

(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．—What does the model plane look like?

—Well，the wings of the plane are more than twice the________(long) of its body.

答案：　length

2．Look！There is something strange________(float) on the water.

答案：　floating

3．A man came in and put a big vase on the table ________(gentle)．

答案：　gently

4．It is well­known that Newton was a famous________(physics)．

答案：　physicist

5．________(like) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work by bus.

答案：　Unlike

6．We live in a____ (globe) village，but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.

答案：　global

7．—Do remember watch out ________cars while crossing the street.

—Got it.

答案：　for

8．________(cheerful) up！You must believe in yourself and you will get success.

答案：　Cheer

9．—What do you think of French?

—In my opinion，French is as difficult a subject________English.

答案：　as

10．Students should find more time to get close ________nature which can encourage their creativity.

答案：　to

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

Some_people are like homing pigeons：Drop them off anywhere，and they’ll find their way around.Other people，though，can’t tell when they’re holding a map upside down.Are the directionally challenged just bad learners?

Not all of your navigational (导航的) skills are learned.Research shows that your sense of direction is innate.An innate ability is something you are born with.Your brain has special navigational neurons—head­direction cells，place cells，and grid cells (网格细胞)—and they help program your inside compass (指南针) when you’re just a baby.

In 2010，scientists carried out an experiment to study baby rats’ neural activity in their brains.Although the rats were newborns，the researchers discovered that their head­direction cells (which help them recognize the direction they’re facing) were fully grown and developed.The rats，it seemed，were born with a sense of direction.And they hadn’t even opened their eyes yet!

Humans，of course，are not rats.But the hippocampus—the brain area we use for navigation—is similar in most mammals (哺乳动物)．If the rat’s compass develops this way，then it’s likely that a human’s compass does，too.

If we’re born with a sense of direction，then why are some people so good at getting lost？The scientists found that the two other cells—place and grid cells—developed within the first month.Place cells are thought to help us form a map in our mind，while grid cells help us navigate new and unfamiliar places.The two cells work together，and that’s where the trouble might be.

People who took part in a 2013 study played a video game that required them to travel quickly between different places.Monitoring (监测) their brains，the scientists found that grid cells helped the gamers recognize where they were—even without landmarks.According to researcher Michael Kahana，differences in how grid cells work may help explain why some people have a better sense of direction than others.

语篇解读　本文是说明文。科学家发现，有些人方向感好是因为他们的网格细胞更加发达。

1．The underlined words “Some people” refer to those who ________.

A．are bad learners

B．love homing pigeons

C．like using maps to navigate

D．have a good sense of direction

解析：　篇章结构题，根据划线部分后的are like homing pigeons：Drop them off anywhere，and they’ll find their way around可知，Some people指的是那些方向感好的人。

答案：　D

2．What did the 2010 research find?

A．Rats have a natural ability to recognize directions.

B．Rats’ hippocampus is different from that of humans.

C．Rats usually find their way without opening their eyes.

D．Baby rats have as many head­direction cells as grown­ups.

解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The rats，it seemed，were born with a sense of direction可知，老鼠天生就有辨别方向的能力。

答案：　A

3．Why are some people so good at getting lost?

A．They can’t remember landmarks.

B．Their grid cells can’t work very well.

C．They are unfamiliar with new places.

D．Their ability to follow directions is poor.

解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段末句The two cells work together，and that’s where the trouble might be和最后一段中的grid cells helped the gamers recognize where they were—even without landmarks，differences in how grid cells work may help explain why some people have a better sense of direction than others可推测，有些人容易迷路是因为他们的网格细胞工作得不理想。

答案：　B

4．What is the text mainly about?

A．Human navigational skills.

B．The compass in rats’ body.

C．Why grid cells are useful.

D．How homing pigeons work.

解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了为什么人类辨别方向的能力有所不同。

答案：　A

B

Dear young musicians，

Thank you for agreeing to take part in our Music Day.The whole idea of the day is for music students around the area to meet other players and receive expert (专家般的) teaching from our guests，six professional players.In the evening，you will perform the pieces you have worked on during the day at a concert which your friends and family can attend (参加)．

After you have registered (注册) at the reception，go to the main hall.First，there will be a short performance by our professional musicians who are joining us for the day.After this you will go into your classes to practice on your own instruments for the evening concert.There will also be a chance to experiment with a different instrument from the one you normally play，and see if you enjoy playing something more unusual—we have several instruments to choose from!

The first part of the day will finish at 5 pm，when parents can collect students.For those remaining in the hall until the evening concert at 7 pm，there will be DVDs for you to watch，although you should also bring something to do while you are waiting.A change of clothes is required for the evening—black trousers or a skirt and white top—so unless you are going home at 5 pm，you will need to have this with you at the start of the day.

If for whatever reason you cannot attend the evening concert，you must tell us as soon as possible，as we need to know numbers in order to prepare the stage.We look forward to seeing you at the Young People’s Music Day.

语篇解读　 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了“年轻人的音乐节”这一天的相关安排。

5．What can students do on Music Day?

A．They can have dinner with experts.

B．They can receive professional advice.

C．They can play with professional players.

D．They can meet world­famous musicians.

解析：　细节理解题。 由第一段中的receive expert teaching from our guests，six professional players可知，在音乐节这天学生们会得到来自专业人士的指导，故选B项。

答案：　B

6．To attend the concert，students must________.

A．arrive at 5：00 in the afternoon

B．take one of their family members

C．play five pieces of music each

D．wear black trousers or a skirt and white top

解析：　细节理解题。 由第三段中的A change of clothes is required for the evening—black trousers or a skirt and white top可知，D项说法正确。

答案：　D

7．What is the purpose of this text?

A．To introduce Music Day.

B．To invite students to a concert.

C．To put up a notice about Music Day.

D．To encourage students to love music.

解析：　写作目的题。本文主要介绍了“年轻人的音乐节”这一天的相关安排，故选C项。

答案：　C

Ⅲ.七选五

Worry problems are everywhere in our daily life.How to solve them？The answer is that we must equip ourselves to deal with different kinds of worries by learning the three basic steps of problem analysis.The three steps are：

Get the facts

Why is it so important to get the facts？Unless you have the facts，you can’t possibly attempt to solve your problem intelligently.Without the facts，all you can do is wondering around in confusion.It is not an easy job to get facts.When you are worried，your emotions are riding high.__1__

When trying to get the facts，you can pretend that you are collecting this information not for yourself but for some other person.__2__You can also pretend that you are a lawyer preparing to agree.Try to get all the facts both on your side and the other side of the case.You will generally find the truth lies somewhere in between.

__3__

Whenever you are worried，write down the questions that make you worry.And write out all the various steps you could take and then the probable consequences of each step.For example，what am I worrying about？What can I do about it？Here is what I’m going to do about it.After carefully weighing all the facts，you can calmly come to a decision.

Act on that decision

__4__How can you break the worry habit before it breaks you？Crowd worry out of your mind by keeping busy.Plenty of action is one of the best ways to cure worry.__5__If you know a situation is beyond your power，say to yourself：“It is so；it can’t be otherwise.” Don’t permit little things to ruin your happiness.Try to cultivate a mental attitude that will bring you peace and happiness.

A．Accept what can’t be avoided.

B．Analyze the facts.

C．There comes a time when you must decide and never look back.

D．But here are two ideas that can help you see the facts in a clear and objective way.

E．Unless you take your action，all your facts—findings and analysis—are a sheer waste of energy.

F．Decide how much anxiety a thing may be worth.

G．This will help you to take a cold and fair view of the evidence.

答案：　1.D　2.G　3.B　4.E　5.A

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