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选修9&10Unit 2 Sailing the oceans多媒体教学ppt课件
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这是一份选修9&10Unit 2 Sailing the oceans多媒体教学ppt课件，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了Words，Warming Up，Marco Polo，sea， Explorer ，land，astrolabe，sextant，Reading，soap等内容，欢迎下载使用。
minimum ple verhead ffshre utwardsecuremagnetic
adj. 最小的; 最低的n. 地极; 柱; 杆adj. 在头上的adv. 在头顶上; 在空中adj. 离岸的; 海面上的adj. 外面的; 向外的adv. 向外; 在外adj. 安全的; 可靠的adj. 磁的; 有磁性的
awkwardreference precise simplify prtable shrtcming updatedtendency reliable
adj. 难使用的; 笨拙的n. 参考adj. 精确的; 准确的vt. 单一化; 简单化adj. 轻便的; 手提的n. 缺点; 短处vt. 更新n. 趋向; 倾向adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的
1 What is a navigatr?2 What is the difference between a navigatr and an explrer?
In pairs discuss these questins:
A navigatr explres new rutes acrssthe sea.
A navigatr explres the sea; an explrer discvers new places n land.
3 Lk at these famus peple. Are they navigatrs r explrers? What d yu knw abut them?
Zheng He, in the year between 1405 and 1433, seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards n vyages f trade and explratin. Under the cmmand f Zheng He, the fleets set sail frm the Suth China
Sea acrss the Indian Ocean t the Red Sea, and then traveled further suth, discvering the eastern cast f Africa. He renewed relatins with the Kingdms f the East African.
When Marc Pl was still very yung, he decided t travel tgether with his father. It tk them mre than three years t travelt China. After nearly seventeen years’ travel in the East, Marc and his father wanted t return hme.
Marc Pl was brn in Venice in 1254. He was the mst famus freigner t visit Asia during the Middle Ages.
James Ck (1728-1779) was the greatest Britain navigatr. Ck enlisted in the Ryal Navy
in 1755. In 1768 he was prmted and sent t the Pacific where he surveyed Tahiti, NewZealand, and Australia. On his famus 2nd expeditin (1772-75) he explred Antarctica. In 1776 in his third and final vyage, heexplred the West cast f Nrth America and discvered the Hawaiian Islands.
Navigatr is smene wh finds the psitin and plts the curse f a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps andinstruments.
nautical instruments
find new islands r cntinents
Explrer is smene wh travels int rthrugh a place in rder t learn abut it.
Very ften navigatrs are als explrers.
use f cmpass and landmarks
find new places within an already identified island r cntinent
1 Hw d yu think seamen fund their way befre mdern accurate methds f navigatin were invented?
Pre-reading
Lk at the pictures n page 11. Then answer the questins.
Kept clse t the shre, used nature suchas the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, t helpthem, and used sme f the instrumentsincluding a cmpass, astrlabe, etc.
2 Which d yu think was easier t wrk ut: latitude r lngitude?
Latitude, because it was used t measure hw far yu had travelled frmland n a straight line. It was discvered a lng time befre lngitude.
3 Can yu identify these early navigatinal instruments seamen used and explain hw they are used? 1 _________________________ 2 _________ 3 _________ 4 ________________________
cmpass (in ancient China)
sea / nautical / marine chart
4 Which nes d yu think are still used tday?
Sea charts are still used tday.
SAILING THE OCEANS
Nw read abut what navigatin was like befre mdern instruments were used.
1 What is the use f a bearing circle, astrlabe, quadrant r sextant? ( ) What is the use f a cmpass? ( ) A t set the curse f the ship B t measure the psitin f the ship C t measure the speed f the ship D t tell the time
Cmprehending
1 Read the passage and answer the fllwing questins.
Speed and time are imprtant in findingut the lngitude f a ship because the earth mves fifteen degrees westwards every hur. If yu knw yur directin, speed and time, yu can wrk ut the apprximate lngitude r change in yur psitin in relatin t the stars.
Why are speed and time imprtant in wrking ut the lngitude f a ship?
The psitin f the sun and stars are useful fr wrking ut latitude because they are fixed pints in the sky and their mvements in relatin t the earth are already knwn. S they can be used t measure a ship's psitin.
3 Why is the psitin f the sun and varius stars useful fr wrking ut latitude?
The sailrs wuld need t be excellent navigatrs, able t cpe with bth ht and cld weather, experienced in sailing thrugh very bad weather and able t c-perate in a team.
2 Suppse yu were a sea captain aiming t sail rund Africa. Discuss in grups:
1 What skills wuld yu seek in yur sailrs?
I wuld anticipate very ht weather (arund the equatr), cld weather (arund the Cape f Gd Hpe), very strmy seas (arund the Cape), and prblems with fd and water (unless helped by lcal natives the water may be cntaminated and the fd scarce), etc.
