中考英语专题练习 核心素养——思维品质（含解析）

这是一份中考英语专题练习 核心素养——思维品质（含解析），共10页。
Traveling by subway can smetimes be a challenge, especially during rush hur. Yu have t fight yur way int the carriage(车厢), and keep away frm thers' ht water. The smells f sme passengers' fd are very strng, t.
Since April, the lcal gvernment f Beijing has cllected public pinins n the new Beijing Subway Passenger Rules. The rules say that if passengers have bad manners while n the subway, they will end up with bad credit(信用) scres r even being refused by the subway. Fur kinds f behavirs(行为) were added t the new rules. They include stealing thers' seats, eating r drinking, handing ut advertisements, and nt paying fr the tickets.
As fr eating and drinking n the subway, ①不同的人有不同的观点。Sme peple supprt the rules that all passengers except babies and peple with certain health prblems are nt allwed t eat r drink n the subway. ②They have pinted ut that the smell f fd and drink can make ther passengers unhappy.
Hwever, thers questin this rule, saying that drinking water shuld be allwed ③________ peple can get thirsty after lng rides n the crwded subway.
素材简述本文讨论了不同人对北京地铁乘车新规的看法。旨在培养学生全面、理性地看待问题，并提高学生分析问题的能力。有利于学生形成良好的思维品质。
1. What has the lcal gvernment f Beijing cllected since April?
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2. Please list tw kinds f bad behavirs n the subway accrding t the new rules.
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3. 请将文中①处画线句子翻译成英语。
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4. 请将文中②处画线句子翻译成汉语。
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5. 请在文中③处填入一个适当的连词。
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Passage 17(2019宁波)
Many peple might think that if they had mre mney, then they wuld be happier in life. Fr example, peple might lk at what thers have, like expensive clthes r nice cars, and wish they culd have the same. But the things that mney can buy can nt bring happiness t a persn fr lng.
① But is that really true? Studies have fund that mney can, in fact, make peple happier. ② Instead, it's giving mney t thers that makes peple happy.
③ It culd be buying a present fr a friend r a family member. ④ It culd be buying a hmeless persn fd t eat. It culd be giving mney t a persn in need. Just think abut the last time yu used yur wn mney t d smething fr smene else. Hw did yu feel? Whether it is a small r large amunt f mney, peple feel happier when they give. This is because making smene else happy makes the giver happy, t.
This idea f cnnecting yur happiness t the happiness f thers is described as ubuntu in an African language. There is even a stry abut a man visiting Africa wh asked sme kids t race t a nearby tree. The first child t tuch the tree wuld get a sweet treat. Surprisingly, all the children held hands and ran tgether. They all tuched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had dne this. The children simply said they culd nly enjy eating the treat if everyne had ne.
素材简述本文主要探讨了“钱怎样才能给人带来快乐”的问题，用钱能买到的东西只能给人带来暂时的快乐，而帮助他人才能让人得到真正的快乐。旨在培养学生理性、全面地看待问题，既要看到事物带来的目前的影响，也要看到事物带来的长远影响。
( )1. The writer says that buying things________．
A. can make peple wrried
B. can make peple nervus
C. may lead t sadness fr lng
D. may lead t happiness fr a shrt time
( )2. Where can we best put “But it's nt having mney that brings happiness.” in Paragraph 2?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
( )3. Why des the writer qute(引用) a stry in Paragraph 3?
A. T explain Africans like sweets.
B. T shw examples are nt enugh.
C. T make the writer's pinin clearer.
D. T express happiness is frm children.
( )4. What des the writer try t tell us?
A. Buying new things can make peple happy.
B. The key t happiness is making thers happy.
C. If yu want t be happy, yu can visit Africa.
D. Peple wh have a lt f mney might nt be happy.
创造性思维
Passage 18(2019江西)
I am Turere. I cme frm Kitengela, a farming cmmunity n the edge(边缘) f Nairbi Natinal Park f Kenya(肯尼亚). Since the age f nine, I have helped t lk after my family's cws. As a child, in my free time, I enjyed playing with electrnics. I made my wn inventins, such as electrnic tys frm car parts and ther things. I als built ther electrnic devices(仪器) fr my neighbrs.
At the age f 13, I invented smething that changed my life. It als changed the lives f many peple in my cmmunity. One night, a lin frm the park came int my family's farm and killed ne f ur cws. I was angry. Hwever, killing the lin, I thught, was nt the best way t slve the prblem. Instead, I decided t invent a slutin.
The first idea I gt was t use fire, because I thught lins were scared f fire. But I came t realize that that didn't really help, because it was even helping the lins t see thrugh the cwshed(牛棚). S I didn't give up. I cntinued.
And a secnd idea I gt was t use a scarecrw(稻草人). I was trying t trick the lins [int thinking] that I was standing near the cwshed. But lins are very clever. They will cme the first day and they see the scarecrw, and they g back. But the secnd day, they'll cme and they say, this thing is nt mving here, it is always here! S he jumps in and kills the animals.
