中考英语专题练习 阅读理解 话题十六 彰显中国实力与美（含解析）

这是一份中考英语专题练习 阅读理解 话题十六 彰显中国实力与美（含解析），共14页。试卷主要包含了 B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Passage 1(2019重庆B卷)
Mre than 330 millin visitrs are expected t take part in the 19th Natinal Science and Technlgy Week in China frm May 19 t 26.
During the science week, pen days will be held t let peple experience hw science and technlgy have imprved ur lives. Arund 50，000 scientists will enter schls and villages t educate and wrk tgether with lcal peple.
The science week this year is a big ne because it will shw China's recent scientific achievements. And this year China will celebrate its 70th birthday. It's an imprtant year fr the purpse f building a well­ff sciety(小康社会)by 2020. Since there are still sme pr areas in China, science and technlgy will be very helpful in their develpment.
Reaching ut t the wrld is als a best part f this year. Experts(专家)frm 13 cuntries within the Belt and Rad(一带一路)will take part in the science week and they will als wrk with the public.
( )1. The 19th Natinal Science and Technlgy Week will start n________ in China.
A. May 19 B. May 20 C. May 25 D. May 26
( )2. Many scientists will enter schls and villages t________．
A. sell the latest prducts t lcal peple
B. learn mre abut the lcal envirnment
C. cllect mney fr their scientific research
D. educate and wrk tgether with lcal peple
( )3. Accrding t the passage, the science week this year will________．
A. send scientists ut t the wrld
B. shw China's recent scientific achievements
C. see new schls built in villages
D. imprve the scial abilities f Chinese peple
( )4. This passage is mst prbably________．
A. a piece f news B. a piece f advice C. a stry D. a letter
Passage 2(2019衢州)
“Made in China”is having its mment nw—and it's a fashinable ne.
The stry f Chinese fashin began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili,
bth Chinese sprts she brands(品牌), suddenly gt internatinal attentin .Their prducts were seen all ver the wrld. Chinese sprtswear brand Li
Ning was at the New Yrk Fashin Week in September, 2018. They shwed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters.
Shaun Rein, managing directr f China Market Research Grup, said that the latest Chinese brands n lnger catch custmers' eyes by lw price. He tld CNN，“They are sure that they can g head t head with freign brands.”
Maybe it is because China's yung peple are nw mre cnfident abut their wn culture. They dn't shw immediate interest in western culture any mre.
“Tday's yung peple in China are crazy abut Chinese cultural elements(元素)，”Jin Qu, the manager f a clthing shpping website, said at a cultural festival in 2018.“They like these elements printed n their clthes, even the brand picture f Laganma in China, which was nce seen as utside f fashin. But nw yung peple are prud f these Chinese symbls.”
In fact, many stars in the West are nw interested in Chinese cultural elements in fashin. Rihanna, a US singer, fr example, wre a Chinese red dress t the 2015 Met Gala in New Yrk. The dress was designed and made by Chinese designer Gu Pei.
“We have t mve frm making t creating，” Chinese­American designer Aric Chen nce tld The New Yrk Times.“We want t replace the wrds‘Made in China’with ‘Designed in China’．”
( )1. The new designs f Li Ning Cmpany in September, 2018 were ________．
A. cats and scarves in Chinese red
B. sweaters and jackets with English wrds
C. cats and scarves with American symbls
D. sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters
( )2. The underlined wrd“They”in Paragraph 5 refers t ________．
A. tday's yung peple in China
B. the wrkers in Jin Qu's shp
C. sme famus stars in the West
D. Directrs f sme Chinese cmpanies
( )3. What can be the best title fr the passage?
A. Chinese Clthes Brands B. Sprts in China
C. Chinese Cultural Festival D. Designed in China
( )4. The passage abve may be taken frm a(n)________．
A. newspaper B. guidebk C. nvel D. ad
Passage 3(2019衡阳)
The wrld's largest radi telescpe was finished n Sept.25, 2017 in China.
FAST is a five­hundred­meter telescpe. It is als called Tianyan(“The Eye f Heaven”), with a dish the size f 30 ftball grunds, deep in the muntains f suthwest China's Guizhu Prvince. The giant dish is built n a bwl­like valley.
The surrunding area has “radi silence” as there are n twns and cities within a 5­kilmeter radius(半径范围) and nly ne cunty center within 25 kilmeters.
