中考英语专题练习 核心素养——文化意识（含解析）

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核心素养专题
核心素养——文化意识
跨文化交际
Passage 1(2019常德)
New Year's Eve
New Year's Eve, also called Old Year's Night, is celebrated on December 31st, the final day of the year. It is celebrated all over the world with parties and social gathering with usually a lot of fireworks and noise.
In the United States of America, New York is the place where this celebration is associated with. People gather in the Times Square just before midnight in the last minute of the countdown to see the “ball dropping”．
The celebration is also associated with parties in other parts of the world. In France, for instance, the celebration is called le Réveillon. Special food is prepared accompanied with champagne. People also go to the Eiffel Tower in Paris to see fireworks display. In Japan, people traditionally clean their home. Buddhist temple bells are rung 108 times at midnight. In Brazil, the beach of Copacabana is considered by many to be the place of the most beautiful fireworks show in the world.
On New Year's Eve, people commit themselves with resolutions. These are made to reform a habit and should go into effect and remain until fulfillment.
素材简述本文主要介绍了美国、法国、日本和巴西四个国家不同的新年前夕的庆祝方式。通过了解不同国家的文化差异，培养学生的全球化意识和开放心态，让学生懂得尊重世界多元文化的多样性和差异性，促进学生积极参与跨文化交流。
(　　)1. When is New Year's Eve celebrated?　　　　
A. On December 30th. B. On January 1st. C. On December 31st.
(　　)2. What is le Réveillon?
A. A kind of celebration. B. A kind of food. C. A kind of display.
(　　)3. How many countries are mentioned in the passage to celebrate New Year's Eve?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
(　　)4. In the last paragraph, “These” refers to “________”．
A. People B. Resolutions C. Habits
Passage 2(2019天水)
Job interviews(面试) can be very different from country to country. An interviewer's “body language” and questions, and the form of an interview are not the same around the world.
If you're at a job interview in Japan, don't look directly into the eyes of the interviewer. It is considered impolite. But if you're at an interview in the U．S., you should make eye contact(交流) with the interviewer. If you don't, the interviewer may think you are not sure about your ability.
In the U．S. and some other countries, interviewers aren't supposed to ask questions about family and personal information. In most countries, however, personal questions are very common during job interviews.
In Germany, your interview might begin with a very short conversation followed by a formal(正式的) interview. In Mexico and many other countries, the whole interview might not be formal.
素材简述本文主要介绍了不同国家面试官的表现和问话内容会有不同，应试者在应试时的反应也因处在不同的国家而不同。旨在教育学生要具有全球意识和开放心态，能尊重文化多样性，积极参与跨文化交流。
(　　)1. In Japan, looking directly into the eyes of the interviewer is________．
A. boring B. impolite C. humorous D. dangerous
(　　)2. What is suggested at an interview in the U．S. according to the text?
A. Sitting by the interviewer.
B. Making eye contact.
C. Talking about family background.
D. Asking personal information.
(　　)3. In________， a short talk usually begins before a formal interview.
A. Japan B. the U．S. C. Germany D. Mexico
(　　)4. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?
A. Culture. B. Geography. C. Science. D. Sports.
(　　)5. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Job Interviews in Japan B. Job Interviews in the U.S.
C. Job Interviews in Germany D. Job Interviews in Different Countries
Passage 3(2019内江)
Please Take my Children to Work Day (PTCW Day) first began as a holiday for hard­working and tired stay­at­home mothers to take a day off. Now, this day is fit for any parent. It was created in 2003 and is celebrated each year on June 25, but it isn't a public holiday. It encourages friends and family to take care of the children so that the stay­at­home parent can have some time to relax.
Kamehameha Day is held on June 11 each year. Kamehameha the Great was the monarch(君主) of Hawaii. He is famous and respected for establishing(建立)the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810. Kamehameha Day is a public holiday in Hawaii, and it is a day off for people. Schools and most businesses are closed.
D­Day is celebrated in the U．S. to memorize the Normandy landings in France on June 6, 1944. On the day, American army and other Allied forces(盟军) fought hard and the World War Ⅱ(WWⅡ) in Europe was over soon. It is not a public holiday. Businesses have normal opening hours.
Flag Day is celebrated on June 14 each year to honor the United States flag. On the same day, the United States Army celebrates its birthday. Although Flag Day is a great celebration across the country, it is not a public holiday.
素材简述本文主要介绍了不同国家的四个节假日的由来以及在那天人们可以做的事情。以此来帮助学生了解到更多国家的节日知识，增强学生的跨文化交际能力。
(　　)1. If you are a stay­at­home parent, what can you do to relax on PTCW Day?
A. Take a day off. B. Go to work earlier.
C. Look after children. D. Do some housework.
(　　)2. Which is a public holiday?
A. PTCW Day. B. Kamehameha Day.
C. D­Day. D. Flag Day.
(　　)3. When is the United States Army's birthday?
A. On June 6. B. On June 11.
C. On June 14. D. On June 25.
(　　)4. What can we know about D­Day?
A. It is celebrated in France.
B. The WWⅡ ended before 1944.
C. Businesses are closed for it.
D. The Normandy landings happened in 1944.
中国传统文化
Passage 4(2019黄冈)
In the state of Qin (秦国), there was a man called Shang Yang (商鞅). He was a statesman (政治家) and worked out many reforms(改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (报酬) to soldiers who were successful when at war.
But these reforms were not easily carried out(执行) at first. Most people didn't trust Shang Yang. In order to solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole.
Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.”
It was a simple job and the reward was so large. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke.
Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.”
This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces.
After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang Yang did about the pole. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang Yang began carrying out his reforms, the people followed him.
Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire(帝国)．
素材简述本文讲述了历史上伟大的政治家——商鞅，如何通过城门立木博得人们的信任，从而推行改革的故事。以此来引导学生了解中国的历史文化，尊重中华民族的优秀文明成果，激发学生的爱国热情。
(　　)1. What did Shang Yang do?
A. A statesman. B. A king. C. An emperor. D. A soldier.
(　　)2. In order to carry out his reforms, what idea did Shang Yang have?
A. Having a wooden pole carrying competition.
B. Having a wooden pole cutting competition.
C. The man stepping forward first would be praised.
D. The man carrying the pole from the south gate to the north one would get
some gold pieces.
(　　)3. Why did Shang Yang's reward increase at last?
