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2018版高考英语（课标通用）大一轮复习课时作业：选修八 Unit 2 Cloning Word版含答案
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这是一份2018版高考英语（课标通用）大一轮复习课时作业：选修八 Unit 2 Cloning Word版含答案，共6页。
[2017·河北邯郸高三一模]
Chinese peple are almst twice as ptimistic abut the wrld as thse frm ther cuntries，while the British are the fifth mst pessimistic(悲观的)，accrding t a recent survey.
YuGv surveyed mre than 18,000 peple in 17 cuntries，and fund that 41 percent f Internet users in China say the wrld is getting better.The cuntry's sunny attitude is nearly duble the next mst ptimistic cuntry，Indnesia，with 23 percent and fur times the glbal average f 10 percent.
While it's said in mst places the chances f getting killed by anther human，life expectancy，pverty，and the rule f law have all imprved significantly ver the past 200 years,65 percent f adults in Britain disagree.An analysis f mre than 10,000 British peple last year fund that believing the wrld is getting better depends significantly n being yung，educated and middle class.
When it cmes t GDP per capita(人均国内生产总值)and ptimism abut the wrld，research shws there seems t be little relatinship.The United States has mre than 31 percent mre GDP per capita than the United Kingdm.Hwever，the tw cuntries are equally pessimistic，with 65 percent f the surveyed saying the wrld is getting wrse.Meanwhile，Australia，which is the secnd mst pessimistic cuntry nly next t France，has almst 20 times mre wealth per persn than the secnd mst ptimistic，Indnesia.Only three percent f the surveyed in Australia believe things are lking up.
Research suggests the huge gap between China and the rest f the wrld when it cmes t the fate f the planet shws smething special.The cuntry's pure rate f grwth，a priritizatin (优先)f health and quality f fd are all cntributing factrs t this belief in a bright future.
1．Accrding t the survey，the glbal average f ptimistic peple is________.
A．10 percent B．23 percent
C．41 percent D．65 percent
2．Wh tend t hld bright attitudes t the wrld in Britain?
A．The ld. B．The pr.
C．The rich. D．The educated.
3．What can we infer frm the furth paragraph?
A．Wealth des nt necessarily mean ptimism.
B．Ecnmic grwth has nthing t d with ptimism.
C．Ecnmic decline is a result f pessimistic attitudes.
D．Peple in develped cuntries are mre ptimistic.
4．Which might be the reasn fr Chinese ptimism?
A．China is a develping cuntry.
B．Chinese peple are the healthiest.
C．Chinese ppulatin grws rapidly.
D．China puts peple's wellbeing first.
答案：[解题导语]YuGv的一项调查显示，在17个参与调查的国家中，中国人的乐观指数最高。
1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句． times the glbal average f 10 percent.可知，调查显示，全球乐观指数平均值为10%。故选A项。
2．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句An analysis f mre than 10,000 British peple last year fund that believing the wrld is getting better depends significantly n being yung，educated and middle class.可知，英国的年轻人、受过教育的人以及中产阶级持有较积极的态度。故选D项。
3．A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句When it cmes t GDP per capita and ptimism abut the wrld，research shws there seems t be little relatinship.可知，人均国内生产总值似乎和乐观态度关系不大，而人均国内生产总值代表着财富，也就是说，财富与乐观态度没有必然联系，即财富并不一定代表态度乐观。故选A项。
4．D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句The cuntry's pure rate f grwth，a priritizatin(优先) f health and quality f fd are all cntributing factrs t this belief in a bright future.可知，中国经济的快速增长、优先考虑健康状况和食品安全等都是中国人乐观积极的原因。故选D项。
Ⅱ.阅读填空
[2017·陕西宝鸡高三检测]
When we think f the wrd “psitive”，mst f us prbably think f “happy”．__1__ There are many ways t be mre psitive in yur life，even when yu're experiencing sadness，anger r challenges.
__2__ Accept the things abut yurself that yu can't change.Accept yurself fr wh yu are right nw，just as yu are.Yu can then feel free t develp that self int the mst psitive self yu can be!