FAST is made up f 4，450 panels(面板). The secnd largest radi telescpe is in Russia. The bigger dish will be able t pick up weaker signals(信号)．
The radi telescpe is like an ear, listening t tell meaningful radi messages frm white nise in the universe. With the help f the telescpe, we can receive weaker and mre radi messages far away in space. It will help us t search fr intelligent life utside f the Galaxy(银河系) and explre the rigins(起源) f the universe. “Any f its discveries will lead t a Nbel Prize，” said Jseph Taylr, a Nble Prize winner.
The FAST prject began in 2011. And the telescpe is expected t remain the glbal leader fr the next 10 t 20 years.
( )1. Where was FAST develped?
A. In China. B. In Russia. C. In America.
( )2. The underlined wrd “giant” prbably means “________” in Chinese.
A. 神秘的 B. 巨大的 C. 宽广的
( )3. FAST is used t ________．
A. explre the rigins f human beings
B. receive distant radi messages frm the universe
C. watch the beautiful scenery f the Galaxy
( )4. Frm the passage, we can knw that ________．
A. FAST is the largest radin telescpe all ver the wrld s far
B. Nisy twns are arund the telescpe within a 5­kilmeter radius
C. The secnd­largest radi telescpe is made up f 4，450 panels
( )5. Hw lng did it take t finish the FAST prject?
A. Abut twenty years. B. Abut ten years. C. Abut six years.
Passage 4(2019黄石)
Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestne(里程碑) in space explratin. On Jan. 3, Chang'e 4 became the first space prbe(探测器)in histry t successfully land n the far side (dark side) f the mn. After a 26­day jurney, it tuched sftly dwn n a crater. The whle prcess f landing lasted 12 minutes, which pened a new page in histry f mankind's space explratin.
The far side f the mn is the side that we can nt see. We dn't knw much abut it. This landing is f great imprtance. The far side f the mn is an ideal(理想的)place fr scientific research. It may have unique minerals(矿物质)and ther resurces. Scientists can make clearer bservatins f deep space frm there.
Chang'e 4 has sent back phts f the far side f the mn. It is als being used t carry ut experiments. The data(数据)cllected frm these experiments culd be used t help us build a base n the mn in the future. The success f the Chang'e 4 missin(任务)is a majr achievement fr China's space prgram.
China launched its lunar(月球的)explratin prgram in 2004, naming it Chang'e. Chinese scientists set three gals—“rbiting(环绕运行), landing and sample(样本) returning”. Chang'e 4 has realized the secnd gal. The third will be achieved during the Chang'e 5 missin, which is set t take place befre the end f this year.
Fllwing the success f the Chang'e missins, Chinese scientists are lking even farther int ur slar system(太阳系)．China's first Mars missin is expected t be carried ut by 2020.
( )1. Chang'e 4 is the first space prbe in the wrld t land ________．
A. in deep space
B. n the mn
C. n the near side f the mn
D. n the far side f the mn
( )2. What's the mst imprtant abut the landing place?
A. It's far frm the earth.
B. It has many resurces.
C. It's ideal fr scientific research.
D. It's dark and unknwn.
( )3. The underlined wrd“bservatins” in paragraph 2 means ________．
A. 学习 B. 观察 C. 描述 D. 庆祝
( )4. Which f the fllwing is the secnd gal f China's lunar explratin prgram?
A. Landing n the mn.
B. Bringing sme samples back t the earth.
C. Building a base n the mn.
D. Traveling arund the mn.
( )5. What can be the best title f the passage?
A. The Space Prbe. B. Explring the Mn.
C. The Three Gals. D. Explring the Mars.
Passage 5(2019安顺)
On April 26, 2017, a big Chinese ship caught the eyes f the whle wrld. China's first hmemade aircraft carrier(航空母舰)hit the water in Dalian, Lianing.
The new big ship is China's secnd aircraft carrier. It was designed in China and built in China, t. It is abut 315 meters lng and 75 meters wide. That is a bit larger than three sccer fields.
An aircraft carrier is like an airprt n the sea. It can carry planes and trps t war. Planes fly frm the carrier and land back n it, and sldiers wrk and live n it, t. But building an aircraft carrier is s hard and expensive. It csts a lt f mney and needs a large amunt f steel and ther special materials. Fr example, a basic aircraft carrier is made f 60，000 tns f steel. It als uses cmplex(复杂的)technlgies, including radar, electrics, mechanics and weapns. Finally, it takes years t build ne. Tday, nt many cuntries wn an aircraft carrier r have the ability t build ne. China has becme the seventh cuntry in the wrld that can build an aircraft carrier by itself, after the USA, Russia, England, France, Italy and Spain.