A. Because a man stepped forward.
B. Because there wasn't enough time.
C. Because Shang Yang heard no answer.
D. Because Shang Yang was happy.
(　　)4. “They believed he was a_man_of_his_word．” What does the underlined part mean?
A. A man who can speak loudly. B. A man who likes to speak a lot.
C. A man who keeps his word. D. A man of few words.
(　　)5. After these great reforms, what happened in the history of China?
A. Shang Yang became the first emperor.
B. The first empire of China appeared.
C. The south gate fell down.
D. The state of Qin became weaker and weaker.
Passage 5(2019鄂州)
For Miller, an 80­year­old man, it's a chance of a lifetime. Miller is a part of a group of around 60 Germans who are on a bus journey along the ancient Silk Road.
About this journey, he says：“I have been deeply interested in the Silk Road since I was a child. But now I finally have a chance to experience it.”
The two­month bus journey will take the group through Germany, Russia and other 4 European countries. They will then enter China from the country's western part. It will be an unforgettable memory for them. Nearly half of the 13，000­kilometer trip will be inside China. From Xinjiang in the west to Shanghai in the east, the German visitors will see more than 20 Chinese cities. “We have managed the trip of the Silk Road for around 10 years. An increasing number of people, not only from German­speaking countries, have been joining us.” says Liu Guoqiang from China Tours.
Almost 26 million foreigners traveled to China in 2015, and about 5 million of them were from Europe. Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai and the Yangtze River are traditional Chinese travel destinations for European tourists. Speaking of where he wants to go, Miller says: “Compared with modern cities, the culture in western China attracts me more.”
As Shi Xiang, head of China Tours says, “Being a new brand to attract foreign visitors, the Silk Road is good for people to know more about China, especially the northwestern part of the country.”
素材简述本文主要介绍了一条大巴旅行线路——丝绸之路，这条线路吸引了很多的外国游客，并成为了他们了解中国西北部文化的一种方式。丝绸之路凝聚了中国几千年的文化和历史，也是中国与亚、非、欧各国经济文化交流的友谊之路。
(　　)1. How will the group of around 60 Germans have the tour?
A. By plane. B. By bus. C. On foot. D. By train.
(　　)2. Where will the German group enter China?
A. From Beijing.
B. From the western part of China.
C. From the eastern part of China.
D. From Shanghai.
(　　)3. The underlined word “destinations” in the fourth paragraph means ________．
A. 标志 B. 道路 C. 品牌 D. 目的地
(　　)4. According to the passage, how long has China Tours managed the trip?
A. For 20 years. B. For 5 years.
C. For 10 years. D. For 26 months.
(　　)5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Silk Road: An old brand to attract Chinese.
B. Silk Road: A new way to learn about China.
C. Silk Road: A better chance to see modern cities.
D. Silk Road: A fashionable way to buy silk.
Passage 6(2019菏泽)
Paper cutting is one of the traditional folk arts in China.It is a kind of popular folk arts and has been popular for about 1，500 years. Let's learn about paper cutting.
Wonderful meanings
Paper cutting has some wonderful meanings. In our mind, paper cuttings can always bring us happiness and good luck. At the Spring Festival, people put up “Fu”on doors or windows. At a wedding, people also put up “Xi”．
The largest paper cutting in the world
The largest paper cutting was made by Gao Xiaodong. It has an area of about 456 square meters. It is as large as a basketball court.
Why are most paper cuttings red?
In old times, people respected the sun. Red is the color of the sun. We always regard red as the symbol of hope and good luck. Now, we can still see red everywhere in China. The walls of old palaces are red. Lanterns are red. Weddings are always full of red things, too.
Black paper cutting in Shanzhou
It's true that most paper cuttings are red. But paper cuttings in Shanzhou, Henan Province are black. Black is the best color there. Shanzhou is a dry place. The local people make black paper cuttings to wish for rain.
素材简述本文主要介绍了剪纸这项中国传统民俗文化的相关内容。引导学生来关注中国传统民俗文化，并尊重中华民族的优秀文明成果。
1. What can paper cuttings always bring us in our mind?
____________________________________________________________________
2. Who made the largest paper cutting?
____________________________________________________________________
3. How do the local people in Shanzhou wish for rain?
____________________________________________________________________
4. 请把文中划线句子翻译成汉语。
____________________________________________________________________
5. 请给短文拟一个恰当的标题。
____________________________________________________________________
中国传统节日
Passage 7(2019泰安)

Chinese Farmers' Harvest(收获，收割) Festival is the first festival in China for farmers. The festival starting from 2018, falls on the Autumnal Equinox(秋分) each year. The Autumnal Equinox is one of the 24 solar terms(节气) of the Chinese lunar calendar and usually falls between September 22nd and 24th, during the country's harvest season.
As we all know, China has the largest population all over the world. It was difficult to feed the largest population in the past. After reform and opening(改革开放), with the development of modern agriculture (农业), people's life is getting better and better, and their living conditions have improved a lot. Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival shows that our government is paying more attention to agriculture and farmers' life. It will greatly encourage farmers to farm and develop further modern agriculture. China has a long history of agriculture. Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival, the cultural symbol, helps to show China's long farming culture to the world. It also connects the excellent traditional Chinese culture to modern civilization(文明) and improves the cultural self­confidence and national pride.
Since the festival is especially created for farmers, they are encouraged to think of their own ways to celebrate harvest. Some activities are held across the country, but most of the celebrations will take place at a local level that comes from local customs. Also, local government usually hosts all kinds of activities for the festival, such as folk culture performances, food tasting and so on.
Some people think the festival is the happiest time of a year, even better than the Spring Festival, because food gives people a sense of safety and hope. For other people, the harvest festival is a time to look back at the past and look forward to the future.
素材简述本文主要从日期、庆祝原因以及庆祝方式等方面介绍了中国的农民丰收节，旨在让学生传承和弘扬中国文化，增强学生对优秀中华文化的认同感。
(　　)1. We probably celebrate the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival on ________．
A. September 20th B. September 23rd
C. September 25th D. October 1st
(　　)2. The main purposes that Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival was created don't include ________．
A. showing the long history of farming culture of China
B. improving Chinese cultural self­confidence and national pride
C. encouraging Chinese farmers to give up local customs
D. connecting the traditional Chinese culture to modern civilization
(　　)3. We can learn from the third paragraph that ________.