S ne night, I was walking arund the cwshed with a trch(手电筒), and that day, the lins didn't cme. And I discvered that lins were afraid f a mving light. S I had an idea...
素材简述本文主要讲述了作者为了避免“狮子再次进入牛棚吃牛”， 不断优化自己的思考，锲而不舍地创新和尝试， 最终找到了切实有效的解决方案——利用移动光源使得狮子不再进入牛棚吃牛，达到了人与动物的和平共处。旨在告诉学生只有不断地创新和实践，才能创造出有利于社会发展的发明，并鼓励学生将自己的创造性思维运用到实践中。
( )1. What was Turere interested in when he was a child?
A. Tricking the neighbrs. B. Lking after cws.
C. Playing with electrnics. D. Making car parts.
( )2. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A. The lin. B. The scarecrw.
C. The cw. D. The cwshed.
( )3. What's the slutin t driving the lin away?
A. Using a mving light. B. Using a trch.
C. Using a scarecrw. D. Using fire.
( )4. What can we get frm the passage?
A. The lin killed all the cws.
B. Turere killed the lin at last.
C. The lin n lnger lived in the park.
D. Turere's inventin made peace with lins.
批判性思维
Passage 19(2019河北)
Critical thinking(批判性思维) is trying t imprve the way yu think. Peple use critical thinking in every area f life t slve prblems and evaluate claims(评估主张)．
Like every ther skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a prblem cmes ur way, we need t think critically t decide hw t slve it. When we see an advertisement, fr example, we shuld stp and think. Advertisements are made t make peple feel certain that they are true, and then peple can buy the prducts. But is what the advertisement says true? Is it making a claim? Or des it nly interest us? Critical thinking is imprtant and stps us frm making pr chices. In fact, we are using it if we ask questins naturally abut what we see.
Practice makes perfect. While yu are grwing in critical thinking, yu'll becme a wiser and mre thughtful persn. There are many ways f ding practice. Here are a few：
★Read abut a tpic peple disagree n. Lk at articles r bks n all sides f the subject. Fr each side f the subject, think carefully and evaluate it.
★When yu see r hear a claim, ask questins abut it. Wh is making the claim and why?
★Evaluate yur wn thinking. Where and why d yu think uncritically? Hw can yu imprve?
Critical thinking shuld be part f everything we d. It may help yu t succeed at wrk r schl. Make yurself int a habit f critical thinking. Change yur thughts and change yur wrld.
素材简述本文主要谈到了什么是批判性思维，并就如何改善我们的批判性思维提出了几点建议。旨在帮助学生提高逻辑思维能力，养成批判性思维的习惯。
1、2题完成句子； 3题简略回答问题； 4题找出并写下第二段的主题句； 5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1. Peple use critical thinking t ________________ and evaluate claims.
2. Critical thinking can stp us frm ________________．
3. What kind f persn will yu becme as yu grw in critical thinking?
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4.____________________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________________
核心素养——学习能力
学习方法
Passage 20 (2019菏泽)
Dear Li Hua，
Thanks fr yur last letter. In yur letter yu talked abut yur prblems n English study. Here are sme tips n learning English fr yu.
* Read a bk, newspaper r magazine in English with a dictinary. This will help yu learn new wrds in a fun way. Even by spending just 15 minutes a day, yur skills can be imprved greatly.
* Listen t speeches and watch mvies r dcumentaries in areas yu aren't familiar with. They are fun tips n imprving English. This activity will help imprve listening and vcabulary at the same time.
* Knw English grammar inside and ut. It is ne f the tp tips n learning English.Grammar is a basic tl fr English learners. It can help yu understand better.
* Keep a diary. It allws yu t use all f yur English skills. This is ne f the greatest tips n imprving English at any stage f learning the language.
All in all, learning English is hard, but with these tips n learning English, I believe yu will get better at English.