Make gals.Gals give us a mre psitive utlk n life.Research has shwn that setting a gal can make yu feel immediately mre cnfident and hpeful，even if yu dn't achieve the gal right away.__3__
Use yur bdy.Yur bdy and yur mind are intimately suggests that when yu smile－whether yu “feel” happy r nt－yur brain elevates yur md.What yu wear als has an impact n hw yu think and perfrm.__4__ Find clthes that make yu feel gd abut yurself and wear them，n matter what sciety tries t say abut it.
Get sme exercise.When yu exercise，yur bdy releases pwerful endrphins，the bdy's natural “feelgd” chemicals.__5__ Studies have als shwn that regular，mderate exercise increases yur feelings f calmness and wellbeing.
A.Happiness is the nly true measure f persnal success.
B．Accept what yu are.
C．Hwever，happiness isn't the nly type f psitivity.
D．Setting gals that are persnally meaningful t yu.
E．Dress in a way that delights yurself.
F．The clr yu wear culd affect hw yu feel.
G．Exercise can help fight feelings f anxiety and depressin.
答案：[解题导语]积极乐观并不等同于快乐，生活中有许多方法可以让你有积极乐观的心态，即使你感到悲痛、愤怒或者面临挑战，依然可以乐观面对。
1．C 解析：上文提到，一说到积极乐观就会想起快乐，而下文则说明即使感到悲伤、愤怒或面临挑战也可以有积极乐观的心态，上下文有转折。C项(但是，快乐不是积极乐观的唯一方式。)符合语境。故选C项。
2．B 解析：设空处为段落主题句。根据设空后的Accept the things abut yurself... Accept yurself fr wh yu are right nw...可知，本段强调“要接受自己”，故选B项。
3．D 解析：本段主题是“设定目标”。设空前提到设定目标可以给自己一个更积极的生活态度、使你更有信心等，因此D项“设定对你自己有意义的目标。”符合语境。
4．E 解析：本段主题是“利用你的身体”。设空前提到你的穿着影响你的想法和表现，E项(穿上让你开心的衣服。)与此相符。故选E项。
5．G 解析：本段主题是“参加锻炼”。设空后提到，有研究表明有规律且适度的锻炼能够让人感到平静和幸福。由此可知，设空处应该是指锻炼的好处。G项(锻炼能够帮助抵抗焦虑感和抑郁感。)符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Tw years ag，Byan Slat，a then 19yearld university student in Hlland，made the claim that he 1.________clean up the ceans' vast accumulatin f plastics in abut five years.
2．________a scuba diving hliday in Greece，Byan Salt，aged 16，fund there were 3.________(many) plastic bags than fish in the sea.He started seeking fr a slutin t cean plastic 4.________(pllute)．In 2012，he decided t make his intentins public.It sunded like a pipedream t many when Slat first described his idea，but he felt it was s simple and it just might wrk.
Slat came up with 5.________ he called a flating “Ocean Cleanup Array.”Instead f ging after the plastics，he designed an array(阵列) f lng flating barriers t let the cean currents cncentrate the plastic 6.________(it)．The system f flating barriers is ver a mile lng.
The system had its first prffcncept test，which 7.________(perfrm) in the Azres Island.After prving the feasibility (可行性) f the array in ding what it was suppsed t d，the real evaluatin f the array will take place in the secnd quarter f 2016，in a twyear pilt prject in realwrld cnditins ff the cast f Tsushima，an island 8.________(lie) between Japan and Suth Krea.
This pilt prject is wrth watching t see if it 9.________(wrk)．And if it des wrk as 10.________(expect)，we have smething even bigger t lk frward t.
