高考英语复习课件：高中语法8大重点语法项目速通 6.定语从句（二）

这是一份高考英语复习课件：高中语法8大重点语法项目速通 6.定语从句（二），共49页。PPT课件主要包含了定语从句的种类，考点与难点归纳，that，which，高考题链接，考点3介词+关系词，注意1，注意２，注意３，难点二as的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
什么是定语？指出下面句子的定语
Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a develping cuntry.There are 30 wman teachers in ur schl.His rapid prgress in English made ussurprised.Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.
以上句子中的定语都有单词或短语充当，但如果是复杂的定语就应用定语从句
如：住在我们学校的那个老人是个退休工人
The ld man wh lives in ur schl is a retired wker.
我哥哥昨天买的那本书非常有趣
The bk which my brther bught yesterday ie very interesting.
The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句
The Nn-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句
My brther wh lives in the USA has 6 children.
My brther, wh lives in the USA, has 6 children.
限定性定语与非限定性定语从句的区别从形式，连接词，用途
基础知识回顾: 定语从句关系词及其意义
wh,whm ,whse,which, that ,as
when, where ,why
Wh 指人，在句中作主语或宾语
The by wh is standing under the tree is ur mnitr.
Whm指人，在句中作宾语，常可省略
Whse通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定语
The by whm I spke t just nw isadmitted t a famus university.
That is the by whse mther is a disabled wmen.The rm whse windws face suth is ur drm.
Which指物，在句中作主语或宾语，常可省略
Did yu see the letter which came tday？This is the bk which I tld yu abut.
That 既可指人也可指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略
1.I’ll never frget the days______________ we wrked tgether.2.I’ll never frget the days ___________ we spent tgether.3.I went t the place _____________I wrked ten years ag.4.I went t the place _____________ I visited ten years is the reasn _____________________ he was is the reasn _____________________ he gave.
when /in which
where/ in which
why/ fr which
关系副词when,where,why
1.that与which的区别 2.对the way的考查 3.介词+关系词 1.对where的考查 2.as的使用 3.综合考查
1) D yu have anything ______ yu dn’t understand?2) The nly thing _____ we can d is t give yu sme advice.3) Wh is the man _____ is standing there?4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her mney, has been stlen.5) She heard a terrible nise， ______ brught her heart int her muth.
考点1：that 与 which
1:先行词是everything, nthing, anything, smething, much, little, nne等不定代词或 由不定代词any, sme, n, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用 which。2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时, 引导定语从句用that 。3: 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用 that 。4:先行词被the very, the nly,the last等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。5：当先行词前面有wh/which等疑问代词时，只用 that。
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _________________he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t understand. 2.The way _________________he explained t us was quite simple.
that/ which/不填
that/in which/不填
考点2：the way用做先行词
3. What surprised me was nt what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
1. D yu knw the by __ ____ yur mther is talking?2. He gave me sme nvels _____ ______ I am nt very familiar.3. I still remember the day ___ ____ I first gt t Paris.
5. (06浙江) I was given three bks n cking, the first ______I really enjyed. A. f that B. f which C. that D. which
This is the child whm/ that I will take care f.
4. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。
介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man whm yu spke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.
介词+关系代词的情况 2
The man wh/whm yu spke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.
Are these tw sentences right?
The man wh/whm yu spke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.
The man wh/whm yu spke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.
可见,wh、that 不能用与介词之后
介词+关系代词的情况 3
Is this the watch that yu are lking fr?The ld man whm I am lking after is better .
在固定短语中介词不能提前
下面两句中的介词能提前吗?
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper fr which yu ften write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can yu explain t me hw t use these idims abut which I’m sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the was funded.
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + f + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in ur class, tw- thirds f whm have been t Beijing.
关系代词前的介词的确定
5. Whse从句可转换为“ f +关系代词”型，如：e.g. They live in a huse, whse dr pens t the suth.
They lived in a huse, f which the dr pens t the suth. They lived in a huse, the dr f which pen t the suth.
1.  D yu like the bk she spent $10? 2.  D yu like the bk she paid $10?3.  D yu like the bk she learned a lt? 4.  D yu like the bk she ften talks? 5.  He built a telescpe he culd study 　　the skies.6. There is a tall tree utside, stands ur teacher.7.  China has a lt f rivers, the secnd lngest _______ is the Yellw River.8. The twer ________ peple can have a gd view is n the hill.9. The man ________ I spke n the phne last night is very gd at wrestling.10. He paid the by $10 fr washing ten windws, mst ______ hadn’t been cleaned fr at least a year.
thrugh which
under which
frm which
介词+关系代词的情况 练习
1. I’ve cme t the pint where I can’t stand him.2. The cuntry is in the situatin where a war will break ut at any time.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
难点一：where的用法
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰pint, situatin, degree, 和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
1.We are trying t reach a pint ____ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk. （山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. ---D yu have anything t say fr yurself? ---Yes, there’s ne pint ____ we must insist n . （江西） A. why B. where C. hw D. /
做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。
若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
The library ________ students ften study was n fire last night.The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library ________ yu visited yesterday was built in 1990.
