2018版高考英语二轮专题复习突破讲义：专题四语法填空 Word版含答案

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这是一份2018版高考英语二轮专题复习突破讲义：专题四语法填空 Word版含答案，共40页。教案主要包含了从题型特点上研透高考，从解题技法上破解高考，形容词，关系代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

语法填空真题检测(一)　2017年6月浙江高考
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small __56__ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a __57__ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed __58__ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt __59__ (I)，” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years __60__ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring __61__ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband __62__ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got __63__ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, __64__ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was __65__ wonder.

56．carrots　考查名词复数。根据空前的“a handful of”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。
57．shiny/shining　考查形容词。根据空格前的“a”及空格后的名词“object”可知，此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，故填shiny或shining。
58．so　考查副词。Pahlsson的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是so ... that ... 结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。
59．myself　考查代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myself。
60．earlier　考查副词的比较级。此处表示“16年前”，故填earlier“……之前，先前”。
61．to cook　考查不定式。此处动词不定式表示目的，意为“去掉戒指以做饭”，故填to cook。
62．searched　考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知，此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，故填searched。
63．swept　考查过去分词。根据空格前的“got”及语境可知，此处应填sweep的过去分词形式swept，意为“被扫进”。
64．where　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the garden”，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。
65．a　考查冠词。此处表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要用不定代词a表泛指。
语法填空真题检测(二)　2016年10月浙江高考
Magic Touch
From my hotel room window, I could see a large advertisement board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.
I absentmindedly turned the __56__ (page) of the phone book and came across a city map.Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets __57__ the hotel to the opera hall. Not more __58__ a halfhour walk, I thought.
I looked __59__ (quick) at the clock. The show starts in one hour; plenty of time! I drank the rest of my coffee and went to take a shower. Soon after, I was on my way to the show, __60__ (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.
The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about __61__ (begin). I made my way backstage just __62__ the great magician was putting on his top hat.
“Daddy, I'm so glad to see you，” I __63__ (whisper). “I'm in town for the writer's class, but I just couldn't miss your show”. I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area, leaving him with a __64__ (surprise) smile. I settled down in the darkness, and the curtains opened.
Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best __65__ (perform) to this day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。看到所住宾馆的外边有身为魔术师的父亲的演出广告，作者来到后台见到了父亲并在台下欣赏了演出。
56．pages　考查名词的数。根据语境可知，此处指翻看电话簿，不止一页，所以用名词复数pages。
57．from　考查介词。此处from与后边的to构成固定搭配，意思是“从……到……”。
58．than　考查固定搭配。not more than意思是“不超过”，符合语境。
59．quickly　考查副词。空格处修饰动词looked，所以应用副词quickly。
60．carrying　考查非谓语动词。空格处是伴随状语，且与逻辑主语I之间存在主谓关系，所以应用carrying。
61．to begin　考查动词不定式。be about to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“正要做某事，即将做某事”。
62．as/when　考查连词。此处应用as或when引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”。
63．whispered　考查动词的时态。此处描述的是作者过去的经历，所以应用一般过去时whispered。
64．surprised　考查形容词。此处表示“带着惊讶的微笑”，应用surprised。surprising表示“令人吃惊的”，不符合语境。
65．performance　考查名词。根据空格前的“the Great Jason's best”可知，此处应用名词形式，表示“这次演出是他迄今为止最好的表演”。

一、从题型特点上研透高考
语法填空旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的语言综合运用能力。其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念。
下面就2017年6月、2016年10月浙江高考以及2017年全国卷Ⅰ的语法填空试题做简单分析：
卷别
体裁
题材
有提示词类题目
无提示词类题目
谓语动词
非谓语动词
词类转换
名词复数
比较等级
代词
连词/固定句式
介词
冠词
2017年6月浙江高考
记叙文
戒指失而复得
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
0
1
2016年10月浙江高考
记叙文
观看父亲的演出
1
2
3
1
0
0
2
1
0
2017年全国卷Ⅰ
说明文
饮食与健康
2
2
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

[语法填空考情分析]
语法填空题充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。
(一)有提示词类
有提示词类题目的考点有：
1．四个必考点：
(1)谓语动词必考一小题，有时会有两小题，涉及动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。常考查一般现在时和一般过去时。
(2)非谓语动词考1～2小题，动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词原则上各考点最多只考一题。
(3)词类转换考1～3小题，其中，形容词变副词经常会考查。
(4)名词的复数形式。
2．两个常考点：比较级和代词it。
(二)无提示词类
无提示词类题目的考点有：
1．一个必考点：连词。
2．两个常考点：冠词、介词。
3．三个可考点：
(1)助动词：构成疑问句或强调谓语动词的do, does, did。
(2)作形式主语和形式宾语的it。
(3)连接性副词：before, ago, however, besides, instead, then, earlier等。
二、从解题技法上破解高考
语法填空题是集知识与能力为一体的综合性题型。在解题时要遵循一定的解题步骤，切忌边读边填、脱离语篇、片面作答。