答案：[解题导语]本文介绍了一位大学生关心海洋环境，并决定要清理白色污染的事迹，他想出来的漂浮的“海洋清理阵列”方法如果奏效，将会对海洋保护起到很大的作用。
1．wuld/culd 解析：考查情态动词。句意：两年前，在荷兰当时是一位19岁大学生的博扬·斯拉声称，他将/能在五年中清理掉海洋里大量堆积的塑料袋。本句是说博扬·斯拉的计划，根据主句中的made可知，此处应用过去将来时，故填wuld；同时根据句意也可以是他相信自己能够做到，故也可填culd。
2．During 解析：考查介词。句意：博扬·斯拉16岁时在希腊斯库巴潜泳度假期间，发现海洋里的塑料袋比鱼还要多。根据句意可知，此处指他在希腊度假期间，故填During，意为“在……期间”。
3．mre 解析：考查比较等级。句意见上一题解析。根据句意及than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填mre。
4．pllutin/pllutants 解析：考查词性转换。句意：他开始寻找一种解决方法来处理海洋塑料污染(物)问题。设空前有形容词plastic修饰，且根据上文描述可知，此处指“塑料污染”或“塑料污染物”，故用名词pllutin“污染”或pllutants“污染物”。
5．what 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：斯拉想出一个他称之为漂浮的“海洋清理阵列”的主意。cme up with意为“想出；提出”，后面跟的是宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，结合句意可知填what。
6．itself 解析：考查代词。句意：……他设计出一种长漂浮物的阵列，目的是让洋流自己把塑料集中起来。此处的代词应该指代前面的the plastic自身，故填反身代词itself作同位语。
7．was perfrmed 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。本句描述的是已经发生过的事情，应用一般过去时；which引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为前面的test，和动词perfrm之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was perfrmed。
8．lying 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰island，它和动词lie之间是主动关系，故填现在分词lying。
9．wrks 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：这次飞行员工程是值得的，看看这个想法是否奏效。根据上一段的内容可知，这项工程现在正在实施，所以要看现在的结果，故用一般现在时。故填wrks。
10．expected 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这个方法能像预期的那样奏效，我们会希望去做更大的事情。根据句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，主语it和expect之间是被动关系，故填过去分词expected。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Last week，there was a prgram calling “Learning t Respect Our Parents” in ur schl.That is knwn t us that respect fr ne's parents is ne f Chinese traditinal mral value.And mst students nwadays are “the nly child”．We ften think f themselves as the centre f their family.
As fr the prgram，eight “ds” have wrked ut fr the students t fllw.Fr an example，we are advised t remember ur parents' birthdays.Beside this，it is necessary that we shuld als tell ur parents what we are ging t d when we g ut.The prgram has been such successful that it has been high praised by many peple.
[2017·河北邯郸高三一模]
Chinese peple are almst twice as ptimistic abut the wrld as thse frm ther cuntries，while the British are the fifth mst pessimistic(悲观的)，accrding t a recent survey.
YuGv surveyed mre than 18,000 peple in 17 cuntries，and fund that 41 percent f Internet users in China say the wrld is getting better.The cuntry's sunny attitude is nearly duble the next mst ptimistic cuntry，Indnesia，with 23 percent and fur times the glbal average f 10 percent.
While it's said in mst places the chances f getting killed by anther human，life expectancy，pverty，and the rule f law have all imprved significantly ver the past 200 years,65 percent f adults in Britain disagree.An analysis f mre than 10,000 British peple last year fund that believing the wrld is getting better depends significantly n being yung，educated and middle class.
When it cmes t GDP per capita(人均国内生产总值)and ptimism abut the wrld，research shws there seems t be little relatinship.The United States has mre than 31 percent mre GDP per capita than the United Kingdm.Hwever，the tw cuntries are equally pessimistic，with 65 percent f the surveyed saying the wrld is getting wrse.Meanwhile，Australia，which is the secnd mst pessimistic cuntry nly next t France，has almst 20 times mre wealth per persn than the secnd mst ptimistic，Indnesia.Only three percent f the surveyed in Australia believe things are lking up.
Research suggests the huge gap between China and the rest f the wrld when it cmes t the fate f the planet shws smething special.The cuntry's pure rate f grwth，a priritizatin (优先)f health and quality f fd are all cntributing factrs t this belief in a bright future.
1．Accrding t the survey，the glbal average f ptimistic peple is________.
A．10 percent B．23 percent
C．41 percent D．65 percent
2．Wh tend t hld bright attitudes t the wrld in Britain?
A．The ld. B．The pr.
C．The rich. D．The educated.
3．What can we infer frm the furth paragraph?
A．Wealth des nt necessarily mean ptimism.