( )1. In which year did China's first hmemade aircraft carrier hit the water?
A. In 2017. B. In 2016. C. In 2018. D. In 2019.
( )2. What's the best title f this passage?
A. An Airprt n the Sea
B. China Has Bught the Secnd Aircraft Carrier
C. China's Hmemade Aircraft Carrier
D. The Sixth Cuntry t Build an Aircraft Carrier
( )3. What is nt needed t build the aircraft carrier?
A. Special materials. B. Technlgies. C. Steel. D. Wd.
( )4. Hw many aircraft carriers des China have accrding t the passage?
A. One. B. Tw. C. Three. D. Fur.
( )5. Hw des the writer feel abut the hmemade aircraft carrier in China?
A. Prud. B. Wrried. C. Upset. D. Hpeless.
Passage 6(2019遵义)
The cnstructin(建设)f high­speed railways in China began with the building f the Qinhuangda­Shenyang High­Speed Railway(HSR) in 1999. Nw the high­speed rail netwrk in China is the largest in the wrld. S far, there have been abut 1700 kilmeters f HSR in service, alng with trains f an average(平均)speed f 220 km/h.
Nw Chinese gvernment plans t spend $300 millin building the largest and fastest HSR system in the wrld by 2020. It's said that the trains can run 400km/h and create new business fr China and ther cuntries thrugh the Belt and Rad.(一带一路)
It's predicted that the HSR netwrk in China will reach 30，000 kilmeters and it will be like a grid,__which is mainly made up f 8 lng­distance high­speed rail lines: fur nrth­suth HSR lines and fur east­west HSR lines. Except fr the Qingda­Taiyuan HSR, all HSR lines f the rail grid are lnger than 1，000 kilmeters.
Feng Ha, an expert, says “Many markets alng the Belt and Rad, especially in Central Asia, Sutheast Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Eurpean cuntries, are planning t build HSR lines. They lk frward t getting technlgical supprt frm China”．
( )1. ________ is the first HSR line in China.
A. The Qinhuangda­Shenyang HSR.
B. The Qingda­Taiyuan HSR.
C. The Beijing­Shanghai HSR.
D. The Qinhuangda­Shanghai HSR.
( )2. By 2020, the trains will run________ km/h faster than that at present.
A. 400 B. 300 C. 220 D. 180
( )3. What des the underlined wrd “grid” in Paragraph 3 mean?
( )4. What des the expert Feng Ha say?
A. Our cuntry supprts ther cuntries in mney.
B. Many markets are nt planning t build HSR lines.
C. Our cuntry plans t spend $300 millin building HSR system.
D. Other cuntries want t get technlgical supprt frm ur cuntry in HSR.
( )5. Which f the fllwing is mentined?
A. The first builders f HSR.
B. The speed f HSR.
C. The building materials f HSR.
D. The ticket price f HSR.
Passage 7 (2019锦州)
It's a ht time fr Chinese language learning acrss the wrld, nt nly because f China's higher psitin in the wrld but als because f the increasing ecnmic(经济的)and cultural cnnectins between China and ther cuntries.
Fr example, the United Arab Emirates (UAE)(阿拉伯联合酋长国) plans t pen Chinese language curses in 200 public primary and middle schls, s experienced Chinese teachers are needed.
Other Chinese curses pened acrss the wrld shw the increasing need fr Chinese­speaking talent. Mandarin(普通话)became an elective(选修的)freign language in Russia's cllege entrance exam. Fllwing English, German, French, and Spanish, Mandarin has becme the fifth elective test subject fr the exam.
Spain has mre than 40，000 peple learning Chinese. Last year abut 8，000 peple tk the Chinese Prficiency Test (HSK) exam. The number f peple wh tk the test was the biggest, accrding t Xinhua News Agency.
In the US, learning Chinese has been thriving fr many years and is nw a ppular chice fr American children, especially thse wh were brn in gd families. The children begin t learn Chinese at an early age because their parents believe that learning Chinese will help them build successful internatinal careers(职业)．
( )1. Why is Chinese language learning s ht?