一
有提示词类题目的解题技巧
1.给出动词原形
当设空处后面给出动词原形时，设空处一般会考查动词的常见时态、常见时态的被动语态或非谓语动词。
(1)考查动词的时态或语态
第一步：分析句子结构，确定句中是否缺少谓语。如果缺少谓语动词，则是考查动词的时态或语态。
[典例]　(2017·6月浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband __62__ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
分析：考查动词的时态。句中缺少谓语，search这一动作发生在过去，因此用一般过去时态。故填searched。
第二步：看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态，同时要注意主谓一致。
[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt __64__ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
分析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。填空处在句中作谓语，根据本句讲述的现状，用一般现在时。主语是“fat and salt”，和removed之间是被动关系，故填are removed。
(2)考查非谓语动词
第一步：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语动词时，应考虑该空考查非谓语动词。
第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，确定用非谓语动词的哪种形式。
第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。
[典例]　(2016·10月浙江高考)Soon after, I was on my way to the show, __60__ (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.
分析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主干为“I was on my way to the show”，设空处不作并列谓语，而是作伴随状语，应考虑用非谓语动词。因I和carry之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词作状语。故填carrying。
2．给出形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，或考查比较等级。如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查比较等级。
[典例1]　(2016·10月浙江高考)I looked __59__ (quick) at the clock.
分析：考查形容词与副词之间的转换。空格处修饰动词looked，所以应用副词形式。故填quickly。
[典例2]　(2017·6月浙江高考)Sixteen years __60__ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.
分析：考查副词的比较级。此处表示“16年前”，故填earlier，表示“……之前，先前”。
3．给出名词
当括号内提供的是名词时，考虑是否需要变成复数形式或变成形容词等。
[典例]　(2017·6月浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small __56__ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
分析：考查名词复数。根据空格前的“a handful of”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。故填carrots。
4．给出代词
根据代词充当的成分进行判断。如果位于宾语或表语位置，一般应该用宾格代词、反身代词或者名词性物主代词；如果作定语，常用形容词性物主代词。总之，正确分析句子成分是解决此类题目的关键。
[典例]　(2017·6月浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt __59__ (I)，” says Pahlsson.
分析：考查反身代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myself。
5．词性转换
词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与名词间的相互转化，形容词与动词间的相互转化，动词与名词间的相互转化等。
第一步：分析句子结构，确定要填的词充当哪种句子成分。比如，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语，用名词；在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。
第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。
[典例]　(2016·10月浙江高考)Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best __65__ (perform) to this day.
分析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的“the Great Jason's best”可知，此处应用名词形式，表示“这次演出是他迄今为止最好的表演”。故填performance。
二
无提示词类题目的解题技巧
无提示词类题目主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。
另外可根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词分成形容词性以及名词性代词、指示或者不定代词等。在运用介词的时候，往往考查固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。
1．填介词
名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一定是填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night, on Sunday 等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in，be good at 等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to, arrive at, look for 等。
[典例]　(2016·10月浙江高考)Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets __57__ the hotel to the opera hall.
分析：此处from与后边的to构成固定搭配，意思是“从……到……”。故填from。
2．填冠词
名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词等)，很可能是填冠词。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。
[典例]　(2017·6月浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was __65__ wonder.
分析：考查冠词。此处表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
3．填代词
缺少主语或宾语，一定填代词。所填代词主要是人称代词及作形式主语或宾语的it。
[典例]　(2014·辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let __65__ stay in the air for seconds.
分析：由let可知，空处作宾语，结合句意可知，此处应用代词指代前面的your leg，故填it。
4．填连词或关系词
(1)若两个或两个以上的单词或短语之间没有连词，必定是填连接词。主要的连词有表示并列关系的and和表示选择关系的or等。