Yurs，
Lisa
素材简述本文主要介绍了一些学英语的小窍门：带着字典读书、看报或杂志；听一些你不熟悉的演讲，看电影或纪录片；把语法理解透彻；记日记等等。旨在让学生了解不同的学习方法，提高学习英语的效率。
核心素养专题
Passage 16
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了不同人对北京新的地铁乘车规定的看法。
1. Pubic pinins n the new Beijing Subway Passenger Rules. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：北京当地政府从4月开始收集什么？根据第二段第一句“Since April, the lcal gvernment f Beijing has cllected public pinins n the new Beijing Subway Passenger Rules.”可知，北京针对新地铁乘车规定收集了大众的意见。
2. Stealing thers' seats, eating r drinking, handing ut advertisements, and nt paying fr the tickets. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：请列举两种新规定的地铁不良行为。根据第二段最后一句“They include stealing thers' seats, eating r drinking, handing ut advertisements, and nt paying fr the tickets.”可知，新规定的地铁上不文明的行为有：占别人的座位、吃喝、发广告、不买票，列出两条即可。
3. Different peple have different pinins. 【解析】句子翻译题。 different不同的，have 有，pinin观点，此处表示很多观点，要用复数形式。
4. 他们已经指出，食物和饮料的气味会使其他乘客不高兴。 【解析】句子翻译题。pint ut指出，the smell f ... ……的气味， 使……不高兴，ther passengers其他乘客。故答案为“他们已经指出，食物和饮料的气味会使其他乘客不高兴。”
5. because 【解析】补全句子题。空后的“人们在拥挤的地铁上乘坐很长时间之后会口渴”是“应该允许喝水”的原因，此处应填表示原因的连词。
Passage 17
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了“钱怎样才能给人带来快乐”的问题。
1. D 【解析】 细节理解题。题干意为：作者说买东西 。由第一段最后一句“But the things that mney can buy can nt bring happiness t a persn fr lng.”可知，用钱能够买到的东西只能给人带来短暂的快乐。故选D。
2. B 【解析】 推理判断题。题干意为：我们可以把“不是有钱就能带来快乐。”放在第二段的哪里？分析第二段的句子结构可知，①后面的“But is that really true？”其实是一个承上启下的句子，即对第1段中的“But the things that mney can buy can nt bring happiness t a persn fr lng.”表示怀疑，故①处不应该再使用任何句子进行过渡，可排除；②后面的句子“Instead, it's giving mney t thers that makes peple happy.”表示所描述的情况正好与第一段的结论相反，故②处应用表转折关系的句子与前句“Studies have fund that mney can, in fact, make peple happier.”衔接，所以②处适合放置本句；③、④后面的句子都是对“it's giving mney t thers that makes peple happy.”进行的进一步阐述，前后不具有转折关系，可排除。故选B。
3. C 【解析】 推理判断题。题干意为：为什么作者在第三段引用了一个故事？由第二段内容可知，作者对拿钱买快乐的现象进行了剖析，并认为用钱来帮助他人才是真正获得快乐的根本，并用孩子们赛跑的事例来进一步论证该论点，所以第三段的故事能使文章的主题更为清晰。故选C。
4. B 【解析】 主旨大意题。题干意为：作者想告诉我们什么？通读全文可知，作者通过探讨“钱怎样才能给人带来快乐”的问题，从而得出“快乐的关键就是让别人快乐”这一主题。故选B。
Passage 18
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为了避免“狮子再次进入牛棚吃牛”， 不断优化自己的思考，锲而不舍地创新和尝试， 最终找到了切实有效的解决方案——利用移动光源使得狮子不再进入牛棚吃牛，达到了人与动物的和平共处。
1. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当Turere是一个小孩的时候，他对什么感兴趣？根据文章第一段第四句“As a child, in my free time, I enjyed playing with electrnics.”可知他从小爱玩电子电路。故选C。
2. B 【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：第四段中划线单词it指代的是什么？根据文中划线单词所在的句子的上文“They will cme the first day and they see the scarecrw, and they g back.”可知it指代的是稻草人。故选B。
3. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：赶走狮子的办法是什么？根据文中最后一段倒数第二句“And I discvered that lins were afraid f a mving light.”可知狮子怕移动的光。故选A。
4. D 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从文章中我们可以得出什么？联系上下文可知，Turere最后的发明赶走了狮子，让狮子再也不能来牛棚杀牛，所以可推测出最终狮子和Turere所在的社区和平共处。故选D。
Passage 19
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了什么是批判性思维，并就如何改善我们的批判性思维提出了几点建议。
1. slve prblems 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：人们用批判性思维来 和评估主张。根据第一段最后一句“Peple use critical thinking in every area f life t slve prblems and evaluate claims(评估主张)．”可知，空格处指的是“解决问题”，故填slve prblems。
2. making pr chices 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：批判性思维能阻止我们 。根据第二段倒数第二句“Critical thinking is imprtant and stps us frm making pr chices.”可知，批判性思维能阻止我们做出不好的选择，故填making pr chices。
3. A wiser and mre thughtful persn. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：随着你的批判性思维的发展，你会成为什么样的人？ 根据第三段第二句“While yu are grwing in critical thinking, yu'll becme a wiser and mre thughtful persn.”可知，你会成为一个更加明智，更加有思想的人。
4. Like every ther skill, critical thinking takes practice. 【解析】段落大意题。本段主要讲述了如何形成批判性思维，因此本段首句为中心句。
5. 它/批判性思维可以/能帮助你在工作中或学业上取得/获得成功。 【解析】短语help sb. t d sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”；at wrk意为“在工作中”。
Passage 20
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学习英语的一些小窍门。
1. learn new wrds 【解析】由文中第二段第二句“This will help yu learn new wrds in a fun way.”可知填learn new wrds。
2. Listen t speeches 【解析】由文中第三段第一句“Listen t speeches and watch mvies r dcumentaries in areas yu aren't familiar with.”可知填Listen t speeches。
3. listening and vcabulary 【解析】由文中第三段最后一句“This activity will help imprve listening and vcabulary at the same time.”可知填listening and vcabulary。
4. English grammar 【解析】由文中第四段第一句“Knw English grammar inside and ut.”可知填English grammar。
5. Keep a diary 【解析】由文中倒数第二段第一、二句“Keep a diary. It allws yu t use all f yur English skills.”可知填 Keep a diary。