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2018届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练：四 模块1 Unit 4 Earthquakes Word版含解析
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这是一份2018届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练：四 模块1 Unit 4 Earthquakes Word版含解析，共8页。
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.【2017北京卷】The little prblems ______ we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】A. that 那个 B. as 因为 C. where 哪里 D. when 什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是prblems，用that。
2.【2017江苏卷】 In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f _______ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
A. which B. it’s C. whse D. whm
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the Wrld Fd Prgramme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whse定语从句中作定语，这里限定purpses，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
3.【2017天津卷】My eldest sn, _______ wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
A. that B. whse C. his D. wh
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的最大的儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my ldest sn，根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定于，在定语从句中只有引导词whse修饰名词作定语，意为：…的…。故选B。
4.【2016北京卷】I live next dr t a cuple ________ children ften make a lt f nise.
A. whse B. why C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a cuple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和cuple是所属关系，故用whse作定语，whse children相当于the children f whm，故选A。
5.【2016浙江卷】Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears , nne f ______ has been prved.
A. whm B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家们已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theries，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。
6.【2016天津卷】We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
7.【2015北京卷】Oppsite is St.Paul's Church,___yu can hear sme lvely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。
8.【2015重庆卷】He wrte many children’ s bks, nearly half f____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whm B. which C. them D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many yung peple，关系代词whm指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词f的宾语。故C项正确。
9.【2015天津卷】The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere ______ his emplyees enjy their wrk.
A. where B. which C. whenD. wh
【答案】A
【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmsphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
10.【2015四川卷】The bks n the desk, cvers are shiny, are prizes fr us.
A．which B. what C. whse D. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the bks，和cvers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
11. 【2015陕西卷】As the smallest child f his family, Alex is always lnging fr the time he shuld be able t be independent.
A. which B. where C. whm D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
12.【2015江苏卷】The number f smkers, _____ is reprted, has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number f smkers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number f smkers has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reprted这一常用结构，类似的还有as is knwn/expected/planned/mentined/said等。
13.【2015安徽卷】Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn______ schl educatin depends.
A. it B. that C. whse D. which
【答案】D
【解析】句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whse作定语，其后需有名词；depend n/upn 依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whm来构成定语从句的引导词，故选D。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A
【2017晋冀豫百校联盟质检】Hming pigens __14__ (be) a cmmn message delivery tl befre the digital revlutin. Tday, their skills remain __15__ (imprtance) in situatins that limit digital and physical cmmunicatin. Training the pigens is simple but requires time, __16__ (devte) and prper care.
Remve the pigens frm the place where yu keep them and use a cage __17__ (carry) them a mile away. Release the pigens and they will return hme. D this several times in a week fr practice. Gradually increase the range, __18__ yu will gain mre cnfidence.
The hming pigen is trained n either ne r tw lcatins __19__ (use) fd and water rewards. Yu can either use the hme base lcatin as the single rute return fr messages r create a rute between tw set __20__ (place). Fr a twway flight rute, remve the fd frm the base. Take the pigen by hand t the secnd lcatin and prvide feed. Repeat this prcess until the pigen flies between the tw lcatins __21__ (independent)．
Messages are carried with small backpacks. Backpacks use fabric (织物), __22__ is light and easy t design but water and bad weather are likely t d damage __23__ many materials. Small tubes prvide safe enclsures (附件) fr ntes and supplies.