A. the celebrations will be differently based on local customs
B. western countries also celebrate the Farmers' Harvest Festival
C. the Farmers' Harvest Festival is one of the Chinese traditional festivals
D. the Farmers' Harvest Festival is created for both farmers and workers
(　　)4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Farmers' Harvest Festival falls on different days in different areas in China.
B. The Farmers' Harvest Festival is the best time to harvest crops(庄稼) in the world.
C. The Farmers' Harvest Festival has been celebrated twice in our country so far.
D. China's modern agriculture has greatly developed because of reform and opening.
中外文学作品
Passage 8(2019长沙)
It is believed that Huck Finn is based on(基于) a childhood friend of Mark Twain's. In fact, Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character(虚构的角色) on a real­life person.
Severus Snape/John Nettleship
Severus Snape is a skillful wizard(巫师) teaching magic in Harry Potter. The writer, J．K.Rowling, once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers.
The teacher turned out to be John Nettleship, who taught Rowling chemistry. At first, Nettleship felt surprised. “I know I am a strict teacher，” he said. “But I don't think I am as bad as Snape！” On second thoughts, however, he said that he was so ill­tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad. Also, he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab. That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans.
Alice/Alice Liddell
Famously, Lewis Carroll's Alice in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is based on Alice Liddell.
Carroll was close to the Liddell family. One day, ten­year­old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story. Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole. The little girl liked the story so much that she asked him to write it down. And the rest is history.
Dill/Truman Capote
In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee based Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote. Capote once said, “Lee was my best friend. Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird? I'm a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived！”
素材简述《哈利·波特》、《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》和《杀死一只知更鸟》的作者们讲述了他们在作品中所创造的人物角色都是以现实生活中的人物为原型。通过阅读此文章可以让学生更深层次地了解到三本文学作品中的人物，并激发学生阅读和探索文学作品的兴趣，有利于提高学生的文学水平。
(　　)1. Snape and Nettleship have something in common EXCEPT ________．
A. their jobs B. their looks C. their hobbies
(　　)2. What does the underlined word“ill­tempered”mean in Paragraph 3?
A. 沉着冷静的 B. 优柔寡断的 C. 脾气暴躁的
(　　)3. What made Carroll decide to create Alice's Adventures in Wonderland?
A. Alice Liddell's requirement.
B. His great interest in rabbits.
C. His experience of travelling.
(　　)4. Being a character of To Kill a Mockingbird, Truman Capote felt ________．
A. proud B. unsatisfied C. surprised
(　　)5. The text is mainly about ________．
A. purposes of writing fictional stories
B. introductions to famous writers' childhood friends
C. characters of fictional stories from real­life persons
Passage 9 (2019盐城)
People have told stories about Robin Hood for over 700 years. Nobody knows if he was a real person or an invented character. In the legends, Robin was extremely smart and humorous. He loved laughing and playing tricks on others. Robin had a good heart. In several adventures, he helped strangers, and later his kindness paid off.
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood appeared in 1883. It was Howard Pyle's first book and it was a great success.
At the beginning of the story, Robin was just a young man, who was good at archery(射箭术). One day he was walking through Sherwood Forest, a royal hunting forest near Nottingham in England. There he got into trouble with a group of men. Among them, he killed the cousin of the Sheriff(郡长)of Nottingham. Robin became a legendary outlaw,__and soon the leader of one hundred outlaws, known as his “Merry Men”．
Robin and his “Merry Men”always looked for rich people and asked them to their camp in Sherwood Forest. When they arrived, Robin gave them a good meal and played music for them. Then he took their gold away to help the poor. Robin became most famous for “robbing from the rich and giving to the poor”．
The Sheriff of Nottingham was Robin's greatest enemy. He was cruel and treated the poor badly. It was his job to keep the woods safe and to make sure that nobody stole the king's deer. He hated Robin because Robin was an outlaw. But most of all, he hated Robin because everyone else loved him. The Sheriff of Nottingham kept trying to catch Robin Hood and his “Merry Men”， but never succeeded.
Centuries ago people loved to tell stories of Robin Hood. Later he became a famous character in books, and nowadays Robin is still a well­loved hero in literature, theatre, TV and films.
素材简述本文主要介绍了《罗宾汉奇遇记》这本书的主人公罗宾汉的生平事迹。通过阅读此文章，让学生对外国文学作品有所了解，有利于其文化积淀。
(　　)1. What was Robin Hood like according to the passage?
A. Clever and full of fun. B. Smart and serious.
C. Cruel to the poor people. D. Good at telling stories.
(　　)2. The underlined word “outlaw” in Paragraph 3 means ________．
A. enemy B. criminal C. king D. fighter
(　　)3. What was Robin Hood best known for?
A. Playing beautiful music for the rich.
B. Robbing the rich and helping the poor.
C. Stealing the king's deer in Sherwood Forest.
D. Killing the cousin of the Sheriff of Nottingham.
(　　)4. Which is the right order of what happened in the story?
①Robin became the leader of a group of outlaws.
②Robin asked the rich people to Sherwood Forest.
③Robin killed the cousin of the Sheriff of Nottingham.
④Robin gave poor people the gold he took away from the rich.
A. ①④②③ B. ②③①④
C. ③①④② D. ③①②④
(　　)5. What can we learn from the first and last paragraphs?
A. Robin Hood was a real man who once lived in England.
B. People can only read stories of Robin Hood from books.
C. The stories of Robin Hood are still very popular nowadays.
D. Robin Hood didn't get help from strangers who he once helped.
中外文化理解
Passage 10 (2019遵义)
English is becoming more and more popular in China. It can be used in every field, such as on some signs and restaurant menus. But there are some problems when people use it. Perhaps you've seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from native(地道的) English? In fact, foreigners from English­speaking countries seldom use the letters.
Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.
“WC, or water closet, is old­fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me.” says Nancy, a young woman from the US. The old sign will become “Gents/Men”and “Ladies/Women”．“I see much poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs，” she says, “I know what they mean, but they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me ‘My hometown is Guizhou Province，’ I know he or she should say ‘My hometown is in Guizhou Province’. Hometown is a smaller place in a province.” The common mistakes that Nancy picked up include “Not Entry”， which should be “No Entry”， “Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “Room Rate”， not “Room Price”. And remember to “Keep off the Grass” rather than “Care of the Green”．
The next time you walk on the street or eat in the restaurant, you can go and see if the expressions are right.
