2018届高三英语二轮复习试题：专题三第二讲　词义猜测题题型突破 Word版含解析

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这是一份2018届高三英语二轮复习试题：专题三第二讲　词义猜测题题型突破 Word版含解析，共18页。

题型1 猜测单词类
[示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)Once I had a by wh wrked experimentally with Tinkertys in his free time. His cnstructins filled a shelf in the art classrm and a gd part f his bedrm at hme. I was delighted at the presence f such a student. Here was an exceptinally creative mind at wrk. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whse creativity wuld infect(感染) ther students.
Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare，“But I’m just nt creative.”
27．What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Mistake. B．Drawback.
C．Difficulty. D．Burden.
[解题思路]
第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词
①Encuraging__this__kind__f__thinking__has__a__dwnside.
②I__ran__the__risk__f__lsing__thse__students__wh__had__a__different__style__f__thinking.
第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答 ____B____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)The underlined means____________．
(2)Which f the fllwing is clsest in meaning t the underlined
2．“文中信息”巧利用
(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用r，that is(t say)，in ther wrds，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。
(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。
(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。
(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。
(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。
题型2 猜测短语类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，D)T cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep. Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the__water__catcher’s prductivity. Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle. Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up—and ut—the side f the hle.
Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck. The plastic shuld nw frm a cne(圆锥体) with 45degreeangled sides. The lw pint f the sheet must be centered directly ver, and n mre than three inches abve, the cup.
33．What des the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The tube. B．The still.
C．The hle. D．The cup.
[解题思路]
第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。
T__cnstruct__a__wrking__still,__use__a__sharp__stick__r__rck__t__dig__a__hle__fur__feet__acrss__and__three__feet__deep.
第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答 ____B____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)The underlined be replaced by____________．
(2)What des the underlined t?
2．“语境分析”猜短语
短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。
3．明晰干扰选项特征
短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：
(1)短语的字面意思；
(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；
(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。
题型3 猜测指代类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，C)
Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
[解题思路]
第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句
It’s__Jasn__Mran’s__jb__t__help__change__that.
第二步试找出该代词所代替的词语
此处change that可知that代指上文the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins。
尝试解答 ____C____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)What des the underlined wrd “this/it/them...” refer t?
(2)The underlined part “it/that/they...”(in Para...) refers t____________．
2．“就近原则”判指代
此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，ne，which等)或代动词(d，des，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：
(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...)。
(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。
(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。
题型4 猜测句意类
[示例] (2017·浙江卷，A)The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the cat began t lk ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
The__cat’s__lt__was__abut__t__imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin’s cusins, Mr.Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years ld，Mr.Penningtn returned fr anther visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the by back t Philadelphia fr a visit.
22．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A．The cat wuld be clsely watched.
B．The cat wuld get sme medical care.
C．Benjamin wuld leave his hme shrtly.
D．Benjamin wuld have real brushes sn.
[解题思路]
第一步速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子
①Befre__lng,__the__cat__began__t__lk__ragged(蓬乱)．
②When__he__went__hme,__he__sent__Benjamin__a__bx__f__paint__and__sme__brushes.
第二步对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案
由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。
尝试解答 ____D____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined
(2)What is the implied meaning f the underlined sentence abve?
(3)What can we infer frm the underlined sentence in
**************
2．“意义吻合”定句意
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。
(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。
[状元技法]
顺藤摸瓜——猜测词义类题目
1．做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。
2．重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：
but/yet/hwever/nevertheless/while/whereas/therwise/r else/unlike/instead/rather than/by cntrast/cmpared t/n the cntrary/n the ther
3．重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：
t be defined as/t be called/t mean/t refer t/that is(t say)/in ther wrds/namely
,[学生用书P47] )
A
(2017·云南高三检测一)My drbell rings at 11 a．m. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady. She is small and slight. She hlds a paper carrier bag in her hands.
I knw this lady. It is by n means her first visit. Her daughter, Nicle, bught the huse next dr last Octber.Nicle, wh is currently in Shanghai, has apparently tld her mther that I am having heart surgery shrtly, and the result is that her mther has decided I need t be supplied with meals.
I knw what is inside the paper carrier bag—a stainless steel cntainer with a meal f rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat r shrimp. This has becme an almstdaily ccurrence.
Cmmunicatin between my benefactr(恩人) and me is smewhat handicapped by the fact that she desn’t speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “ hell”. Once, she brught an iPad and pinted t the screen, which displayed a message frm Nicle telling me that her mther wanted t knw if the fd was all right.