【语篇解读】当下信鸽传递信息仍然十分重要，文章介绍了训练信鸽的具体方法和步骤。
【答案】
14.were 15.imprtant 16.devtin 17.t carry 18.and
19.using 20.places 21.independently 22.which 23.t d damage t
【解析】
14．were 根据后文的“befre the digital revlutin ...”可知此处应为一般过去时，且主语hming pigens是可数名词复数，故此处填were。
15．imprtant remain是连系动词，意为“继续存在，依然是”，其后应用形容词作表语，故填imprtant。
16． devtin 此处time, ________ and prper care三者并列作requires的宾语，故用devte的名词形式devtin。
17．t carry use sth. t d sth.意为“用某物做某事”，设空处作目的状语，故应用不定式。答案为t carry。
18．and 根据前文的increase the range和后文的yu will gain ...可知，此处为“祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句”句型；根据句意“逐渐地增加里程你就会更有自信”可知，此处应为顺承关系，故填and。
19．using 句意为：通过使用奖励食物和水的方式在一个或两个地方来训练信鸽。using fd and water rewards为现在分词作本句的方式状语，故填using。
20．places 根据空格前tw set且place为可数名词，可知此处应为places。tw set places意为“两个固定的地方”。
21．independently 分析句式结构可知，设空处修饰动词flies，应用副词形式，故填independently。
22．which 根据空格前方的逗号，分析整个句子，可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为fabric，指物，故填which。
23．t d damage t ...为固定短语，意为“对……造成损害”。故填t。
B
【2017全国卷Ⅰ】There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry twards lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) 24.________ a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 25.________ (effect) such as verweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 26.________ (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 27.________ (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething. As 28.________ result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 29.________ (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd 30.________ (be) full f fat and salt; by 31.________ (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 32.________ (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 33.________ is nt gd fr the health.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
【答案】
24. as 25. effects 26. t prcess 27. are remved 28. a
29. wrse 30. is 31. eating 32. careful 33. which
【解析】
24. as 考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。
25. effects 考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的sme可知副作用有很多，故填effects。
26. t prcess 考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。require表示“要求”，require t d sth.表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required t d sth.表示“被要求做某事”。故填t prcess。
27. are remved 考查被动语态。此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。分析可知fat，salt和remve之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are remved。
28. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
29. wrse 考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填wrse。
30. is 考查主谓一致。fast fd的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
31. eating 考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
32. careful 考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
33. which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is nt gd fr the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的t have t much f bth，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
C
【2017全国卷Ⅱ】In 1863 the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn. It ran fr just under seven kilmetres and allwed peple t avid terrible 34.________ (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and 35.________ wrk. It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, 36.________ (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver 37.________ tp. When all thse had been dne, the rad surface was replaced.
Steam engines 38.________ (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been 39.________ (fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25，000 peple were using 40.________ every day.
Later, engineers 41.________ (manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道), which became knwn as the Tube. This develpment was nly pssible with the 42.________ (intrduce) f electricpwered engines and lifts. The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst 43.________ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
【答案】
34. crwds 35. frm 36. laying 37. the 38. were used
39. fairly 40. it 41. managed 42. intrductin 43. successful
【解析】
34. crwds 考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crwds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
35. frm 考查介词。与前面的介词t一起来表示上下班（t and frm wrk）。
36. laying 考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。
37. the 考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。
38. were used 考查动词语态。蒸汽机（注意复数名词形式）被用来作为火车动力。
39. fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词。
40. it 考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。
41. managed 考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。
42. intrductin 考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词f，故只能用intrductin。
43. successful 考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词f结构，故只能用形容词。
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.【2017北京卷】The little prblems ______ we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】A. that 那个 B. as 因为 C. where 哪里 D. when 什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是prblems，用that。
2.【2017江苏卷】 In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f _______ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
A. which B. it’s C. whse D. whm
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the Wrld Fd Prgramme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whse定语从句中作定语，这里限定purpses，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
3.【2017天津卷】My eldest sn, _______ wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
A. that B. whse C. his D. wh
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的最大的儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my ldest sn，根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定于，在定语从句中只有引导词whse修饰名词作定语，意为：…的…。故选B。
4.【2016北京卷】I live next dr t a cuple ________ children ften make a lt f nise.
A. whse B. why C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a cuple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和cuple是所属关系，故用whse作定语，whse children相当于the children f whm，故选A。
5.【2016浙江卷】Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears , nne f ______ has been prved.
A. whm B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家们已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theries，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。
6.【2016天津卷】We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
7.【2015北京卷】Oppsite is St.Paul's Church,___yu can hear sme lvely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。
8.【2015重庆卷】He wrte many children’ s bks, nearly half f____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whm B. which C. them D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many yung peple，关系代词whm指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词f的宾语。故C项正确。
9.【2015天津卷】The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere ______ his emplyees enjy their wrk.
A. where B. which C. whenD. wh
【答案】A
【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmsphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
10.【2015四川卷】The bks n the desk, cvers are shiny, are prizes fr us.
A．which B. what C. whse D. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the bks，和cvers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
11. 【2015陕西卷】As the smallest child f his family, Alex is always lnging fr the time he shuld be able t be independent.
A. which B. where C. whm D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
12.【2015江苏卷】The number f smkers, _____ is reprted, has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number f smkers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number f smkers has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reprted这一常用结构，类似的还有as is knwn/expected/planned/mentined/said等。
13.【2015安徽卷】Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn______ schl educatin depends.
A. it B. that C. whse D. which
【答案】D
【解析】句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whse作定语，其后需有名词；depend n/upn 依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whm来构成定语从句的引导词，故选D。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A
【2017晋冀豫百校联盟质检】Hming pigens __14__ (be) a cmmn message delivery tl befre the digital revlutin. Tday, their skills remain __15__ (imprtance) in situatins that limit digital and physical cmmunicatin. Training the pigens is simple but requires time, __16__ (devte) and prper care.