素材简述本文以对“WC”的理解为基点来对比中式英语和地道英语，旨在加深学生对英语国家文化的理解，而且学生可以借此学到一些常用的地道表达，有利于提高学生的语言能力。
(　　)1. Who seldom uses letters of “WC” according to the passage?
A. Chinese students. B. Foreigners from other countries.
C. Teachers in China. D. English­speaking foreigners.
(　　)2. What's the attitude (态度) of the government towards the bad English on signs?
A. It's native. B. It should be changed.
C. It doesn't matter. D. It can be used on signs.
(　　)3. When Nancy sees much poor English in everyday life, ________．
A. she thinks it should be corrected B. she thinks it is dirty
C. she thinks it is proper D. she likes to use it
(　　)4. Which of the following signs is Right?
A. Not Entry B. Room Price
C. To the Airport D. Care of the Green
(　　)5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Chinglish on menus. B. Money spent on Chinglish.
C. Usages of native English. D. Letters of “WC”．
Passage 11(2019贵阳)
Many people love travelling to different countries, but if you plan to go abroad, you should know how to behave in different situations around the world.
Most travellers enjoy meeting new people, but sometimes you can be rude without saying anything. In Russia, you should never shake hands in a doorway, and if you're travelling in Thailand, never touch people's heads or point your feet at people. When the Japanese meet new people, they like giving business cards—but you should read the card carefully, not just put it in your pocket.
In most countries in Europe people expect a lot of eye contact when you talk to them, but in many Asian countries a lot of eye contact seems unfriendly. And in South America people usually stand quite close to each other when they talk, but in countries like the USA you need to give people more personal space. Also, it's rude to interrupt Japanese people while they are talking to you. You must wait until they finish before you start speaking.
In restaurants in China you can leave a bit of food on your plate. It's OK to start smoking before other people finish eating, which you mustn't do in the UK. When in India, remember to eat with your right hand. Also avoid leaving empty bottles on the dinner table in Russia—that's bad luck.
When you're travelling in Asia, if someone invites you to his or her home, don't forget to take off your shoes when you arrive. And if you visit an Arab family's home, don't admire anything valuable because your host will feel he should give it to you as a present.
With so much to think about, it's not surprising that many people prefer going on holiday in their own countries—or you might just decide to stay at home!
素材简述本文主要从不同国家的肢体语言、面对面交流、餐桌礼仪和在别人家里的不同习俗进行了介绍。旨在引导学生了解不同国家的风俗习惯，规范自己的行为，学会尊重别人，学会与不同文化背景的人交流。
(　　)1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. We can admire anything valuable in an Arab family's home.
B. In China, people cannot smoke before other people finish eating.
C. In Russia, it's impolite to shake hands with people in a doorway.
(　　)2. What does the underlined word “interrupt” mean in Chinese?
A. 跟随 B. 打断 C. 附和
(　　)3. What is the correct order of the subheadings(小标题) from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 5?
①Eating out　②In the home　③Body language　④Face­to­face communication
A. ②③④① B. ④①②③ C. ③④①②
(　　)4. What does the writer want to tell us?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
(　　)5. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Culture Shock B. Table Manners C. Public Rules
价值取向
Passage 12(2019山西)
Grass is, of course, a plant which grows in the field; a plant which some kinds of animals like to eat. When there has been plenty of 1 ， the grass is green. When the weather has been dry, the grass is brown. Animals like to eat grass when it is 2 and fresh. And if the grass in one place is greener than the rest, animals 3 to eat that grass. An animal in a field may look over the fence(篱笆) into the next field, where perhaps there are no animals and the grass in the field 4 greener. But if the animal could get into that field, it would find that the grass is really the same. It just seems better from a distance(远处). So that's the __5__ of the expression “The grass is greener on the other side of the fence”．
We sometimes only say “The grass is 6 greener on the other side.” We use the expression to describe the situation—someone looks at distant things and feels they are better than the things around him. But 7 he could go to the distant place, he would find that life there is just as difficult. So don't always think that other people have a better situation. Just be 8 with what you have had. Enjoy and value it!
素材简述本文主要介绍了草以及与草有关的谚语。旨在告诉学生不要这山望着那山高，要学会珍惜并享受自己所拥有的东西。
(　　)1A. rain B. snow C. sunlight
(　　)2. A. green B. brown C. yellow
(　　)3. A. refuse B. prefer C. agree
(　　)4. A. smells B. tastes C. looks
(　　)5. A. form B. meaning C. advice
(　　)6. A. seldom B. sometimes C. always
(　　)7. A. when B. because C. unless
(　　)8. A. angry B. strict C. happy
Passage 13(2019孝感)
At a dark night, a man came to a lonely village. When he walked slowly, a yellow light suddenly __1__ at the end of the road. It came from a __2__ which was carried by a man. A villager near him said, “Here Blind Sun comes.”
“Blind？” the man said, “That's too __3__. A blind man has no idea of day and night, can't __4__ the beauty of nature, or even doesn't know what the light is. Wasn't he funny to carry a lantern？”
As the lantern was coming near, the yellow light moved gradually to the man. The man asked, “__5__， may I ask you whether you're really blind？”
The blind man answered, “Yes, the moment I stepped into the world, I can't see __6__．”
The man asked, “In that case, __7__ do you carry a lantern？”
The blind man smiled, “At night all the people without light are just as blind __8__ me, so I light a lantern.”
The man said, “I see, you light for others.”
But the blind man said, “No, I do it for __9__．”
“For yourself? But there is no __10__ to do that.” the man felt surprised again.
The blind man explained, “Were you ever knocked by others __11__ the dark？”
The man nodded, “Yes, sometimes.”
The blind man said proudly, “Believe it or not, I __12__ knocked anyone. Although I'm blind, I carry the lantern, not only light for others, but let others see me, __13__ they won't knock me.”
After hearing that, the man was lost in thought...
In fact, everyone has a lamp in himself, light it actively not only for others, but also for yourself—Never put yourself in a dark __14__. When you feel left out and find it hard to __15__ well with others, are you ready to light your lamp?