“Yur mther just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time，” I prtested. “ I can hardly reciprcate by cking smething frm my native land, like rast beef r Yrkshire pudding fr her, ”I said.
“Oh, n，” Nicle said. “Dn’t wrry abut that. She has t ck fr the family anyway, and she wants t d it fr yu. Yu can call her Wing, which is her surname. ”
The tenant in my basement suite is a university student wh speaks Mandarin quite well, s with her help, I have fund ut that Wing is 68—13 years yunger than I am. Fr my part, I was raised in wartime Britain.
S here we are, tw grandmthers a wrld away frm where we were raised, neither f us able t speak the ther’s language. But the drbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly t me by Wing.
Right nw I am wrking n sme mre Mandarin wrds—it’s the least I can d after such a display f kindness.
“Thank yu” is, f curse, the first ne, which smehw seems inadequate.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。
1. The authr and Wing gt t knw each ther________．
A．as next dr neighbrs
B．when exchanging meals
C．by sharing similar experiences
D．after using an iPad t cmmunicate
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“I knw this daughter，Nicle，bught the huse next dr last Octber.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。
2．The underlined wrd “reciprcate” in Paragraph 5 prbably means “________”．
A．d as well B．ffer generusly
C．give in return D．accept with pleasure
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Yur mther just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。
3．The authr’s effrt t learn Mandarin shws her________．
A．great satisfactin B．real kindness
C．heartfelt thanks D．sincere friendship
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it’s the least I can d after such a display f kindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。
B
(2017·云南高三检测二)Half f primary schls will adpt the traditinal Chinese methd f maths teaching in a Gvernment drive t stp British yungsters frm falling behind their__Asian__cunterparts．
Yungsters in the U．K. lag way behind thse in China, Singapre and Japan in numeracy(计算能力). In the latest PISA (Prgramme fr Internatinal Student Assessment) tests fr 15－year－lds, Shanghai came tp in maths while the U．K. came 26th.
The schl will give up “child－centred” styles and instead return t repetitin, drills and “chalk and talk” whle－class learning. Primary schl children will be taught “Shanghai maths” as British schls cpy Chinese teaching methds t imprve standards. S far 140 teachers have been trained in the apprach.
Currently, classes are ften divided int grups based n ability. Critics blame the British teaching styles that fcused n applying maths t real－life situatins in an effrt t make the subject mre interesting. They say this has led t cnfusin and stpped children learning the basics. Under the Gvernment’s new plans, children as yung as five will have drills t practise sums and exercises, and must master each cncept befre mving t the next.
Nick Gibb, the schls minister, said that training will be prvided fr 8，000 primary schls—half the cuntry’s ttal—t switch t the Shanghai “mastery” apprach.
“We are seeing a renaissance(复兴) in maths teaching in this cuntry, with gd ideas frm arund the wrld helping t cheer up ur classrms，” he said.
[解题导语] 本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。
4．The underlined wrds “their Asian cunterparts” in Paragraph 1 refer t____________．
A．the weak pupils in Asia
B．the yung students in Asia
C．the primary schls in Asia
D．the maths teachers in Asia
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“British yungsters”可知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断出，画线部分指的是Asian yungsters，即亚洲的少年们。故选B。
5．Which f the fllwing is an apprach f “Shanghai maths”？
A．Children can chse t learn what interests them.
B．Children are given different wrk based n their ability.
C．Children are taught in grups rather than as an entire class.
D．Children are required t master a cncept befre they prgress.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的． must master each cncept befre mving t the next.可知，“上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。故选D。
6．Recently, sme British maths teachers have been trained t____________．
A．increase the difficulty level
B．cnduct “child－centred” classes
C．guide students t repeat and drill
D．meet the needs f smart students
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的The schl will give up “child－centred” styles and instead return t repetitin, drills and “chalk and talk” whle－class learning.并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选C。
7．What is Nick Gibb’s attitude tward the new teaching style?
A．Supprtive. B．Dubtful.
C．Cautius. D．Negative.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，Nick Gibb非常支持这种新的教学模式。故选A。
专题强化训练11 词义猜测题——猜测单词类/短语类[学生用书P97(单独成册)]
A
(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)Recently I and ther Red Crss vlunteers met a grup f victims frm Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health prfessinals, t ffer “psychlgical first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing pwer f presence. As we walked in the gate t the shelter, we were greeted with a burst f gratitude(感激) frm the first persn we met. I felt appreciated, but als guilty, because I hadn’t really dne anything yet.