[典例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __41__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
分析：分析句子结构可知，China, Japan, Korea与Vietnam是并列关系，故填and。
(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词或关系词，否则，句子结构就不完整。
①并列句：并列句一般由“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”构成，有时并列连词前有逗号，可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词，如并列关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。
[典例]　(2016·四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby, __70__ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
分析：句意：是它要再生一个新宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫该独立的时候了。根据句意可知两个分句之间为并列关系，故用and。
②状语从句：当确定为状语从句后，就要通过语境理解，判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。
[典例]　(2016·10月浙江高考)I made my way backstage just __62__ the great magician was putting on his top hat.
分析：考查连词。根据逻辑关系可知，此处是状语从句的连词，根据意义可以是“当……时候”。故填as/when。
③名词性从句：当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom或which；如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的则考虑if/whether, where, why, how, because等。
[典例]　(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __50__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
分析：考查宾语从句的引导词。“__50__ thick the adobe walls needed to be”是宾语从句，作figured out的宾语。修饰形容词thick应填连接副词，故填how。
④定语从句：当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他；然后判断引导词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。
[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, __44__ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词Sarah，且从句中缺少主语，故填who。

共设计3套基础检测，按考点分类练习，以单句语法填空的形式呈现，练中打牢语法基础——基稳才能楼高！
有提示词基础练(一)——动词(时态、语态，非谓语动词)
一、动词的时态、语态
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah has_been_told/was_told (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were (be) too violent for use at the table.
3．—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I am_filling (fill) in an application form for a new job.
4．I have_read (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
5．—Did you have difficulty finding Li Ping's house?
—Not really. She had_given (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
6．He promised that he would_come (come), but he hasn't arrived until now.
7．—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I will_call (call) him later.
8．The water felt (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
9．He was_looking (look) for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.
10．After everything was_done (do) and just after he left the barber's, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair.
11．May I have your attention, please? Now I'd like to make a speech here. As we know, waste has_become (become) a common scene on campus recently.
12．By next Thursday, they will_have_completed (complete) the construction of the new school.
13．Hurry up! We need to get to the top of the mountain before the sun sinks (sink) in the west.
14．It took a long time but eventually the dog stopped (stop) barking and the man was able to touch it.
15．It is the third time so far that such a meeting has_been_held (hold) in my hometown.
16．The results of the final examination will_be_made (make) known to the students soon.
17．I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike caught (catch) my attention.
18．Pollution is a serious problem, which calls (call) for our great concern.
19．This will help a lot if your passport is_stolen (steal)．
20．Close the door of fear behind you, and you will_see (see) the door of faith open before you.
二、非谓语动词
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely to_bring (bring) your work home.
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.
4．(2016·四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to_eat (eat)!
5．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.
6．This land was difficult to_farm (farm) but now water has been pumped into the fields.
7．Having_built (build) the bridge, the workers moved to another city.
8．More highways have been built in China, making (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
9．Faced (face) with the difficult situation, he took courage and overcame it at last.
10．We were astonished to_find (find) the temple still in its original condition.
11．Lang Ping is the first person in volleyball history to_win (win) gold as both a player and a head coach in the Olympic Games.
12．All the factors considered, we decided to_offer (offer) the job to Li Wei, a man of rich experience.
13．He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.
14．Inspired (inspire) by the spirit of the spider, the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully.
15．Keep the injured with his head held (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency.
16．Every morning I get up at 6：00 because I have two dogs waiting (wait) at the door for me to take them out for the routine walk.
17．Though surprised (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
18．Group activities will be organized after class to_help (help) children develop team spirit.
19．After being_painted (paint), the house will be used for a nursery.
20．Scientists have discovered that staying (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.
21．If you hand in your homework late, attach a note explaining (explain) the reason for the delay.
22．Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when choosing (choose) where and what to eat.
23．The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
24．At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself noticed (notice)．
25．When a child grows up, he can no longer expect others to_pay (pay) for his food, clothes and many other things.
　有提示词基础练(二)——名词单复数和主谓一致，词性转换，形容词、
副词的比较等级
一、名词单复数和主谓一致
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
2．(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
3．In the rush hour, there were so many cars and buses (bus) on the road, so I was stuck.
4．Yesterday the firemen (fireman) examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire.
5．Every country shares things in common: we value family, cherish health, and celebrate large festivals (festival)．
6．Mary, as well as her sisters, is_studying (study) Chinese in China now.
7．The total number of the population in China is (be) about 1,400 million.
8．Two fifths of the land in that district is (be) covered with trees and grass.
9．I, who am (be) your best friend, will surely stand on your side.
10．Many a boy in my school is (be) fond of playing football after school.
11．The finalterm examinations are coming and each boy and each girl is_looking (look) forward to the coming holiday.
12．Exercise 1 should be done in class as an example, while the rest are (be) to be finished as homework.
13．A perfect gift with many flowers has_been_sent (send) to the beautiful girl, so she is very happy now.
14．The writer and teacher Smith has_gone (go) through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
15．No one in the department but Tom and I knows (know) that the director is going to resign.
二、词性转换
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the introduction (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly (regular)．
4．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The river was so polluted that it actually (actual) caught fire and burned.
5．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly (sudden) became friendly to one another.
6．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)．
7．The explanations (explain) were simple but very unusual.
8．Several days later, out of my expectation (expect), I saw it quietly stand in a corner of the house where I worked. I was extremely glad to regain it.
9．The protection (protect) and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects all the people and economic development throughout the world.
