高考必考语精讲精练专题十四：特殊句式 Word版含解析

这是一份高考必考语精讲精练专题十四：特殊句式 Word版含解析，共6页。试卷主要包含了强调句的陈述句形式，强调句的一般疑问句形式，强调句的特殊疑问句形式等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ.强调句
一．强调句的基本形式
1、强调句的陈述句形式：
It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ wh+其它部分。
注意：被强调部分通常是主语、宾语或状语；强调主语且指人的时候可以用wh，其他一律用that。例如：
Hemetan ld friendin the parkyesterday.
主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语
对句中各部分进行强调：
（1）强调主语 ：
It was he wh/that met an ld friend in the park yesterday.
（2）强调宾语 ：
It was an ld friend that he met in the park yesterday.
（3）强调地点状语 ：
It was in the park that he met an ld friend yesterday.
（4）强调时间状语 ：
It was yesterday that he met an ld friend in the park.
2、强调句的一般疑问句形式：
Is / was it＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他部分？
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Was it he wh/that met an ld friend in the park yesterday?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Was it an ld friend that he met in the park yesterday?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Was it in the park that he met an ld friend yesterday?
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Was it yesterday that he met an ld friend in the park?
3、强调句的特殊疑问句形式：
特殊疑问词+ is/ was + it + that + 其它部分？
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①What is it that yu want me t d?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Wh was it that brke the windw?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Where was it that yu put yur English bk?
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④When was it that he made up his mind t take this curse?
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Why is it that he desn't like the bk?
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Hw was it that he gt hurt?
注意：
（1）强调主语时，谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is he wh/that ften des gd deeds.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is I wh/that am lking fr yu.
（2）构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词只用that或wh，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that或wh不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是与过去相关的时态，如一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时等，用It was … ，与现在或将来相关的时态用It is … 。
（3）若强调句的疑问句形式放在宾语从句的位置，则需要用陈述句的形式。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①D yu knw wh it is that will teach us English？
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I really dn't knw when it was that he went t bed.
二．nt … until … 句型的强调句
句型为：It is/ was nt until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。
普通句：He didn’t g t bed until his wife came back.
强调句：It was nt until his wife came back that he went t bed.
注意：此句型只用until，不用till；因为句型中It is/ was nt … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
三．谓语动词的强调
1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如需要强调谓语，用助动词d/ des或did。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①D be careful when yu crss the street.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She des lve yu.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He did write t yu last week.
2、注意：此种强调只用d/ des和did ，第三人称单数用des，过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。
强调句的验证方法：先看句子里有没有It、be动词和that，如果有，去掉It is / was…that 结构，看原句是否为一个完整的句子，如果是，则为强调句，否则就不是强调句。
Ⅱ.倒装句
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装(full inversin)和部分倒装(partial inversin)
一、部分倒装
部分倒装可以用于多种时态，常见的情况有：
1. 句首状语为否定词(短语)或半否定词的句子要用部分倒装。这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nr, nt,little,few,nwhere,seldm, rarely, hardly, scarcely, n sner, in n way, by n means ,at n time，in n case ,under n circumstance等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Never will I give in.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Nt a wrd did I say t him.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I can't swim. Neither can he.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Little des he care abut what I said.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Nwhere will yu find the answer t this questin.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥N sner had he gne t bed than he fell asleep.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦Hardly had he arrived at the statin when the train left.
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧By n means will she marry yu.
注意：Neither…nr…所引导的并列句，前后分句均用部分倒装。例如：Neither d I knw her name，nr des Tm.
2. "Only + 状语（副词、介词短语、从句等）"放在句首,句子要部分倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Only then did I realize the imprtance f English.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Only by this means is it pssible t explain it.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Only when the war was ver in 1918 was he able t get happily back t wrk.
注意：“nly+主语”位于句首时不倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①But nly lve can say，try again r walk away.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Only yu can help me.
3.s或s引导的短语放在句首作状语,要部分倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I saw the film, s did Mary.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②S angry was he that he culd hardly speak.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③S frightened was he that he did nt dare t mve an inch.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④S ludly did he speak that peple in the next rm culd hear him.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤S fast did he run that I culd hardly keep up with him.
4. "Nt nly + 分句,but als + 分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Nt nly des Jhn lve Chinese, he is als gd at speaking it.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Nt nly did he cme，but als he was very happy．
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Nt nly was everything that he had taken away frm him ,but als his German citizenship（was taken away）．
注意：nt als...连接主语时,不倒装。例如：
Nt nly the mther but als the children are sick.
5. Nt until放在句首要用部分倒装；若是复句，从句不倒装,主句倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Nt until last week did they find the lst bike.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Nt until my sn had entered the university did he realize the imprtance f learning English.