I first realized the pwer f presence many years ag when a friend’s mther passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted t rush dwn there immediately, but didn’t want t intrude (打扰) n this very persnal perid f sadness. I was trn abut what t d. Anther friend with me then said, “Just g. Just be there.” I did, and I will never regret it.
Since then, I have nt hesitated t be in the presence f thers. Once I sat at the bedside f a yung man suffering frm the pain f his AIDSrelated dying. He was nt awake, and bviusly unaware f thers’ presence. Hwever, the atmsphere was by n means slemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allwed him t be present with them as thugh he were still fully alive.
In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing pwer f presence. In it, nne f us are truly alne. It nt nly is smething we give t thers but als changes me fr the better.
[解题导语] 本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。
1．Why were the hurricane victims grateful t the authr?
A．He built shelters fr them.
B．He gave immediate first aid t them.
C．He came t stay with them.
D．He brught mental health prfessinals.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“We were there, as mental health prfessinals, t ffer ‘psychlgical first aid’ and I was struck by the simple healing pwer f presence.”可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。
2．What did the authr d when his friend’s mther passed away?
A．He hesitated ver whether t g.
B．He went t his friend’s at nce.
C．He knew what t d instantly.
D．He decided nt t disturb his friend.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted t rush dwn there immediately, but didn’t want t intrude (打扰) n this very persnal perid f sadness. I was trn abut what t d.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。
3．What des the underlined wrd “slemn” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Heavy but warm.
B．A little sad but csy.
C．Relaxing and delightful.
D．Very serius and unhappy.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“His family, playing guitars and singing”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“ means”和第三段第二句中的“a yung man suffering frm the pain f his AIDSrelated dying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。
4．What has the authr learned frm his experience?
A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B．Being present can make a big difference.
C．The family harmny is the happiest thing in life.
D．Being a vlunteer can make ne’s life mre significant.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing pwer f presence. In it, nne f us are truly alne.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。
B
(2017·重庆调研推测二)As the wrld becmes mre cnnected, the number f peple living utside their hme cuntry is n the rise. T find ut what makes expats(移民) happy in their new hmetwn, the glbal cmmunity netwrk InterNatins recently cnducted their annual Expat Insider survey.
In Malta, warm weather and nearness t Eurpe are the big draws fr this Mediterranean natin. The climate leads t a slwer pace f life.
“Sme shps have a ‘siesta’ early in the afternn, and many peple ntice slw service at the restaurants，” said an InterNatins Cnsul frm Rme. “I remember sitting at a table arund 8 p．m. nce and leaving at midnight! We nly had a starter and ne main.”
In Ecuadr, friendly peple, affrdable healthcare and tasty, cheap fd are just a few reasns as t why expats lve living in Ecuadr. Plus, the cuntry’s diverse cities give expats a lt f chices.
“The beauty f Ecuadr is the variety，” said an InterNatins ambassadr. “The peple wh cme t retire in Ecuadr ften lk fr a lwer cst f living, s the castline, the suthern part f Ecuadr and Ambat will fit this type f expat. In the case f business－minded r utging expats, Quit, Guayaquil and Cuenca are the cities t live in.” The bigger cities d cme at a cst, he warned, with higher prices fr rent and eating ut.
In New Zealand, the cuntry’s natural beauty draws peple frm acrss the wrld, and with easy access t bth cities and beaches, expats usually adpt the lcal relaxed lifestyle.
An InterNatins Ambassadr frm Hng Kng ntes that a typical Kiwi wrks 8：30 a．m. t 5 p．m., never vertime, and enjys meals and weekend activities, like huse parties, rad trips r hiking, with their family.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人士在新家乡感到快乐的调查研究。
5．What is InterNatins’ survey fr?
A．T study why the number f expats is n the rise.
B．T make clear what the exact number f expats is.
C．T lk int hw expats adpted their new hmetwn.
D．T discver what pleases expats in their adpted cuntries.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句T find ut what makes expats(移民) happy in their new hmetwn, the glbal cmmunity netwrk InterNatins recently cnducted their annual Expat Insider survey.可知，InterNatins的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对他们移民的国家感到满意。故选D。
6．What des the underlined wrd “siesta” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Sale. B．Break.
C．Prmtin. D．Exhibitin.
B 解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slwer pace f life”可知，这些地方的生活节奏很慢，饭店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打烊了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B项意思最为接近。故选B。
7．What d we knw abut the expats t Ecuadr?