B．Ecnmic grwth has nthing t d with ptimism.
C．Ecnmic decline is a result f pessimistic attitudes.
D．Peple in develped cuntries are mre ptimistic.
4．Which might be the reasn fr Chinese ptimism?
A．China is a develping cuntry.
B．Chinese peple are the healthiest.
C．Chinese ppulatin grws rapidly.
D．China puts peple's wellbeing first.
答案：[解题导语]YuGv的一项调查显示，在17个参与调查的国家中，中国人的乐观指数最高。
1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句． times the glbal average f 10 percent.可知，调查显示，全球乐观指数平均值为10%。故选A项。
2．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句An analysis f mre than 10,000 British peple last year fund that believing the wrld is getting better depends significantly n being yung，educated and middle class.可知，英国的年轻人、受过教育的人以及中产阶级持有较积极的态度。故选D项。
3．A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句When it cmes t GDP per capita and ptimism abut the wrld，research shws there seems t be little relatinship.可知，人均国内生产总值似乎和乐观态度关系不大，而人均国内生产总值代表着财富，也就是说，财富与乐观态度没有必然联系，即财富并不一定代表态度乐观。故选A项。
4．D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句The cuntry's pure rate f grwth，a priritizatin(优先) f health and quality f fd are all cntributing factrs t this belief in a bright future.可知，中国经济的快速增长、优先考虑健康状况和食品安全等都是中国人乐观积极的原因。故选D项。
Ⅱ.阅读填空
[2017·陕西宝鸡高三检测]
When we think f the wrd “psitive”，mst f us prbably think f “happy”．__1__ There are many ways t be mre psitive in yur life，even when yu're experiencing sadness，anger r challenges.
__2__ Accept the things abut yurself that yu can't change.Accept yurself fr wh yu are right nw，just as yu are.Yu can then feel free t develp that self int the mst psitive self yu can be!
Make gals.Gals give us a mre psitive utlk n life.Research has shwn that setting a gal can make yu feel immediately mre cnfident and hpeful，even if yu dn't achieve the gal right away.__3__
Use yur bdy.Yur bdy and yur mind are intimately suggests that when yu smile－whether yu “feel” happy r nt－yur brain elevates yur md.What yu wear als has an impact n hw yu think and perfrm.__4__ Find clthes that make yu feel gd abut yurself and wear them，n matter what sciety tries t say abut it.
Get sme exercise.When yu exercise，yur bdy releases pwerful endrphins，the bdy's natural “feelgd” chemicals.__5__ Studies have als shwn that regular，mderate exercise increases yur feelings f calmness and wellbeing.
A.Happiness is the nly true measure f persnal success.
B．Accept what yu are.
C．Hwever，happiness isn't the nly type f psitivity.
D．Setting gals that are persnally meaningful t yu.
E．Dress in a way that delights yurself.
F．The clr yu wear culd affect hw yu feel.
G．Exercise can help fight feelings f anxiety and depressin.
答案：[解题导语]积极乐观并不等同于快乐，生活中有许多方法可以让你有积极乐观的心态，即使你感到悲痛、愤怒或者面临挑战，依然可以乐观面对。
1．C 解析：上文提到，一说到积极乐观就会想起快乐，而下文则说明即使感到悲伤、愤怒或面临挑战也可以有积极乐观的心态，上下文有转折。C项(但是，快乐不是积极乐观的唯一方式。)符合语境。故选C项。
2．B 解析：设空处为段落主题句。根据设空后的Accept the things abut yurself... Accept yurself fr wh yu are right nw...可知，本段强调“要接受自己”，故选B项。
3．D 解析：本段主题是“设定目标”。设空前提到设定目标可以给自己一个更积极的生活态度、使你更有信心等，因此D项“设定对你自己有意义的目标。”符合语境。
4．E 解析：本段主题是“利用你的身体”。设空前提到你的穿着影响你的想法和表现，E项(穿上让你开心的衣服。)与此相符。故选E项。
5．G 解析：本段主题是“参加锻炼”。设空后提到，有研究表明有规律且适度的锻炼能够让人感到平静和幸福。由此可知，设空处应该是指锻炼的好处。G项(锻炼能够帮助抵抗焦虑感和抑郁感。)符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Tw years ag，Byan Slat，a then 19yearld university student in Hlland，made the claim that he 1.________clean up the ceans' vast accumulatin f plastics in abut five years.