区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句
where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
When yu read bks, yu had better make a mark at the spt where yu have any questins.When yu read bks , yu had better make a mark where yu have any questins.
as 引导的非限制性定语从句
The earth is rund._____ is knwn t all.The earth is rund,_____ is knwn t all._____ is knwn t all, the earth is rund______ is knwn t all that the earth is rund.
as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as yu knw/ as yu see/as we planned/as we expected
定语从句在句首时只能用as
as与which引导的定语从句的区别
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all knw, the earth is rund.2. 当与such,s或the same连用时，用as。e.g. Such bks as yu tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as yu.
G n Please!
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was　unexpected.
G n please!
4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be knwn，be said，be reprted等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tm has made great prgress, which made us happy.
as 引导的限制性定语从句 (1)
This is the same pen as I lst.This is the same pen that I lst.
Please cmpare:
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
这本书就是我丢的那本。
as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)
This is such an interesting bk ____ we all like.This is s interesting a bk _____ we all like.This is such an interesting bk ____we all like it.This is s interesting a bk ____we all like it.
Please cmplete the fllwing sentences and cmpare:
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)
这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)
综合考查一：定语从句与强调句
近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。
①  It is the huse where I met the yung man. (where 引导定语从句，修饰huse，where在定语 从句中作地点状语) ②  It was in the huse that I met the yung man. (本句为强调结构，可还原为 I met the yung man in the huse.)
where\that1.This is the library_____I brrwed the is frm this library____I brrwed the bk.
3. ---Where did yu last see Mr. Smith? ---It was in the htel____ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“…的”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或wh/whm代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： ①  We all have heard the news that ur team wn. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句 中不作任何成分) ②  We dn’t believe the news that/which he tld us yesterday. (定语从句，that 作tld 的宾语)
综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句
1. We all have heard the news_____ ur team wn.2. We dn’t believe the news _________ he tld us yesterday.
that/which
综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句
The place ____ the bridge is suppsed t be built shuld be_____ the crss-river traffic is the heaviest. （江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
试比较： ①  He left the key where he had been an hur befre. (where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) ② He left the place where he lived fr many years. (where 引导定语从句，修饰the place) ③ He is such a gd teacher as all f us lve and respect. (as 引导定语从句) ④ He is such a gd teacher that we all like him. (that引导结果状语从句,such…that… “如此…以致…”)
综合考查四：定语从句与状语从句
试比较： ①  As is knwn t us all, paper was first made in China. (as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首) ②  It is knwn t us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句)
综合考查五：定语从句与主语从句
高考真题练习 定语从句部分 （共14题）
1. His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, ______ was beynd his wildest dream. [上海卷] A. which B. thatC. where D. it2. —Where did yu get t knw her? —It was n the farm _____ we wrked. [山东卷] A. that B. there C. which D. where
3. The bk was written in 1946, _______ the educatin system has witnessed great charges. [山东卷]A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when4. Last week, nly tw peple came t lk at the huse, _______ wanted t buy it. [安徽卷]nne f them B. bth f them C. nne f whm D. neither f whm
5. We shuldn’t spent ur mney testing s many peple, mst f _____are healthy. [北京卷]A. that B. which C. what D. whm6. By serving thers, a persn fcuses n smene ther than himself r herself, _________ can be very eye-pening and rewarding. [湖南卷] A. wh B. which C. what D. that
7. He was educated at the lcal high schl, ______ he went n t Beijing University. [江苏卷] A. after whichB. after thatC. in which D. in that8. After graduatin she reached a pint in her career ____ she needed t decide what t d. [江西卷] A. that B. what C. which D. where
9. Sme pre-schl children g t a day care center, _______they learn simple games and sngs. [ 全国卷I] A. then B. there C. while D. where10. Tday, we’ll discuss a number f cases _____ beginners f English fail t use the language prperly. [陕西卷]A. whichB. asC. whyD. where
11. The thught f ging back hme was ____kept him happy while he was wrking abrad．[上海春]A. thatB. all thatC. all whatD. which12. It is reprted that tw schls，______ are being built in my hmetwn，will pen next year. [四川卷] A. they bth B. which bth C. bth f them D. bth f which
13. Thse successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _______ sight matters mre than hearing. [天津卷]A. when B. whse C. which D. where14. Chan’s restaurant n Baker Street, ______ used t be prly run, is nw a successful business. [浙江卷] A. that B. which C. wh D. where