A．Rich expats wuld like t live in Ambat.
B．All the expats lve the lwer cst f living.
C．Outging expats are likely t chse Cuenca.
D．The bigger cities are the best chices fr pr expats.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句In the case f business－minded r utging expats, Quit, Guayaquil and Cuenca are the cities t live in.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作为定居的城市。故选C。
8．Expats chse New Zealand because f its____________．
A．special climate B．typical animals
C．natural beauty D．fast pace f life
C 解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选择新西兰主要是因为它的自然美景。故选C。
C
(2017·银川4月检测)Crssing yur legs is an extremely cmmn habit; mst peple dn’t even ntice that they’re ding it when they sit dwn. While yu may find it cmfrtable t sit with ne knee crssed ver the ther, it might be causing health prblems that yu are nt aware f.
A study published in Bld Pressure Mnitring stated that sitting with yur legs crssed can increase yur bld pressure. The reasn fr this is that the bld in yur legs has t wrk against gravity t be pumped back t yur heart and that crssing ne leg ver the ther increases resistance, making it even harder fr the bld t circulate. This causes yur bdy t increase yur bld pressure t push the bld back t the heart. Yu wn’t feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawnut increases in bld pressure can cause lngterm health issues. S, planning t sit fr a lng perid f time? Dn’t keep yur legs crssed.
“Crssing yur legs at the knee can als cause pressure n the majr nerve in yur leg that passes just belw yur knee and alng the utside f yur leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temprary paralysis(麻痹) f sme f the muscles in yur ft and leg, preventing yu frm being able t raise yur ankle—what we knw as that “pins__and__needles” sensatin. While the feeling f discmfrt may nly last a minute r tw, repeatedly crssing yur legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
S next time yu sit dwn, try t get yurself in the habit f sitting with bth f yur feet n the flr. Nt nly will it help yur psture and stability, but it will als save yur health in the lng run.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。
9．What can we learn abut crssing ne’s legs?
A．It is a very bad scial habit.
B．It is usually practiced deliberately.
C．It can d harm t peple’s health.
D．It can make thers feel uncmfrtable.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“While yu may find it cmfrtable t sit with ne knee crssed ver the ther, it might be causing health prblems that yu are nt aware f.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。
10．Accrding t the study, sitting with yur legs crssed can________．
A．affect yur bld pressure
B．resist gravity effectively
C．lead t heart attacks easily
D．imprve the functin f legs
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“A study published in Bld Pressure Mnitring stated that sitting with yur legs crssed can increase yur bld pressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。
11．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” prbably means “________”．
A．slightly sharp pains
B．being a little tired
C．serius muscle injuries
D．being highly flexible
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“This pressure can cause numbness and temprary paralysis(麻痹) f sme f the muscles in yur ft and leg, preventing yu frm being able t raise yur ankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。
12．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T cmpare cmmn habits.
B．T give readers sme advice.
C．T evaluate the effects f an experiment.
D．T intrduce research methds.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。
专题强化训练12 词义猜测题——猜测指代类/句意类[学生用书P99(单独成册)]
A
(2017·广州检测)We all knw the feeling: lking at the cmputer screen, pretending t be interested in ur hmewrk, even thugh we really feel bred. But such feelings may sn be at an end, says Dr. Harry Witchel, head f the Essex Medical Schl. He believes that cmputers f the future will ntice when peple feel bred and even take actin t stp it．
Befre yu get cncerned, the machine wn’t be reading yur mind. It will be bserving the many mvements yu make while using a cmputer. It’s nt interested in the big mvements needed t use the machine—like mving a muse r tuching a screen—but small, barely nticeable mvements like clsing yur eyes, mving in yur seat r rubbing yur face. Witchel calls these “bredm mvements” and says they shw hw interested the persn is in what they are reading r watching. The higher the interest level, the less mvement!
T test his thery, Witchel invited 27 peple t perfrm varius cmputer－based tasks. The activities ranged frm playing nline games (an interesting task) t reading dcuments like gvernment laws that mst peple wuld find bring.
A special vide camera fllwed the participants’ mvements as they cmpleted each task. Just as the researcher expected, the “bredm mvements” greatly decreased, by as much as 42%, when the subjects were very interested in what they were reading r seeing.
Frtunately, Dr. Witchel isn’t planning t use his results t create machines that reprt students wh are nt paying attentin at schl. Instead, he wants “mvement sensing” technlgy t be built int future cmputers in rder t imprve students’ cmputer－based learning experience.