2．________a scuba diving hliday in Greece，Byan Salt，aged 16，fund there were 3.________(many) plastic bags than fish in the sea.He started seeking fr a slutin t cean plastic 4.________(pllute)．In 2012，he decided t make his intentins public.It sunded like a pipedream t many when Slat first described his idea，but he felt it was s simple and it just might wrk.
Slat came up with 5.________ he called a flating “Ocean Cleanup Array.”Instead f ging after the plastics，he designed an array(阵列) f lng flating barriers t let the cean currents cncentrate the plastic 6.________(it)．The system f flating barriers is ver a mile lng.
The system had its first prffcncept test，which 7.________(perfrm) in the Azres Island.After prving the feasibility (可行性) f the array in ding what it was suppsed t d，the real evaluatin f the array will take place in the secnd quarter f 2016，in a twyear pilt prject in realwrld cnditins ff the cast f Tsushima，an island 8.________(lie) between Japan and Suth Krea.
This pilt prject is wrth watching t see if it 9.________(wrk)．And if it des wrk as 10.________(expect)，we have smething even bigger t lk frward t.
答案：[解题导语]本文介绍了一位大学生关心海洋环境，并决定要清理白色污染的事迹，他想出来的漂浮的“海洋清理阵列”方法如果奏效，将会对海洋保护起到很大的作用。
1．wuld/culd 解析：考查情态动词。句意：两年前，在荷兰当时是一位19岁大学生的博扬·斯拉声称，他将/能在五年中清理掉海洋里大量堆积的塑料袋。本句是说博扬·斯拉的计划，根据主句中的made可知，此处应用过去将来时，故填wuld；同时根据句意也可以是他相信自己能够做到，故也可填culd。
2．During 解析：考查介词。句意：博扬·斯拉16岁时在希腊斯库巴潜泳度假期间，发现海洋里的塑料袋比鱼还要多。根据句意可知，此处指他在希腊度假期间，故填During，意为“在……期间”。
3．mre 解析：考查比较等级。句意见上一题解析。根据句意及than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填mre。
4．pllutin/pllutants 解析：考查词性转换。句意：他开始寻找一种解决方法来处理海洋塑料污染(物)问题。设空前有形容词plastic修饰，且根据上文描述可知，此处指“塑料污染”或“塑料污染物”，故用名词pllutin“污染”或pllutants“污染物”。
5．what 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：斯拉想出一个他称之为漂浮的“海洋清理阵列”的主意。cme up with意为“想出；提出”，后面跟的是宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，结合句意可知填what。
6．itself 解析：考查代词。句意：……他设计出一种长漂浮物的阵列，目的是让洋流自己把塑料集中起来。此处的代词应该指代前面的the plastic自身，故填反身代词itself作同位语。
7．was perfrmed 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。本句描述的是已经发生过的事情，应用一般过去时；which引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为前面的test，和动词perfrm之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was perfrmed。
8．lying 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰island，它和动词lie之间是主动关系，故填现在分词lying。
9．wrks 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：这次飞行员工程是值得的，看看这个想法是否奏效。根据上一段的内容可知，这项工程现在正在实施，所以要看现在的结果，故用一般现在时。故填wrks。
10．expected 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这个方法能像预期的那样奏效，我们会希望去做更大的事情。根据句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，主语it和expect之间是被动关系，故填过去分词expected。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Last week，there was a prgram calling “Learning t Respect Our Parents” in ur schl.That is knwn t us that respect fr ne's parents is ne f Chinese traditinal mral value.And mst students nwadays are “the nly child”．We ften think f themselves as the centre f their family.
As fr the prgram，eight “ds” have wrked ut fr the students t fllw.Fr an example，we are advised t remember ur parents' birthdays.Beside this，it is necessary that we shuld als tell ur parents what we are ging t d when we g ut.The prgram has been such successful that it has been high praised by many peple.
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