10．In the past few years Lucy has formed the habit of keeping a supply of candles in case of a power failure (fail)．
11．I love children very much because I always feel that they bring great happiness and excitement (excite) to my life.
12．Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth (warm)．
13．Without hesitation (hesitate), I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
14．It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pronunciation (pronounce)．
15．It is natural (nature) that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with the strangers.
16．Today's experience taught me some valuable (value) lessons in my life.
17．Obviously (obvious), the story is not true, but the festival is interesting.
18．Thankfully (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
19．My application was successful and I spent a(n) enjoyable (enjoy) month learning filmmaking.
20．People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is useless (use)．
三、形容词、副词的比较等级
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even worse (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
2．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever.
3．(2014·辽宁高考)The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.
4．Exercise can help you lose more weight and look better (good)．
5．But that didn't prevent the boy from becoming one of the greatest (great) composers of all time.
6．I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are more_meaningful (meaningful) things to do.
7．We felt safe for the next halfhour so we decided to go even farther/further (far)．
8．Of the two boys, Jim is the younger (young) one, and he is also the one who loves to be noisy.
9．Uber said its flying vehicles would be much quieter (quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.
10．Keeping a diary in English is one of the most_effective (effective) ways to improve our English writing ability.
无提示词基础练——冠词、代词、介词，关系代词、关系副词和连词
一、冠词
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum — she never suspects.
3．(2015·广东高考)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.
4．It is a great pleasure for me to give a speech on the nature of human beings.
5．—Making a lecture in public is the last thing I want to do.
—Just have a try. I am sure you can make it.
6．Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life.
7．After a short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad.
8．He tapped her on the shoulder, “Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time！”
9．We encourage people to take buses and the metro instead of driving. Cycling is also a good way to reduce pollution.
10．First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get a second chance to make first impressions.
11．A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.The water was sweet.
12．While running in the park, I heard someone playing the violin, which drew my attention.
13．—Excuse me, is there a Mr. Taylor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.
—Sorry, but there is no such person here.
14．The education of the young is always a serious topic.
15．It is out of the question that you can get a rise if you don't work hard.
16．—Have you listened to the weather forecast, Linda?
—Yes. It says that there will be a heavy rain this weekend.
17．When you meet a new word, look it up in your dictionary.
18．He became one of the most popular stars of American television.
19．Most seriously, relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as making new friends in the real world.
20．The first time I stood in front of a large group of students to give a speech, I felt a little nervous.
二、代词
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
2．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
3．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others,_knives and forks.
4．—Are you going to get your own car after the test?
—My parents have said they'll get one for me.
5．However, his fame was not accompanied by money and he found it necessary to return to farming.
6．For one thing, it can provide a colorful platform to show their talent. For another,_it is a useful way to release their pressure.
7．Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.
8．—How many students are there in the classroom now?
—None. I have locked it.
9．When he came to life, he found himself lying on the ground, bleeding in the head.
10．Meeting my favorite football star face to face was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.
11．You can never meet the needs of every customer. Some may prefer light colors while others enjoy dark ones.
12．New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
13．—Is he leaving tomorrow?
—No. He'll continue to stay here for another four or five days.
14．Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils.
15．We can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors.However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with them as well as possible.
三、介词
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.
4．(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.
6．(2015·广东高考)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.
7．The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.
8．It's obvious that the new manager is rich in experience.
9．My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.
10．Our office wasn't far from Chinatown, where I found some very good Chinese restaurants.
11．White fat stores extra energy, which results in weight gain.
12．I had to give this speech from my memory and in front of such a big audience!
13．It saves a lot of time in the kitchen to have things you use within easy reach.
14．He is no fool at all, and in fact, he is the smartest boy I have ever seen.
15．It's time for you to change your attitude towards/to women now, Tom. They hold up half the sky, you know.
16．The villagers collected money to set up a monument in memory of those who died in the great earthquake.
17．The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will in time.
18．He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects.
19．The girl in a red dress is my sister, and the red dress looks beautiful on her.
20．On the morning of my mother's birthday, I usually help my mother do some housework.
四、关系代词、关系副词和连词
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, as/when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
4．(2016·四川高考)The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. When/If it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
5．(2015·广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.
6．My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.
7．The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.
8．Please put the letter in the place where he can easily find it.
9．As most people know, Fujian is famous for tea.
10．The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.
11．The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
12．That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.
13．Who will be in charge of the project hasn't been decided yet.
14．I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the gettogether.
15．—Did Jenny return early last night?
—Exactly. It was not yet nine o'clock when she arrived home.
16．Many young people, most of whom were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
17．We'll reach the sales targets in a month that/which we set at the beginning of the year.
18．Sometimes your appearance is a mirror, which reflects your quality in a way.
19．Though/Although the doctor has warned him of the side effects of the medicine, he still takes it every day.
20．However hard you try, it is very difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.