素材简述本文通过一个盲人在黑暗里打灯笼的故事告诉我们一个道理：我们每个人心中都应该有一盏属于自己的灯，无论是处于逆境中还是处于顺境中，我们都应该尽量点亮这盏灯，乐观地生活。而点亮它不仅仅是用于帮助照亮别人，更是为了照亮自己前行的路。
(　　)1.A. appeared B. fell C. went D. closed
(　　)2.A. basket B. toy C. lantern D. bag
(　　)3.A. easy B. clear C. useful D. strange
(　　)4. A. hear B. enjoy C. touch D. play
(　　)5.A. Excuse me B. Come on C. I'm sorry D. Never mind
(　　)6.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
(　　)7.A. how B. why C. where D. which
(　　)8.A. as B. like C. to D. of
(　　)9.A. yourself B. himself C. myself D. ourselves
(　　)10. A. time B. need C. way D. problem
(　　)11. A. such as B. instead of C. because of D. as for
(　　)12. A. always B. never C. often D. usually
(　　)13. A. after B. so C. if D. because
(　　)14. A. situation B. village C. dream D. country
(　　)15. A. turn on B. hold on C. put on D. get on
行为准则
Passage 14(2019长沙)
Summer is here. One of the best ways to cool off on a hot summer day is to jump into a swimming pool. Swimming is great exercise, and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends. 1. ________， so it's important to stay safe as you do it. Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
●Swim only in areas set for swimming.
Don't swim unless there is a lifeguard(救生员) on duty. If you're on a beach near the ocean, this is especially important. In some places, fast currents(急流) can sweep swimmers away without warning. So if a sign says “no swimming”， please take care.
●Be careful when diving(跳水) into the water headfirst.
Most pools have deep ends where diving is safe. In natural water, don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough. 2. ________， causing injury(伤害) or death.
●Make sure you have a partner with you.
Nobody knows what will happen while you are swimming. If something goes wrong, you can get help from that person as soon as possible. In this situation, 3.________．
●Pay close attention to children's safety.
Kids who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, 4. ________. If you have a pool at home, put a fence(围栏) around it in case children fall in. And if a child disappears, check the pool first.
A. skilled kids may forget green hands
B. so an adult should always be present
C. But swimming can also be dangerous
D. a few seconds can make a big difference
E. Or you could hit your head on the bottom
素材简述本文作者就夏季游泳存在安全隐患这一问题，提出了预防措施和建议。旨在告诉学生遵守规则的同时，也要学会保护自己。
Passage 15(2019日照)
Abby's father was taking her to visit her grandmother. Abby was going to be away for three months. “I can't leave Tobias behind，” she said.“You will have to，”said her father. “You can't take Tobias into another country.”
Abby thought it was a silly rule. “I will take him，” she said to herself. So she put him in a sock and packed it in her bag.
At the airport, Abby put her bag by the x­ray machine. Abby felt her legs shaking as the bag was going through the machine. She hoped Tobias in the bag made no noise. The woman by the machine smiled and said, “Have a good flight.”
On the plane, Abby waited until her dad and the woman next to her fell asleep. Then she opened the sock to look at Tobias. But he jumped out of the sock and landed on the woman's knee. The woman cried loudly, “A mouse！” Abby quickly put Tobias into the sock and back into her bag.
Before they landed, Dad filled out a form, choosing no to: Are you bringing any live animals into the country?
She saw the man frown(皱眉) as her bag went through the x­ray machine. She watched when he opened the bag and pulled out the sock.
“Come with me, please.”
Abby followed her dad into a small room. There was a police officer and Tobias in the sock was on the desk. The police officer talked to Abby's dad, “You have tried to smuggle(走私) an animal into this country.” Abby felt fear came all over her body. “It's my fault(过错)，” she said in a small voice.“I didn't want to leave him behind.” “Have you ever been in trouble before？” the officer asked as he wrote “animal smuggler” next to her name. Abby opened her mouth but no sound came out.
Tobias had to be in quarantine(隔离)for six months, which cost a lot of money. And Abby wouldn't be able to visit her grandmother again. Now, she learned there was a good reason for rules.
素材简述本文讲述了Abby要去国外看望奶奶，由于不想将自己的宠物鼠留在家里而偷偷将它带上了飞机，下飞机后被安检人员发现了，为此她被加以走私罪。从这次事件中，Abby明白了规则的重要性。文章旨在告诉学生不仅要做一名遵守校纪校规的好学生，也要做一名遵纪守法的好公民。
(　　)1. Who was Tobias?
A. A sock. B. Abby's toy. C. A mouse. D. Abby's brother.
(　　)2. How did Abby feel by the x­ray machine?
A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Unhappy. D. Relaxed.
(　　)3. Why were Abby and her dad asked into a small room?
A. Abby told a lie.
B. Dad forgot to fill out a form.
C. They were thought to be smuggling animals.
D. They were asked to explain what happened on the plane.
(　　)4. Which of the following is true?
A. Dad knew Abby was taking Tobias with her.
B. Taking Tobias brought Abby much trouble.
C. The police officer wrote “animal smuggler” next to Dad's name.
D. Tobias was found out by the woman beside the x­ray machine.
(　　)5. What lesson did Abby learn?