A. Because many freigners like China's culture.
B. Because China has the highest psitin in the wrld.
C. Because China helps a lt f cuntries t develp.
D. Because China has mre internatinal influence arund the wrld.
( )2. The fllwing languages are elective test subjects in Russia EXCEPT ________．
A. French B. Spanish C. Japanese D. Mandarin
( )3. The Chinese meaning f the underlined wrd “thriving” is ____．
A. 兴盛 B. 衰落 C. 改变 D. 开办
( )4. What can we knw abut Chinese learning arund the wrld?
A. The UAE needs experienced English teachers.
B. All American children learn Chinese frm an early age.
C. Abut ne fifth f the Spanish learning Chinese tk the HSK in 2018.
D. The Mandarin exam must be taken befre ging t Russia's clleges.
( )5. The main idea f the passage is ____．
A. mre peple in the UAE begin t learn Chinese
B. Chinese language learning is ppular arund the wrld
C. sme freign cuntries want mre Chinese teachers
D. many American children are learning Chinese nw话题十六 彰显中国实力与美
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国国家科学技术周开幕的消息以及今年科学技术周的活动内容等信息。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：中国第十九届国家科学技术周会在 开始。根据第一段中“ May 19 t 26.”可知，今年的国家科学技术周在5月19日开始。故选A。
2. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：许多科学家将要进入学校和乡村去 。根据第二段最后一句“Arund 50，000 scientists will enter schls and villages t educate and wrk tgether with lcal peple.”可知，这是为了去教育当地人，并和当地人一起劳动。故选D。
3. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇短文可知，今年的科学周将要 。根据第三段首句“The science week this year is a big ne because it will shw China's recent scientific achievements.”可知，这个科学周将要展示中国最新的科学成就。故选B。
4. A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：本文最可能是 。阅读短文可知，本文主要介绍了中国科学技术周开幕的消息，因此它很可能是来自报纸的一则新闻。故选A。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍中国几个比较有代表性的品牌，其中详细介绍了中国李宁公司的服装设计，来阐述中国品牌一步步在由“中国制造”迈向“中国设计”。
1. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：2018年9月份李宁公司的新设计是 。根据第二段最后一句“They shwed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters.”可知“有中国汉字的毛衣和夹克衫”符合题意。故选D。
2. A 【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：第五段中的划线单词“They”是指 。根据第五段第一句“Tday's yung peple in China are crazy abut Chinese cultural elements...”可知，此处的“They”指的是“中国今天的年轻人”。故选A。
3. D 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？通读全文以及文章最后一段最后一句“We want t replace the wrds ‘Made in China' with ‘Designed in China'.”可知，文章主要介绍中国设计。故选D。
4. A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：以上文章可能选自于一篇 。通读全文可知，文章主要是在讲中国的设计，而且具体描述了中国几个比较有代表性的品牌，因此本文最有可能来源于报纸。故选A。
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最大的射电望远镜于2017年9月25日在中国完工，描述了它的大小、功能以及它将在未来10到20年内保持全球领先地位。表现了中国科技人员的伟大。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：FAST是在哪里研发的？根据文章第一段“The wrld's largest radi telescpe was finished n Sept. 25, 2017 in China.” 可知，FAST是在中国被研发的，故选A。
2. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：划线单词“giant”的汉语意思可能是 。根据文章第二段第二句“It is als called Tianyan (“The Eye f Heaven”), with a dish the size f 30 ftball grunds...”可知，它也被称为“天眼”，带一个有30个足球场大小的盘子，说明这个盘子很大。故选B。
3. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：FAST用于 。根据文章第五段第二句“With the help f the telescpe, we can receive weaker and mre radi messages far away in space.”可知，借助望远镜，我们可以在遥远的太空中接收到更弱并且更多的无线电信息。故选B。
4. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章我们可以知道 。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上最大的射电望远镜，文章第一段“The wrld's largest radi telescpe was finished n Sept. 25, 2017 in China. ”可知，世界上最大的射电望远镜于2017年9月25日在中国完工，A项正确。故选A。
5. C 【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：完成FAST这个项目花费了多长时间？根据文章第一段“The wrld's largest radi telescpe was finished n Sept. 25, 2017 in China.”以及文章第六段第一句“The FAST prject began in 2011.”可知，这个项目在2011年开工，在2017年完工，期间经历了大约6年。故选C。
