2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重代词和数词

这是一份2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重代词和数词，共9页。试卷主要包含了熟记下列有关it的固定句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考语法填空：侧重代词和数词
代词和数词
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们
I yu he she it we yu they
me yu him her it us yu them
my yur his her its ur yur their
mine yurs his hers its urs yurs theirs
myself yurself himself herself itself urselves yurselves themselves
主格作主语，宾格作宾语。
形容词性物主代词+名词，名词性物主代词单独使用
反身代词常用于短语中，如：enjy neself, hurt neself
注意：语法填空中三种代词相互转化
改错中主语性别和单复数
指示代词
替代词的用法和区别
It的用法
1．it可用于无人称句，表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如：
It is getting warmer and warmer.
It was already ten 'clck when he arrived hme.
It's ten minutes' walk frm here t ur schl.
It's very quiet at the mment.
2．it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如：
It's imprtant fr us t learn a secnd language.
We must make it clear that anyne wh breaks the law will be punished.
3．熟记下列有关it的固定句型
make it；get it；keep it up；see t it that；put it
疑问代词
疑问代词放在连接词中讲解
不定代词
bth, all, either, each, every, neither, nne的用法
1．bth，either，neither用于两者。bth意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：
Bth the bys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either f the tw bys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither f the tw bys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2．all，nne，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；nne意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All f the students are there.
All (f) the milk is there.
Every student in ur schl wrks hard.
我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have an e­dictinary./Each f the students has an e­dictinary./The students each have an e­dictinary.
每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
sme和any的用法
1．表示“一些”时，sme常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如：
If yu have any questins, please ask me.
2．在疑问句中可用sme，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如：
Wuld yu like sme cffee?
3．sme可接单数名词表示“某一个”；any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如：
I remember having read this article in sme magazine.
Here are three nvels.Yu may read any.
复合不定代词的用法
由sme，any，n，every加上­bdy，­ne，­thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。
1．sme构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：
Smebdy is waiting utside.
I have smething fr yu.
She thinks she's smething since she wn the prize.
获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。
2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：
Des anybdy else want t g?
There isn't anything in the bx.
If anyne wants t g n the trip, register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：
Anybdy can wrk ut that simple maths prblem.
Yu can take anything yu like.
3．n构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：
I knw nthing abut it.
There is nbdy here.
4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：
Everybdy enjyed themselves n vacatin.
She des everything t help her mther.
Her sn is everything t her.
对她来说儿子就是一切。
the ther，ther，anther，thers，the thers的区别
He is willing t help thers/ther peple.
Twenty f the students in ur class have been t Beijing. The ther students/The thers have nt.
Sme f us like ftball, and thers are fnd f basketball.
We need anther five chairs/five mre chairs.
nne，n ne，nbdy，nthing的区别
基数词和序数词
基数词和序数词的基本知识
相互变换
One-first tw-secnd three-third
基数词表达确数和概数
确数没有s没有f，概数有s有f
300 three hundred
数百个 hundreds f
序数词前冠词的使用
序数词前一般有定冠词the
数词的应用
日期表达
年，月，日，星期，时间
整时：5 ’clck
不整时：six past fifteen fifteen t six
注意quarter的含义
分数表达
基数词+序数词(s)
基数词+ut f+基数词
注意分数时的主谓一致
高考语法填空选练题
【2018高考选练】语法填空
阅读下面课文缩写材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Christmas is n fun when yu're pr. Twenty years ag, I was a yung, 1.struggling (struggle) substitute teacher (代课教师) whse calls int wrk had been few. Mney was tight, bills were due 2.s/and my wife and I culdn't even affrd t get Christmas gifts fr each ther. The nly gifts we culd get fr ur children were a few sft tys that I had fund 3.sld (sell) at half price in the supermarket. I pened the dr and brught in the gifts I 4.had_hidden (hide) in ur ld car's trunk. Then I handed 5.them/the_gifts t my sn and daughter. I watched with a sad smile as they did their best t tear ff the wrapping (包装) paper. As they pulled ut their tys, thugh, I nticed their 6.eyes/faces lit up and they jumped up and dwn. My daughter 7.happily (happy) hugged her ty and then hugged her mm and me as well. I laughed as I watched my children play with their tys 8.fr hurs, and I thanked Gd fr the 9.greatest (great) gift I had ever been given. Till tday I still treasure 10.the gift f pure lve that my sn and daughter gave me that day.
语法填空。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every day has the ptential t be a gd and, in sme cases, a great day fr yu. Few f us get up in the mrning 1 (think)that we want this t be a bad day. Yet in many cases the day turns that way because f a persn r an event 2 we wrry abut.
Think abut thse small events which can thrw yu ff balance and affect yur whle day 3 (negative). Wh stle yur day? Was 4 a bss, an unruly child, an erratic driver n the way t wrk, getting 5 “F”n a histry paper, 6 an implite waiter at lunch that did?
Every day numerus peple r events can prevent us frm having a gd day, if we let them. The key is that we shuld adpt a psitive attitude twards life. We cannt cntrl 7 happens t us in many cases, but we can cntrl hw we react 8 these events.