A. Never to take Tobias around. B. Always to follow rules.
C. Never to smuggle animals. D. Always to tell the truth.






全国真题英语学科核心素养试题精选
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个国家不同的新年前夕的庆祝方式。
1. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：人们在什么时候庆祝新年前一夜？根据第一段第一句 “New Year's Eve, also called Old Year's Night, is celebrated on December 31st...”可知是在12月31号庆祝，故选C。
2. A　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：什么是le Réveillon？根据第三段第二句 “In France, for instance, the celebration is called le Réveillon.”可知这是一种庆祝，故选A。
3. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：文章中提到了多少个国家庆祝新年前夜？根据第二、三段提到的国家the United States of America, France, Japan和Brazil可知一共提到了四个国家，故选B。
4. B　【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：在最后一段中，“These”指的是 。根据原文最后一段These之前提到的 “On New Year's Eve, people commit themselves with resolutions.”可知提到了新年前夕人们会下定一些决心，这里的These是指resolutions，故选B。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。不同国家面试官的表现和问话内容会有不同，所以应试者在应试时的反应也因处在不同的国家而不同。
1. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在日本，直视面试官的眼睛是 。从第二段第一、二句“If you're at a job interview in Japan, don't look directly into the eyes of the interviewer. It is considered impolite.”可知，在日本直视面试官的眼睛是不礼貌的。故选B。
2. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，在美国面试时有什么是被建议的？从第二段第三句“But if you're at an interview in the U．S., you should make eye contact(交流) with the interviewer.”可知，在美国面试时，应与面试官有眼神交流。故选B。
3. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在 ，在正式面试前通常会有简短的谈话。从第四段第一句“In Germany, your interview might begin with a very short conversation followed by a formal(正式的) interview.”可知，在德国，在正式面试之前或许有个简短的对话作为开场。故选C。
4. A　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们能在杂志的哪一部分读到这篇文章？通读全文内容，这篇文章主要谈及不同的国家面试方式的不同，这应该属于文化话题。故选A。
5. D　【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：本文最好的标题是什么？通读全文内容，根据第一段第一句“Job interviews(面试)can be very different from country to country.”可知，本文主要介绍的是不同国家的面试文化。故选D。
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个节假日的由来以及在那天人们可以做的事情。
1. A　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果你是一个全职的家长，在PTCW日你能做些什么来放松一下？根据第一段第一句“Please Take my Children to Work Day (PTCW Day) first began as a holiday for hard­working and tired stay­at­home mothers to take a day off.”可知在家照顾孩子的家长们可以放一天假。故选A。
2. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪一个是公共假日？根据第二段最后两句“Kamehameha Day is a public holiday in Hawaii...”可知Kamehameha Day是公共假日。故选B。
3. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：美国建军节是什么时候？根据第四段第一、二句“Flag Day is celebrated on June 14 each year to honor the United States flag. On the same day, the United States Army celebrates its birthday.”可知每年6月14日是国旗日，以纪念美国国旗。同日，美国军队庆祝生日。故选C。
4. D　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：关于D­Day我们知道些什么？根据第三段第一句“D­day is celebrated in the U．S. to memorize the Normandy landings in France on June 6, 1944. ”可知诺曼底登陆发生在1944年。故选D。
Passage 4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了历史上伟大的政治家——商鞅，如何通过城门立木博得人们的信任，从而推行改革的故事，以及商鞅变法对中国社会的影响。
1. A　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：商鞅是做什么的？根据第一段第二句“He was a statesman(政治家)．..”可知商鞅是个政治家，故选A。
2. D　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为了推行他的改革，商鞅想了什么办法？根据第二段倒数第二句“He put a thin wooden...”和第三段内容可知答案，故选D。
3. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么商鞅最后增加了奖励？根据第五段第一句话“Hearing no answer...”可知答案，故选C。
4. C　【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：“They believed he was a man of his word．”中的划线部分是什么意思？根据短语所在句子的后一句“So when Shang Yang began carrying out his reforms, the people followed him.”可知“a man of his word”的意思是 “一个一诺千金的人”，故选C。
5. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在这些伟大的变革之后，中国历史发生了什么？根据最后一段最后一句“At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire(帝国)．”可知秦最后统一了六国。故选B。
Passage 5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了一条大巴旅行线路——丝绸之路，它途径德国、俄罗斯、其他四个欧洲国家和中国的20多个城市，这条线路吸引了很多的外国游客，成为了他们了解中国西北部文化的一种方式。
1. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：大约60个德国人的团体将如何旅行？根据文中第一段第二句“Miller is a part of a group of around 60 Germans who are on a bus journey along the ancient Silk Road.”可知团体是乘坐大巴车旅行。故选B。
2. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：德国旅行团将从哪里进入中国？根据文中第三段第二句“They will then enter China from the country's western part.”可知他们会从中国的西部进入中国。故选B。
3. D　【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第四段中画线单词“destinations”的意思是 。联系画线单词所在的句子“Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai and the Yangtze River are traditional Chinese travel destinations for European tourists.”可知这些地方是欧洲游客在中国旅行的传统目的地，可推测出“destinations”表示“目的地”。故选D。
4. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，中国之旅管理了这条旅行线多久？根据文中第三段第六句“We have managed the trip of the Silk Road for around 10 years.”可知答案。故选C。
5. B　【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章最好的标题是哪一个？根据文章中心句“Being a new brand to attract foreign visitors, the Silk Road is good for people to know more about China, especially the northwestern part of the country.”可知丝绸之路这条旅行线是外国游客了解中国尤其是中国西北部的一种新方式。结合选项可知B项最符合文意。故选B。
Passage 6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了剪纸这项中国传统民俗文化的相关内容。主要从四个方面来介绍：绝妙的意义；世界上最大的剪纸；为什么大多数的剪纸是红色的；陕州的黑色剪纸。
1. Happiness and good luck. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：剪纸总是给我们留下什么印象？根据第二段第二句“...always bring us happiness and good luck.”可知为快乐和好运。
2. Gao Xiaodong. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：谁制作了最大的剪纸？根据第三段第一句“The largest paper cutting was made by Gao Xiaodong.”可知最大的剪纸是高晓东做的。