What prblems wuld yu anticipate fr this jurney?
Using nature tkeep alngsidecastline Part1
Using navigatinalinstruments t helpPart 2
Using celestial bdies
Using the wildlife
Finding lngitude
Using the sea
Finding latitude
Using the weather
3 What wuld yu d if yu came acrss the fllwing prblems during yur vyage? Read the chart belw and fill in yur plans f actin t deal with them.
wait till the strm is ver, and then find yur new psitin and return t yur riginal curse
use knts t find yur speed and wrk ut yur apprximate lngitude
use the cmpass and the astrlabe, quadrant r sextant t find ut yur psitin, return t yur frmer curse
fllw nesting birds t shre; lk fr special clud frmatins r fg ver streams t find land
use a cmpass
measure yur psitin using the sun r stars; lk fr sea birds, clud frmatins, fg r seaweed t shw that land is nearby
T find the ship’s psitin at sea a sailr used the Nrth Star and the sun.
4 Read the passage again and use the infrmatin t analyse the navigatinal skills. Write the answers in yur wn wrds.
Using nature
2 A sailr knew that land was nearby if he saw ______________________________ _______________________ . 3 Sailrs used ____________________ ______ t increase their speed.
Using instruments 4 There were tw methds t find lngitude: 1 _________________________ 2 _______________________ ____________________ .
measuring time and speed
cmpass and cmplicated mathematical tables
5 Write dwn the wrking principles f the fllwing instruments: Beating circle: ________________________________ __________________________________ . Astrlabe: ________________________________ _______________________________ .
t cmpare the height f the sun nw with the psitin f the 'sun at midday
t cmpare the psitin f the ship in relatin t sme stars r the sun
Quadrant: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
a mre precise frm f the astrlabe, t measure hw high stars are abve the hrizn, and cmpare that measurement with previus measurements (using the ship as ne f the fixed pints t find its psitin)
Sextant: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
an updated versin f the quadrant and s it was mre accurate, t measure the angle between tw fixed pints utside the ship (using tw mirrrs t find the ship's psitin)
5 Imagine yu are n a bat with twenty-nine ther peple. Yu have a small bx fr yur persnal things but it can nly hld ten items. What wuld yu need fr a week's jurney acrss the Nrth Sea t England?
shirt, trusers
waterprf bts
scissrs, knife
sea-sick tablets, cld medicine
cards, chess
nvels, essay cllectins
1. at the mercy f 听任…摆布，在…面前无能为力
They were lst at sea at the mercy f wind and weather.
have / shw mercy n sb.宽恕或怜悯某人；
withut mercy 毫不容情地
Language pints
Avid (making ) any reference t hisillness . 千万别提起他的病。
2. reference n.
① 提到; 说到; 涉及
check yur references 要核对引证的资料
【知识拓展】refer v . 提到，说起，涉及；参考， 查询，常与t 连用。
When I said sme peple are stupid I wasn’t referring t yu. 当我说某个人很愚蠢的时候，我没有提到你。If yu dn’t knw what this means, please refer t the dictinary. 如果你不知道这是什么意思，请查看字典。
She simplified the instructins s that the children culd understand them. 她简化了指令以便于儿童理解。
3 simplify v. 简化; 使单纯
That will simplify my task. 那可简化了我的工作。
1. The data shuld be updated nce a week. 这些数据应该每星期更新一次。 2. Maps need regular updates. 地图需要经常修订。3. I updated the cmmittee n ur prgress. 我向委员会报告了我们的进展情况。
4 update v. 更新; 补充最新资料
S subject 主语P predicate 谓语O bject 宾语Att attribute 定语Adv adverbial 状语Cm cmplement 补语Pre predicative 表语C clause 从句
Shrt frms 缩略语
Difficult sentences analysis
1 The number f knts that were cunted during a fixed perid f time gave the speed f the ship in nautical miles per hur．
一定时段得出的绳节数显示航船的海哩时速。
2. Later, when seamen began t use the cmpass in the 12th century they culd calculate lngitude using cmplicated mathematical tables．
后来到了十二世纪海员开始使用指南针的时候，他们就能够借助复杂的数学表格计算出航行的经度了。
using cmplicated mathematical tables 是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。
3.The earliest，the astrlabe，was a special all-in-ne tl fr telling the psitin f the ship in relatin t the sun and varius stars which cvered the whle sky．
最早的，那些古代的星盘，是一种单一形式的工具，用来确定船舶与太阳和太空星辰的相对位置。
in relatin t (= cncerning) this matterIts brain is small in relatin t (= cmpared with) its bdy. Little f what he said has any relatin t fact.