La-tzu, a Chinese philspher, 9 (say), “He wh cnquers thers is strng; he wh cnquers 10 is mighty. ”
【文章大意】每一天既可能会朝着好的方面发展, 也可能会朝着坏的方面发展, 关键是看我们对生活采取的态度。虽然我们不能控制会发生什么事, 但我们可以控制我们对所发生的事情的态度。
1. 【解析】thinking。考查现在分词。think和逻辑主语few f us之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作伴随状语。
2. 【解析】that。考查关系代词。that引导定语从句修饰先行词a persn r an event, that在从句中作介词abut的宾语, 先行词中既有人也有事物, 不可用which。
3. 【解析】negatively。考查副词。修饰动词(affect), 应用副词。
4. 【解析】it。考查代词。本句是强调句, 句中缺少it。
5. 【解析】an。考查冠词。F表示的是学业成绩中的F级别, 是一个可数名词, 此处是泛指“一个F级别”, 应用不定冠词; F是以元音音素开头的, 应用不定冠词an修饰。
6. 【解析】r。考查并列连词。an implite waiter和“F”n a histry paper是并列关系, 表示的是一种可能性, 应用r, 意为“或者”。
7. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。cntrl后跟的是一个宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 应用what引导。
8. 【解析】t。考查介词。react t sth. 对某事做出反应, 是固定搭配。
9. 【解析】said。考查时态。表述过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时。
10. 【解析】himself。考查代词。由He wh cnquers thers is strng可知, 此处指的是“征服自己的人才是强大的”。主语是he, 所以反身代词用himself。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
【2016高考训练】
The day my husband fell t his death, it started t snw, just like any Nvember day. His bdy, when I fund it, was lightly cvered with snw. It snwed almst every day fr the next fur mnths, while I sat n the cuch and watched it pile up. One mrning, I shuffled dwnstairs and was surprised t see a snw remver clearing my driveway and the bent back f a wman shveling(铲)my walk. I drpped t my knees, crawled thrugh the living rm. And back up stairs s thse gd peple wuld nt see me. I was embarrassed. My first thught was, hw wuld I ever repay them? I didn’t have the strength t brush my hair let alne shvel smene’s walk.
Befre Jhn’s death, I tk pride in the fact that I rarely asked fr help r favrs, I defined myself by my cmpetence and independence. S wh was I if I was n lnger capable and busy? Hw culd I respect myself if all I did was sit n the cuch every day and watch the snwfall?
Learning hw t receive the lve and supprt that came my way wasn't easy. Friends cked fr me and l cried because I culdn't even help them set the table. “I'm nt usually this lazy,” I wept. Finally, my friend Kathy sat dwn with me and said, "Mary, cking fr yu is nt a burden. I lve yu and I want t d it. It makes me feel gd t be able t d smething fr yu. ”
Over and ver, I heard similar emtins frm the peple wh supprted me during thse dark days. One very wise man tld me, “Yu are nt ding nthing. Being fully pen t yur srrw may be the hardest wrk yu will ever d.”
I am nt the persn I nce was, but in many ways I have changed fr the better. My heart is nw filled with thanks fr peple arund me. I have been surprised t learn that there is incredible freedm that cmes frm facing ne’s wrst fear and walking away whle. I believe there is strength, fr sure, in accepting a dark perid f ur life.
1. Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A. The writer’s friend was unwilling t ck fr her.
B. The writer had been busy with her life befre.
C. The writer recvered frm her srrw quickly with his friend‘s help.
D. The day her husband died, it was snwing heavily.
3. The underlined wrd “shuffled” in Paragraph 1 prbably means ___________.
A. stepped steadilyB. walked slwly C. ran swiftlyD. fell sadly
4. We can infer frm the passage that ____________.
A. the writer fund her husband immediately he fell ff the rf
B. the writer became strng-willed immediately after Jhn's death
C. the peple arund the writer were friendly and supprted her
D. befre Jhn’s death, the writer never asked thers fr help
5. The writer wrte the passage t ___________.
A. share her sad stry with us
B. express her guilty cnscience t the peple wh helped her
C. shw her thanks t the peple wh lve and supprt her
D. tell us the changes she has made because f her husband’s death
参考答案1—4、BBCC

it
替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物
—Have yu fund yur pen?
—N, I haven't fund it.
ne/nes
ne用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。其复数形式为nes
I think this bk is better than the ne I read last time.
These shes are nt gd enugh. Shw me sme better nes.
that/
thse
that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the ne。其复数形式为thse，相当于the nes
The weather in Beijing is much clder than that in Nanjing in winter.
the ther/
ther
the ther可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。ther不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
anther
可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外anther后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”
thers/
the thers
thers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与sme一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the thers
nne
既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接f短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由hw many/much引导的疑问句
—Hw much mney d yu have?
—Nne.
n ne/
nbdy
只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由wh引导的疑问句；不与f短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数
—Wh is in the rm?
—Nbdy./N ne.
nthing
只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句
—What are yu ding
nw?
—Nthing.