3. By making black paper cuttings. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在陕州，当地人怎样祈雨？根据文章最后一段最后一句“The local people make black paper cuttings to wish for rain.”可知陕州当地人剪黑色剪纸来祈雨。
4. 我们总是把红色当作希望和好运的象征。　【解析】句子翻译题。“regard...as” 把……当作；“symbol”象征。
5. Paper cutting. 【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知主要讲的是剪纸这种传统文化。
Passage 7
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要从日期、庆祝原因以及庆祝方式等方面介绍了中国的农民丰收节。
1. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们可能在 庆祝中国的农民丰收节。根据第一段最后一句“...usually falls between September 22nd and 24th, during the country's harvest season.”可知只有B项符合，故选B。
2. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：创造中国农民丰收节的主要原因不包括 。根据文章第二段最后两句“Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival, the cultural symbol...cultural self­confidence and national pride.”可知没有提及C项。故选C。
3. A　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从第三段我们知道 。根据第三段内容中“Some activities are held across the country, but most of the celebrations will take place at a local level that comes from local customs.”可知本地风俗不同，庆祝的活动和方式不同。故选A。
4. D　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据文章下列哪一项是正确的？根据第二段第三句“After reform and opening(改革开放), with the development of modern agriculture(农业), people's life is getting better and better...”可推知由于改革开放，中国的农业得到了很大的发展。
Passage 8
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章中作者介绍了许多作品中的人物都是基于现实生活中的人物，并举例子进行了说明。其中，《哈利·波特》、《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》和《杀死一只知更鸟》的作者们讲述了他们在作品中所创造的人物角色都是以现实生活中的人物为原型。
1. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Snape和Nettleship有相同之处，除了 。从文章第二段第二句“The writer, J. K. Rowling, once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers.”及第三段最后两句“Also, he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab. That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans.”由此可以看出，Snape和Nettleship的职业和外貌相似。故选C。
2. C　【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中划线词汇“ill­tempered”的意思是什么？从划线词汇后“...that most of his students avoided making him mad.”可以推断出该老师脾气不好。故选C。
3. A　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：什么使得Carroll决定去创作《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》？从文章第五段第二、三句“One day, ten­year­old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story. Carroll began to...”可知，Carroll之所以去创作《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》是因为Alice要求Carroll去讲一个新故事，Carroll才去创作《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》的。故选A。
4. A　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作为《杀死一只知更鸟》中的一个角色，Truman Capote感到 。从文章最后一段Capote的话“Lee was my best friend. Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird? I'm a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived！”可以看出Capote为能成为故事里的一个角色倍感骄傲。故选A。
5. C　【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要是关于 。从文章第一段第一句“It is believed that Huck Finn is based on(基于) a childhood friend of Mark Twain's.”及下文黑色小标题的人物对比可以看出，文章主要讲述了许多作者作品中的人物都是基于现实生活中的人物而进行创作的。故选C。
Passage 9
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《罗宾汉奇遇记》这本书的主人公罗宾汉的生平事迹。
1. A　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，罗宾汉是个怎样的人？根据第一段第三句“In the legends, Robin was extremely smart and humorous.”可知他既聪明又幽默，故选A。
2. B　【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段的划线单词“outlaw”是什么意思？根据该词的构成可猜测其行为与法律相悖，结合文章内容和选项以及下文劫富济贫可知此处应为“罪犯”，故选B。
3. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：罗宾汉以什么最为出名？根据倒数第三段最后一句“Robin became most famous for ‘robbing from the rich and giving to the poor'.”可知以劫富济贫最为出名，故选B。
4. D　【解析】句子排序题。题干意为：故事发生的正确顺序是哪个？根据文章内容可知罗宾汉先杀了郡长的表兄弟，接着成为了首领，然后让富人去舍伍德森林那里把钱留下，然后他把钱送给穷人。故选D。
5. C　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：通过第一段和最后一段我们能知道什么？根据第一段和最后一段的内容可知罗宾汉是个聪明幽默、劫富济贫的好人，这个人物的故事如今还广为流传。故选C。
Passage 10
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了人们在生活及英语学习中碰到的一些不规范的英语表达以及政府为改变这一现象所做的努力。
1. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章谁很少使用“WC”这些字母表达？根据第一段最后一句可知，来自英语国家的外国人是很少这样用的。故选D。
2. B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：针对标语中不规范的英语，政府的态度是什么？根据第二段第二句“The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus.”可知，政府对这件事情的态度是非常重视的，必须改掉不规范的英语。故选B。
3. A　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：当Nancy见到很多日常生活中的不规范英语时， 。根据文章第三段内容可知，Nancy认为这些不规范的英语应该被纠正。故选A。
4. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面的标志哪个是正确的？根据文中第三段的描述可知，只有C项是规范的英语。故选C。
5. C 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：本文的主旨是什么？通读全文可知，只有C项全面概括了文章的内容，故选C。
Passage 11
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要从四个方面介绍了不同国家之间不同的文化差异。
1. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面哪一项说法是正确的？根据第二段第二句“In Russia, you should never shake hands in a doorway...” 可知，在俄罗斯，你不应该在门口与别人握手，所以C项正确；根据第四段第一、二句“In restaurants in China you can leave a bit of food on your plate. It's OK to start smoking...”可知在中国的饭店，别人吃完饭之前吸烟是可以的，所以B项错误；根据第五段最后一句 “And if you visit an Arab family's home, don't admire anything valuable...”可知A选项不正确。故选C。
2. B　【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为： 划线单词“interrupt”的汉语意思是什么？结合本句句意，根据第三段最后一句“You must wait until they finish before you start speaking.”可知，你必须等他们说完你才能说，因为当别人说话时，打断别人是不礼貌的。故选B。
3. C　【解析】篇章结构题。题干意为：从第二段到第五段的小标题的正确顺序是什么？通读第二段可知，本段主要说的是非语言交际，即肢体语言；通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍面对面交流时眼神的接触，彼此间的距离等问题，即面对面交流；通读第四段可知，本段主要说的是在不同国家吃饭时需要注意什么，即外出吃饭；第五段主要说的是去别人家做客需要注意什么，即在别人家。故选C。