6.在以ften, many a time, nw and again 等方式或频率副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Often have we made that test.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Many a time has Jhn given me gd advice.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Nw and again did she cme t see me.
7.虚拟语气的条件从句中，省略了if后，were, had, shuld等放在条件句主语前，够成倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Were I yu, I wuld try it again.
=If I were yu，I wuld try it again.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Shuld it rain tmrrw, we wuld have t put ff visiting Beijing.
=If it shuld rain tmrrw，we wuld have t put ff visiting Beijing.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Had yu wrked hard at cllege, yu wuld have gt a better jb.
=If yu had wrked hard at cllege,yu wuld have gt a better jb.
8.由as, thugh, hwever构成的让步状语从句，从句要倒装，此种倒装结构比较特殊，一般为：
形容词（副词或名词等）+as/thugh+主语+谓语;
hwever +形容词（副词)+主语+谓语。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Child as he is,he knws s much abut histry.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Tired as he is, he wn't stp t have a rest.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Try as they might, they weren't able t vertake the leaders.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Try as we might, we will never surpass their achievements.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Hwever late it is , mther will wait fr him t have dinner.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Hwever hard they tried, they weren't able t vertake the leaders.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦Hwever hard we try, we will never surpass their achievements.
二、完全倒装
完全倒装通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构有：
1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①There is a pretty girl in the next rm.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There std a dg befre him.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③There exist different pinins n this questin.
2.在以here、there、nw、then等副词开头的句子里，要用全部倒装。即用“Here, There, Nw, Then + cme (或be,g,lie,run) + 主语" 结构。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Here cmes the girl!
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There ges the bell.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Then came the hur we had been lking frward t.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Nw cmes yur turn.
注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Here yu are.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There she cmes.
3. 表示方向的副词ut, in, up, dwn等置于句首,要用全部倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①In came Mr. White.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Up went the arrw int the air.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Out rushed the children.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Away went the by.
注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Away he went.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Out they rushed.
4.当表示地点的介词词组(如n the wall, under the tree, in frnt f the huse, in the middle f the rm等)在句首时,要用全部倒装。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①At the ft f the hill lies a beautiful lake.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He ran t the building, n the tp f which flew a flag.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③East f the lake lie tw twns.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Under the tree was lying a wunded sldier.
5. 分词(代词) + be + 主语"结构。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Walking at the head f the line was ur teacher.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Buried in the deep sea are all kinds f sea animal bdies.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Such was the stry he tld me.
高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·特殊句式
考点规律分析：短文改错及语法填空对特殊句式的考查主要涉及强调句型尤其是that的使用、倒装句尤其是助动词的选择以及助动词后面接动词原形、省略句等。
特殊句式单句语法填空真题训练：
1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,阅读B)When her daughter and sn asked her t mve t San Antni t help their children, she plitely refused . Only after a year f friendly discussin _______Ms Gaf finally say yes.
2.(2016·全国Ⅲ，阅读D)________(psitive)an article, the mre likely it was t be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new bk.
3.(2016·江苏，34)Nt until recently they encurage the develpment f turists­related activities in the rural areas.
4.(2016·天津，13)Yu are waiting at a wrng place.It is at the htel the cach picks up turists.
5.(2016·北京，阅读B)“It’s the cean ________ makes Rckaway s special.” she says.
6.(2016· 北京，完形)If that happened, Seppala might fall int the icy water belw.He wuld die, and s ________the sick children f Nme.
7.(2016·四川，阅读D)The mre fat yu take in befre bedtime, the ________(great) burden yu will put n yur bdy at night.
8.(2015·天津，3)Only when Lily walked int the ffice _______she realize that she had left the cntract at hme.
9.(2015·湖南，23)Only after talking t tw students did I_________ that having strng mtivatin is ne f the biggest factrs in reaching gals.(discver)
10.(2015·湖南，21)It was when we were returning hme _____________I realized what a gd feeling it was t have helped smene in truble.
11.(2015·湖南，24)Vide games can be a pr influence if ________(leave)in the wrng hands.
学习札记：
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________语法专题十四：特殊句式
特殊句式单句语法填空真题训练：
1．did [考查nly＋状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以此处用助动词did。]
2．The mre psitive [考查the mre...结构，越……就越……。]
3．did [考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Nt until recently可知，本句要用部分倒装形式， encurage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。]
4．that [考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/wh去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The cach picks up turists at the htel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。]
5．that [考查强调句型。]
6．wuld [考查s的倒装结构，前面用了wuld, 后面也用wuld。]
7．greater [考查the mre...结构。]
8．did
9．discver
10.that
11.left