in relatin t …是复合介词短语, 作状语。
minimum ple verhead ffshre utwardsecuremagnetic
adj. 最小的; 最低的n. 地极; 柱; 杆adj. 在头上的adv. 在头顶上; 在空中adj. 离岸的; 海面上的adj. 外面的; 向外的adv. 向外; 在外adj. 安全的; 可靠的adj. 磁的; 有磁性的
awkwardreference precise simplify prtable shrtcming updatedtendency reliable
adj. 难使用的; 笨拙的n. 参考adj. 精确的; 准确的vt. 单一化; 简单化adj. 轻便的; 手提的n. 缺点; 短处vt. 更新n. 趋向; 倾向adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的
1 What is a navigatr?2 What is the difference between a navigatr and an explrer?
In pairs discuss these questins:
A navigatr explres new rutes acrssthe sea.
A navigatr explres the sea; an explrer discvers new places n land.
3 Lk at these famus peple. Are they navigatrs r explrers? What d yu knw abut them?
Zheng He, in the year between 1405 and 1433, seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards n vyages f trade and explratin. Under the cmmand f Zheng He, the fleets set sail frm the Suth China
Sea acrss the Indian Ocean t the Red Sea, and then traveled further suth, discvering the eastern cast f Africa. He renewed relatins with the Kingdms f the East African.
When Marc Pl was still very yung, he decided t travel tgether with his father. It tk them mre than three years t travelt China. After nearly seventeen years’ travel in the East, Marc and his father wanted t return hme.
Marc Pl was brn in Venice in 1254. He was the mst famus freigner t visit Asia during the Middle Ages.
James Ck (1728-1779) was the greatest Britain navigatr. Ck enlisted in the Ryal Navy
in 1755. In 1768 he was prmted and sent t the Pacific where he surveyed Tahiti, NewZealand, and Australia. On his famus 2nd expeditin (1772-75) he explred Antarctica. In 1776 in his third and final vyage, heexplred the West cast f Nrth America and discvered the Hawaiian Islands.
Navigatr is smene wh finds the psitin and plts the curse f a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps andinstruments.
nautical instruments
find new islands r cntinents
Explrer is smene wh travels int rthrugh a place in rder t learn abut it.
Very ften navigatrs are als explrers.
use f cmpass and landmarks
find new places within an already identified island r cntinent
1 Hw d yu think seamen fund their way befre mdern accurate methds f navigatin were invented?
Pre-reading
Lk at the pictures n page 11. Then answer the questins.
Kept clse t the shre, used nature suchas the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, t helpthem, and used sme f the instrumentsincluding a cmpass, astrlabe, etc.
2 Which d yu think was easier t wrk ut: latitude r lngitude?
Latitude, because it was used t measure hw far yu had travelled frmland n a straight line. It was discvered a lng time befre lngitude.
3 Can yu identify these early navigatinal instruments seamen used and explain hw they are used? 1 _________________________ 2 _________ 3 _________ 4 ________________________
cmpass (in ancient China)
sea / nautical / marine chart
4 Which nes d yu think are still used tday?
Sea charts are still used tday.
SAILING THE OCEANS
Nw read abut what navigatin was like befre mdern instruments were used.
1 What is the use f a bearing circle, astrlabe, quadrant r sextant? ( ) What is the use f a cmpass? ( ) A t set the curse f the ship B t measure the psitin f the ship C t measure the speed f the ship D t tell the time
Cmprehending
1 Read the passage and answer the fllwing questins.
Speed and time are imprtant in findingut the lngitude f a ship because the earth mves fifteen degrees westwards every hur. If yu knw yur directin, speed and time, yu can wrk ut the apprximate lngitude r change in yur psitin in relatin t the stars.
Why are speed and time imprtant in wrking ut the lngitude f a ship?
The psitin f the sun and stars are useful fr wrking ut latitude because they are fixed pints in the sky and their mvements in relatin t the earth are already knwn. S they can be used t measure a ship's psitin.
3 Why is the psitin f the sun and varius stars useful fr wrking ut latitude?
The sailrs wuld need t be excellent navigatrs, able t cpe with bth ht and cld weather, experienced in sailing thrugh very bad weather and able t c-perate in a team.
2 Suppse yu were a sea captain aiming t sail rund Africa. Discuss in grups:
1 What skills wuld yu seek in yur sailrs?
I wuld anticipate very ht weather (arund the equatr), cld weather (arund the Cape f Gd Hpe), very strmy seas (arund the Cape), and prblems with fd and water (unless helped by lcal natives the water may be cntaminated and the fd scarce), etc.