Remve the pigens frm the place where yu keep them and use a cage __17__ (carry) them a mile away. Release the pigens and they will return hme. D this several times in a week fr practice. Gradually increase the range, __18__ yu will gain mre cnfidence.
The hming pigen is trained n either ne r tw lcatins __19__ (use) fd and water rewards. Yu can either use the hme base lcatin as the single rute return fr messages r create a rute between tw set __20__ (place). Fr a twway flight rute, remve the fd frm the base. Take the pigen by hand t the secnd lcatin and prvide feed. Repeat this prcess until the pigen flies between the tw lcatins __21__ (independent)．
Messages are carried with small backpacks. Backpacks use fabric (织物), __22__ is light and easy t design but water and bad weather are likely t d damage __23__ many materials. Small tubes prvide safe enclsures (附件) fr ntes and supplies.
【语篇解读】当下信鸽传递信息仍然十分重要，文章介绍了训练信鸽的具体方法和步骤。
【答案】
14.were 15.imprtant 16.devtin 17.t carry 18.and
19.using 20.places 21.independently 22.which 23.t d damage t
【解析】
14．were 根据后文的“befre the digital revlutin ...”可知此处应为一般过去时，且主语hming pigens是可数名词复数，故此处填were。
15．imprtant remain是连系动词，意为“继续存在，依然是”，其后应用形容词作表语，故填imprtant。
16． devtin 此处time, ________ and prper care三者并列作requires的宾语，故用devte的名词形式devtin。
17．t carry use sth. t d sth.意为“用某物做某事”，设空处作目的状语，故应用不定式。答案为t carry。
18．and 根据前文的increase the range和后文的yu will gain ...可知，此处为“祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句”句型；根据句意“逐渐地增加里程你就会更有自信”可知，此处应为顺承关系，故填and。
19．using 句意为：通过使用奖励食物和水的方式在一个或两个地方来训练信鸽。using fd and water rewards为现在分词作本句的方式状语，故填using。
20．places 根据空格前tw set且place为可数名词，可知此处应为places。tw set places意为“两个固定的地方”。
21．independently 分析句式结构可知，设空处修饰动词flies，应用副词形式，故填independently。
22．which 根据空格前方的逗号，分析整个句子，可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为fabric，指物，故填which。
23．t d damage t ...为固定短语，意为“对……造成损害”。故填t。
B
【2017全国卷Ⅰ】There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry twards lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) 24.________ a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 25.________ (effect) such as verweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 26.________ (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 27.________ (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething. As 28.________ result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 29.________ (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd 30.________ (be) full f fat and salt; by 31.________ (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 32.________ (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 33.________ is nt gd fr the health.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
【答案】
24. as 25. effects 26. t prcess 27. are remved 28. a
29. wrse 30. is 31. eating 32. careful 33. which
【解析】
24. as 考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。
25. effects 考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的sme可知副作用有很多，故填effects。
26. t prcess 考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。require表示“要求”，require t d sth.表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required t d sth.表示“被要求做某事”。故填t prcess。
27. are remved 考查被动语态。此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。分析可知fat，salt和remve之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are remved。
28. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
29. wrse 考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填wrse。
30. is 考查主谓一致。fast fd的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
31. eating 考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
32. careful 考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
33. which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is nt gd fr the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的t have t much f bth，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
C
【2017全国卷Ⅱ】In 1863 the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn. It ran fr just under seven kilmetres and allwed peple t avid terrible 34.________ (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and 35.________ wrk. It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, 36.________ (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver 37.________ tp. When all thse had been dne, the rad surface was replaced.
Steam engines 38.________ (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been 39.________ (fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25，000 peple were using 40.________ every day.
Later, engineers 41.________ (manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道), which became knwn as the Tube. This develpment was nly pssible with the 42.________ (intrduce) f electricpwered engines and lifts. The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst 43.________ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
【答案】
34. crwds 35. frm 36. laying 37. the 38. were used
39. fairly 40. it 41. managed 42. intrductin 43. successful
【解析】
34. crwds 考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crwds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
35. frm 考查介词。与前面的介词t一起来表示上下班（t and frm wrk）。
36. laying 考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。
37. the 考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。
38. were used 考查动词语态。蒸汽机（注意复数名词形式）被用来作为火车动力。
39. fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词。
40. it 考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。
41. managed 考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。
42. intrductin 考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词f，故只能用intrductin。
43. successful 考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词f结构，故只能用形容词。
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