Passage 4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了嫦娥四号探测器探索月球的过程。
1. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：嫦娥4号是世界上第一个着陆在 的太空探测器。根据第一段第二句“On Jan 3，Chang'e 4 became the first space prbe(探测器)in histry t successfully land n the far side(dark side) f the mn.”可知，它是成功降落在了在月球的远端。故选D。
2. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：降落地点最重要的是什么？根据第二段第四句“The far side f the mn is an ideal(理想的) place fr scientific research.”可知，降落点是理想的科学研究场所。故选C。
3. B 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：在第二段中的划线单词“bservatins”意思是什么？根据划线句子中的“make clearer更加清晰”可以推测，这里应该指的是“观察”。故选B。
4. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：以下哪项是中国探月工程的第二个目标？根据倒数第二段第二句“Chinese scientists set three gals—‘rbiting(环绕运动), landing and sample(样本) returning'.”可知“landing 着陆”是中国探月计划的第二个目标。故选A。
5. B 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？文章主要是介绍嫦娥四号探索月球的过程。故选B。
Passage 5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的大型航空母舰。该军舰的制造需要复杂的技术，耗费大量的钱财。中国也成为了可以独立制造航空母舰的国家之一。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：中国第一艘自制航空母舰是在哪一年下水的？根据第一段“On April 26, 2017, a big Chinese the water in Dalian, Lianing.”可知时间是在2017年。故选A。
2. C 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章最好的标题是什么？根据文章第一段第二句“China's first hmemade aircraft carrier(航空母舰)hit the water in Dalian, Lianing.”以及文章讲述了航空母舰的制作。故选C。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：建造航空母舰不需要什么？根据第三段第五句至第七句可知建造航母需要钢铁和特殊材料以及技术。故选D。
4. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章可知，中国有多少艘航空母舰？根据第二段第一句“The new big ship is China's secnd aircraft carrier.”新的大型航母是中国的第二艘。故选B。
5. A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者对于中国自制航母感觉怎么样？由整篇文章，以及文章的最后一句“中国成为世界上第七个可以独立制造航母的国家”。可知作者感到很自豪。故选A。
Passage 6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要向我们介绍了中国高铁的建立、发展以及一带一路国家对高铁建造正在计划中。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为： 是中国第一条高铁线。由文中第一段第一句可知，中国的高铁建设始于1999年的秦皇岛至沈阳高铁。故选A。
2. D 【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：到2020年，高铁会比现在快 千米/小时。由文中第一段提到现在高铁的速度为220km/h，第二段提到2020年会达到400km/h，400－220＝180，因此会比现在快180km/h。故选D。
3. C 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段划线单词“grid”是什么意思？由后文的描述“中国的铁路由四条南北方向和四条东西方向的高铁线组成网格状”，故grid为“网格”之意。故选C。
4. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：专家冯浩说了什么？冯浩的话主要有两层意思：许多沿着一带一路的市场尤其是在中亚、东南亚，中东和西欧国家，正在打算建设高铁；他们期望得到中国的技术支持。故D项是正确的。
5. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面哪一项被提及了？通读全文可知，文中只提到了高铁的速度问题，没有涉及高铁的建设者，票价以及建筑材料的问题。故选B。
Passage 7
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多国家都在学习汉语，包括阿联酋、俄罗斯、西班牙和美国等国家都开设了汉语相关课程。
1．D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么汉语学习如此火热？根据第一段中“because f the increasing ecnmic(经济的) and cultural cnnectins between China and ther cuntries”可知，因为中国与世界的经济和文化联系更加紧密，国际影响日益深远。故选D。
2．C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面语言中，不属于俄罗斯选修课程的是 。根据第三段最后一句“Fllwing English, German, French, and Spanish, Mandarin has becme the fifth elective test subject fr the exam.”可知，不包括日语。故选C。
3．A 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“thriving”的中文意思是 。本文主要介绍的是汉语在很多国家中被学习。根据划线单词所在句子句意可知，在美国，学习汉语已经兴盛了很多年，现在是美国孩子的流行选择。故选A。
4．C 【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：关于全世界学习汉语的情况，我们能知道什么？根据第四段第一、二句“Spain has mre than 40，000 peple learning Chinese. Last year abut 8，000 peple tk the Chinese Prficiency Test(HSK) exam.”可知，8000/40000＝1/5。故选C。
5．B 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：本文主要内容是 。本文为总分结构，第一段指出了汉语在全世界被学习，下面分别介绍了在阿联酋、俄罗斯、西班牙和美国的学习情况。因此，本文主要介绍汉语学习在全世界很流行。故选B。