The scientist says that by measuring the students’ interest level as they wrk, educatrs will be able t adjust their materials in real－time t keep students fcused. Witchel als believes that the technlgy can prvide filmmakers with hnest audience pinins and in the future, help t develp mre intelligent rbts.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。Witchel博士所做的一项实验表明：当人们感兴趣于读或看的内容时，无聊感就会有所下降。所以可以将该项结果应用于教育中，通过实时调整学习材料提高学生的学习兴趣。
1．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Hmewrk. B．A cmputer.
C．Bredm. D．The future.
C 解析：代词指代题。由第一段最后一句He believes that cmputers f the future will ntice when peple feel bred and even take actin t stp it．及语境可推断出，“it”指人们的无聊。故选C。
2．Why did Dr. Witchel carry ut his research?
A．T discver hw bred peple mve.
B．T find ut what makes peple bred.
C．T see if interested peple are mre active.
D．T test the link between bredm and mvement.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第二段最后两句Witchel calls these “bredm mvements” and says they shw hw interested the persn is in what they are reading r watching. The higher the interest level, the less mvement！可推断出，Witchel做研究的目的是测试无聊和活动之间的关系。故选D。
3．Which mvement wuld Witchel’s technlgy mst likely pay attentin t?
A．Turning ff the machine.
B．Typing wrds n a keybard.
C．Surfing quickly between webpages.
D．Mving ne’s head frm side t side.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第二段第三句It’s nt interested in the big mvements needed t use the machine—like mving a muse r tuching a screen—but small, barely nticeable mvements like clsing yur eyes, mving in yur seat r rubbing yur face.可推知，这项技术会注意到一个人头部的移动。故选D。
4．Hw will the new technlgy help educatin, accrding t Witchel?
A．By reducing teachers’ wrklad.
B．By maintaining students’ learning interest.
C．By reprting students’ misbehavir in class.
D．By making learning mre like a cmputer game.
B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第一句The scientist says that by measuring the students’ interest level as they wrk, educatrs will be able t adjust their materials in real－time t keep students fcused.可知，这种新技术可以帮助学生维持他们的学习兴趣。故选B。
B
(2017·河南实验中学模拟)The plice in Taiwan are unable t judge whether t treat it as an extremely clever act f stealing r an even cleverer cheat. Either way, it culd be the perfect crime, because the criminals are birds—hming pigens!
The crime begins with a telephne message t the wner f a stlen car: If yu want the car back, pay up. Then, the car wner is directed t a park, tld where t find a bird cage and hw t attach mney t the neck f the pigen inside. Carrying the mney in a tiny bag, the pigen flies ff.
There have been at least fur such pigen pick－ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the wrk f a clever stay－at－hme car thief, hwever, may in fact be the wrk f an even lazier and mre inventive criminal mind—ne that avids nt nly cllecting mney but als ging ut t steal the car in the first place. Plice fficer Chen says that the criminal prbably has pulled a duble trick: He gets mney fr things he cannt pssibly return. Instead f stealing cars, he lets smene else d it and then waits fr the car－wner t place an ad in the newspaper asking fr help.
The thery is supprted by the fact that, s far, nne f the stlen cars have been returned. Als, the amunt f mney demanded—under 3，000 Taiwan dllars—seems t little fr a car wrth many times mre.
Demands fr pigen－delivered mney stpped as sn as the press reprted the stry. And even if they start again, Chen hlds little hpe f catching the criminal. “We have mre imprtant things t d，” he said.