4. C　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者想要告诉我们什么？通读全文并结合第一段“Many people love travelling to different countries, but if you plan to go abroad, you should know how to behave in different situations around the world.”可知，当去不同国家旅行时，要注意自己的行为，即要入乡随俗。故选C。
5. A　【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章最好的标题是什么？通读全文可知，本文主要说的是不同国家之间的不同的习俗和文化。故选A。
Passage 12
【主旨大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要介绍了草，并通过与草有关的谚语来告诉我们要珍惜并享受我们所拥有的东西。
1. A　【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当有充足的 的时候，草是绿的。rain 雨；snow雪；sunlight 阳光。分析语境可知此处指“雨水充足时，草地是绿色的。”故选A。
2. A　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：动物喜欢吃新鲜的 草。 green绿色的；brown 褐色的；yellow黄色的。根据常识判断，动物应该喜欢吃新鲜的青草，故选A。
3. B　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个地方的草比另一个地方的更绿，那么动物就 吃那个地方的草。根据句意及常识可知指“更喜欢”。故选B。
4. C　【解析】考查感官动词词义辨析。句意：田野里的动物可能会越过篱笆到另一片田野，那里也许没有动物，草 更绿。分析语境可知此处指“看起来”。故选C。
5. B　【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以这就是“这山望着那山高”这句话的 。 根据语境可知此处指“这就是这句话的意思”。故选B。
6. C　【解析】考查频度副词词义辨析。句意：有时候我们只说“山坡那边的草 更绿。”根据语境及常识可知，空格处表示“总是”。故选C。
7. A　【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是 他可以去一个遥远的地方时，他会发现那里的生活同样艰难。when 当……时候；because 因为；unless 除非。分析语境可知，本句是时间状语从句。故选A。
8. C　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只要为你所拥有的感到 就好了。angry 生气的；strict 严格的；happy 快乐的。分析语境可知此处指“只要乐于你所拥有的东西就好”。故选C。
Passage 13
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一个盲人在黑暗里打灯笼的故事告诉我们一个道理：我们每个人心中都应该有一盏属于自己的灯，无论是处于逆境还是顺境，我们都应该尽量点亮这盏灯，乐观地生活。而点亮它不仅仅是用来帮助照亮别人，更是为了照亮自己前行的路。
1. A　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他慢慢走着，一束黄色的光突然 在路的尽头。根据语境分析，这里应该是表达“一束光突然出现在了路的尽头”。故选A。
2. C　【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：光线来自于一个男人手中拿着的 。basket篮子；toy玩具；lantern灯笼；bag包。根据后文中的“Wasn't he funny to carry a lantern？”可知，这束光线是来自于男人手中拿着的灯笼。故选C。
3. D　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“瞎子？”那人说：“那太 ……”根据后文“A blind man has no idea of day and night... he funny to carry a lantern？”可知，看到一个盲人拿着一个灯笼照明，那个人应该是感到很奇怪的。故选D。
4. B　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“……盲人不分昼夜，不能 大自然的美，甚至不知道光是什么。他打着灯笼难道不滑稽吗？”根据语境分析，这里应该是表达盲人不能欣赏大自然的美丽。故选B。
5. A　【解析】考查情景交际。句意：这个男人问到：“ ，我想问问你是否真的是盲人？”根据语境分析，这里应该是表达委婉地询问别人。故选A。
6. D　【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：这个盲人回答道：“是的，从我出生开始，我就不能看见 。”根据上下文理解，这里应该是说这个盲人是先天失明的，什么都看不到，故选D。
7. B　【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那个人问到：“那样的话，你 拿着一个灯笼？”根据上下文分析，这里应该是询问那个盲人打着灯笼的原因。故选B。
8. A　【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：这个盲人笑着说：“在晚上，没有灯的人们就 我一样看不到。因此我点一个灯笼。”根据句意理解，这里应该是表示晚上没有灯的人们和那个盲人一样看不到。分析句子结构，这里考查固定搭配as...as...像……一样……。故选A。
9. C　【解析】考查反身代词词义辨析。句意：但是这个盲人说道：“不，我是为 而做的。”根据下文“For yourself？”可以推测，这里应该是盲人在说他打灯笼是为了他自己。故选C。
10. B　【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“为了你自己？但是没有 那样做。”那个男人再次感到惊讶。根据语境分析，这个男人应该是觉得盲人没有必要打灯笼。故选B。
11. C　【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个盲人解释道：“你是否曾经 黑暗而被别人撞到过？”分析句意，空格前后具有因果关系。所以这里应该是表达“你是否因为黑暗而被别人撞到过”。故选C。
12. B　【解析】考查频度副词词义辨析。句意：那个盲人自豪地说：“不管你相信与否，我 撞到过别人……”。根据文章理解及后文“Although I'm blind, I carry the lantern, not only light for others, but let others see me...”可知，这里盲人应该是说他没有撞到过别人。故选B。
13. B　【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我是盲人，但我提着灯笼，不仅为别人照明，而且可以让别人看见我， 他们将不会撞到我。根据语境可知这里要填入一个表示结果的连词连接句子。故选B。
14. A　【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，每个人都有一盏他自己的灯。积极地点亮它不仅是为了别人，也是为了自己——永远不要把你自己置于黑暗的 。根据句意分析，这里是一种抽象的表达，结合备选项，这里应该是表达“不要把自己置于一种黑暗的情况中”，故选A。
15. D　【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你觉得被忽视了，很难和别人相处融洽时，你准备好点灯了吗？根据句子结构及句意分析，这里考查固定搭配get on well with与……相处融洽。故选D。
Passage 14
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章中作者就夏季游泳存在安全隐患这一问题，提出了预防措施和建议。
1. C　【解析】上文提到“游泳是一种很好的锻炼，去泳池或沙滩游泳也是与朋友们玩得开心的好方式。”接下来又提到“安全的重要性”并给出了安全游泳的注意事项。由此可以推断出此处为表转折的语句，提出游泳存在危险。结合备选项内容可知C项“但是游泳也可能是危险的”符合语境。起到承上启下的作用。故选C。
2. E　【解析】从空前一句“In natural water, don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough.”提出不知道水深度的危险性；接下来一句“...causing injury(伤害)or death.”由此可以推断出，不知道水深做出的危险动作会造成严重的后果，结合备选项内容可知E项“否则你的头会撞到底部”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。
3. D　【解析】从本段的小标题“Make sure you have a partner with you.”及空前一句“If something goes wrong, you can get help from that person as soon as possible.”可知此处指“出问题后的后果”，结合备选项内容可知D项“几秒钟就能产生很大的影响”符合语境，为总结句。故选D。
4. B　【解析】从本段的小标题“Pay close attention to children's safety.”及空前一句“But by themselves they are not enough，”可以推测出本段是针对孩子的监护人或成年人的建议，结合备选项内容可知B项“所以一个成年人应该总是在场”符合语境，起到总述上文内容的作用。故选B。
Passage 15
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Abby要去国外看望奶奶，由于不想将自己的宠物鼠留在家里而偷偷将它带上了飞机。下飞机后被安检人员发现了，为此她被加以走私罪。从这次事件中，Abby明白了规则的重要性。
1. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Tobias是谁？根据文章第四段最后两句“The woman cried loudly, ‘A mouse！' Abby quickly put Tobias into the sock and back into her bag.”可知，Tobias是一只老鼠。故选C。
2. A　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Abby在X光机旁感觉如何？根据第三段第二句“Abby felt her legs shaking as the bag was going through the machine.”可知，她很担心。故选A。
3. C　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么Abby和她爸爸被要求进一个小房间？根据倒数第二段中“The police officer talked to Abby' s dad, ‘You have tried to smuggle(走私) an animal into this country.'”可知，他们被认为在走私动物。故选C。
4. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下列哪一项是正确的？根据文章内容，由于Abby去其他国家时偷偷带了宠物鼠Tobias而引起了一些麻烦，B项表述正确。故选B。
5. B　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Abby学到了什么教训？根据最后一段中“Now, she learned there was a good reason for rules.”可知，Abby学到了规则的重要性。故选B。