What prblems wuld yu anticipate fr this jurney?
Using nature tkeep alngsidecastline Part1
Using navigatinalinstruments t helpPart 2
Using celestial bdies
Using the wildlife
Finding lngitude
Using the sea
Finding latitude
Using the weather
3 What wuld yu d if yu came acrss the fllwing prblems during yur vyage? Read the chart belw and fill in yur plans f actin t deal with them.
wait till the strm is ver, and then find yur new psitin and return t yur riginal curse
use knts t find yur speed and wrk ut yur apprximate lngitude
use the cmpass and the astrlabe, quadrant r sextant t find ut yur psitin, return t yur frmer curse
fllw nesting birds t shre; lk fr special clud frmatins r fg ver streams t find land
use a cmpass
measure yur psitin using the sun r stars; lk fr sea birds, clud frmatins, fg r seaweed t shw that land is nearby
T find the ship’s psitin at sea a sailr used the Nrth Star and the sun.
4 Read the passage again and use the infrmatin t analyse the navigatinal skills. Write the answers in yur wn wrds.
Using nature
2 A sailr knew that land was nearby if he saw ______________________________ _______________________ . 3 Sailrs used ____________________ ______ t increase their speed.
Using instruments 4 There were tw methds t find lngitude: 1 _________________________ 2 _______________________ ____________________ .
measuring time and speed
cmpass and cmplicated mathematical tables
5 Write dwn the wrking principles f the fllwing instruments: Beating circle: ________________________________ __________________________________ . Astrlabe: ________________________________ _______________________________ .
t cmpare the height f the sun nw with the psitin f the 'sun at midday
t cmpare the psitin f the ship in relatin t sme stars r the sun
Quadrant: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
a mre precise frm f the astrlabe, t measure hw high stars are abve the hrizn, and cmpare that measurement with previus measurements (using the ship as ne f the fixed pints t find its psitin)
Sextant: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
an updated versin f the quadrant and s it was mre accurate, t measure the angle between tw fixed pints utside the ship (using tw mirrrs t find the ship's psitin)
5 Imagine yu are n a bat with twenty-nine ther peple. Yu have a small bx fr yur persnal things but it can nly hld ten items. What wuld yu need fr a week's jurney acrss the Nrth Sea t England?
shirt, trusers
waterprf bts
scissrs, knife
sea-sick tablets, cld medicine
cards, chess
nvels, essay cllectins
1. at the mercy f 听任…摆布，在…面前无能为力
They were lst at sea at the mercy f wind and weather.
have / shw mercy n sb.宽恕或怜悯某人；
withut mercy 毫不容情地
Language pints
Avid (making ) any reference t hisillness . 千万别提起他的病。
2. reference n.
① 提到; 说到; 涉及
check yur references 要核对引证的资料
【知识拓展】refer v . 提到，说起，涉及；参考， 查询，常与t 连用。
When I said sme peple are stupid I wasn’t referring t yu. 当我说某个人很愚蠢的时候，我没有提到你。If yu dn’t knw what this means, please refer t the dictinary. 如果你不知道这是什么意思，请查看字典。
She simplified the instructins s that the children culd understand them. 她简化了指令以便于儿童理解。
3 simplify v. 简化; 使单纯
That will simplify my task. 那可简化了我的工作。
1. The data shuld be updated nce a week. 这些数据应该每星期更新一次。 2. Maps need regular updates. 地图需要经常修订。3. I updated the cmmittee n ur prgress. 我向委员会报告了我们的进展情况。
4 update v. 更新; 补充最新资料
S subject 主语P predicate 谓语O bject 宾语Att attribute 定语Adv adverbial 状语Cm cmplement 补语Pre predicative 表语C clause 从句
Shrt frms 缩略语
Difficult sentences analysis
1 The number f knts that were cunted during a fixed perid f time gave the speed f the ship in nautical miles per hur．
一定时段得出的绳节数显示航船的海哩时速。
2. Later, when seamen began t use the cmpass in the 12th century they culd calculate lngitude using cmplicated mathematical tables．
后来到了十二世纪海员开始使用指南针的时候，他们就能够借助复杂的数学表格计算出航行的经度了。
using cmplicated mathematical tables 是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。
3.The earliest，the astrlabe，was a special all-in-ne tl fr telling the psitin f the ship in relatin t the sun and varius stars which cvered the whle sky．
最早的，那些古代的星盘，是一种单一形式的工具，用来确定船舶与太阳和太空星辰的相对位置。
in relatin t (= cncerning) this matterIts brain is small in relatin t (= cmpared with) its bdy. Little f what he said has any relatin t fact.
in relatin t …是复合介词短语, 作状语。
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