[解题导语] 本文介绍了一种新型的犯罪行为。台湾的警察无法断定这到底是聪明的盗窃行为还是更加聪明的诈骗行为，因为罪犯是信鸽。
5．After the car－wner received a phne call, he________．
A．went t a certain pigen and put sme mney in the bag it carried
B．gave the mney t the thief and had his car back in a park
C．sent sme mney t the thief by mail
D．tld the press abut it
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then, the car wner is directed t a park, tld where t find a bird cage and hw t attach mney t the neck f the pigen inside.可知，车主接到电话后，他会被指示去某个公园找到鸟笼，把钱系到鸟笼内鸽子的脖子上。故选A项。
6．The writer mentins the fact that “nne f the stlen cars have been returned” t shw________．
A．hw easily peple get fled by criminals
B．what Chen thinks might be crrect
C．the thief is extremely clever
D．the mney paid is t little
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的He gets mney fr things he cannt pssibly return.可知，警察认为那些丢车的人根本不可能拿回他的车。故选B项。
7．The underlined wrd “they” in the last paragraph refers t____________．
A．criminals B．pigens
C．the stlen cars D．demands fr mney
D 解析：词义猜测题。上文提到一旦报纸报道了这件事，这样的事情就没有了。由此可知they就是指代上文提到的Demands fr pigen－delivered mney。故选D项。
8．We may infer that the criminal knws hw t reach the car－wners because____________．
A．he reads the ads in the newspaper
B．he lives in the same neighbrhd
C．he has seen the car－wners in the park
D．he has trained the pigens t fllw them
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句．.. waits fr the car－wner t place an ad in the newspaper asking fr help.可知，罪犯看了报纸上的广告然后找到丢车的人。故选A项。
C
(2017·山西省际名校联考)This time last year I entered tw lngdistance massparticipatin swimming events, including the Jubilee River 10 km swim.At the last minute, just befre bth swims, I decided t pull ut.The reality is, I live in fear f cming last.
Last year, befre the tw events, I realized that I culdn’t deal with cming last.I had lked at the swim times f thse wh had cmpleted the previus year and calculated that, at my current swim pace, I wuld prbably have cme last in bth.I just culdn’t face it.But when next year came arund, I decided t enter thse same events again.
Fr a few mnths, I trained hard, but I didn’t get any faster.Then it was June 5, the day f the Jubilee River 10 km.The event started at 9：30 a．m., and the swimmers were anxius and eager t start.As I swam alng, the river was quiet and clean and everything was peaceful.The sun shne. Meadws(草地) rlled by and every nw and then smene wuld wave at the scene unflding in the water.
As the day wre n, smehw I didn’t mind that, predictably, almst everyne was ahead.There were at least sme swimmers still near me, and althugh we shared the same river we quietly ccupied ur wn spaces.As I cncentrated n ding my wn thing, watching the sky, the bank, the ther swimming caps passing r nt passing, I realized I was enjying myself.
In the end, fur hurs and 29 minutes after I’d started, I staggered(摇摇晃晃地走) ut f the water and was greeted with a smile and a “well dne” frm the race rganizer.I glanced back ver my shulder tward the water and nticed that there were a small handful f swimmers wh were still t finish, behind me, ut f a field f arund 300 swimmers.But it didn’t matter.I__was__just__relieved,__prud__and__happy__t__finish.
As I drve away, my thughts turned t my next lng race f the seasn and hw much I was lking frward t it, my fears f cming last gently receding(渐渐远去)．
[解题导语] 作者参加10公里游泳比赛，把名次看得不重要，而是享受比赛的过程。
9．The authr intended t quit swimming mainly because ________．
A．she feared that she culdn’t finish the tw races
B．she was afraid that she wuld let family members dwn
C．she was unwilling t accept the pssibility f finishing last
D．she wasn’t fully prepared fr the tw races
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的At the last minute, just befre bth swims, I decided t pull ut.The reality is, I live in fear f cming last.可知，是因为她不愿意接受最后一次完成的可能性。故选C。
10．The authr hpes t cnvey the message that ________．
A．never give up when facing challenges
B．it is prcess that matters mst
C．failure is the mther f success
D．winners always take it all
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的As I cncentrated n ding my wn thing, watching the sky, the bank, the ther swimming caps passing r nt passing, I realized I was enjying myself.可知，作者享受比赛的过程。故选B。
11．What des the underlined sentence mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．She tk pride in leaving all the ther swimmers behind.
B．She was prud that she was nt the last ne in the race.
C．She was glad t finish the race and had a sense f relief.
D．She was prud t be praised by the rganizer.
C 解析：句意猜测题。根据第五段中的I glanced back ver my shulder tward the water and nticed that there were a small handful f swimmers wh were still t finish, behind me, ut f a field f arund 300 swimmers.But it didn’t matter.可知，成绩虽然不理想，但是作者认为并不重要，可知，作者很高兴完成比赛，有一种欣慰感。故选C。
12．It can be inferred frm the end that the authr is likely t ________．
A．participate in anther race withut any hesitatin
B．analyze the reasn why she failed in the race
C．lse cnfidence cmpletely
D．decide whether she is suitable fr the race
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的As I drve fears f cming last gently receding(渐渐远去)．可知，作者会毫不犹豫地参加另一次比赛，因为她在享受比赛。故选A。