共设4套专题训练，为使学生灵活利用课堂及课下时间，每套训练分两组试题，各占一页。连堂课，则两组合练；单堂课，则分组单练。
语法填空模拟检测(一)——第Ⅰ组(记叙文)
(共3篇，限时35分钟)
A
When the fire alarm woke her up at 6：50 a．m., Cloe Woods immediately took action. __1__ 5yearold girl jumped out of bed and found herself __2__ (surround) with heavy smoke. Remembering __3__ she'd learned on a school field trip to the local fire department in Kenner, Louisiana, she went to wake up her blind grandmother, Claudia Arceneaux, 76, who had lost her sight nine __4__ (month) earlier.
Cloe told her grandmother to hold her shoulder as they walked out of their home. Once outside, she started looking for water, __5__ (think) she could put the fire out herself.
The fire was eventually put out. A firefighter praised Cloe for her __6__ (brave)．
“Cloe is ahead of my time，” Shone Arceneaux, Cloe's mom, said __7__ (proud). “Who knows what could have happened __8__ it hadn't been for Cloe? Of course, we owe great thanks __9__ Cloe's school for providing Cloe with the chance to learn about fire safety.”
The family is now at a hotel while the house __10__ (repair). Meanwhile, Cloe's school is raising money to help the family recover.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名年仅5岁的小女孩在大火中勇敢地救出了失明奶奶的故事。
1．The　此处用定冠词，特指Cloe Woods。
2．surrounded　surround与herself之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作宾语补足语。
3．what　“__3__ she'd learned on a school field trip to the local fire department in Kenner, Louisiana”是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
4. months　根据该空前的nine可知，此处应用month的复数形式。
5. thinking　think与逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。
6. bravery　空格中所填单词前有her，需用brave的名词形式。
7．proudly　空格中所填单词在句中修饰动词said，需用proud的副词形式。
8. if　此处表示一个虚拟条件，故填if。
9. to　owe ... to ... 是固定用法，意思是“把……归功于……”。
10．is being repaired　主语house是谓语动词动作repair的承受者，需用被动语态，此处表示正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
B
Have a look at a keyboard — either on your computer or on your cellphone — and you'll notice that it isn't set up alphabetically (按字母顺序地). __1__ (start) in the upper left corner, you won't see ABCDEF. Instead, you'll see QWERTY. What's up __2__ that? Is it an accident? The answer is no! Actually, it was planned that way.
In the 1860s, American __3__ (invent) Christopher Sholes began working on the typewriter. In 1873, he designed __4__ first typewriter, called the Remington Number 1. The keys on early typewriters __5__ (arrange) in alphabetic order, but unfortunately, they jammed easily.
__6__ (settle) the problem, Sholes decided to redesign the keyboard so that the most commonly used __7__ (letter) would be as far apart as possible on the keyboard. He believed that in this way, the jamming problem could be __8__ (successful) avoided. In 1873, Sholes produced the QWERTY keyboard, __9__ quickly became the universal standard. Although several alternative keyboards were designed in the following decades, none of __10__ (they) design proved to be better than the QWERTY layout (安排). Therefore, QWERTY continued to be — and still is — the universal standard keyboard layout.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。我们在使用电脑或智能手机时，经常会用到QWERTY键盘。但你知道QWERTY键盘是如何发明出来的吗？
1. Starting　start与逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
2. with　What's up with ...? 意为“……怎么了？”
3. inventor　Christopher Sholes是美国发明家，故填inventor。
4. the　序数词作定语时其前要加定冠词。
5. were arranged　“The keys on early typewriters”与“arrange”之间是被动关系，且表示过去的动作，故填were arranged。
6．To settle　to settle the problem是不定式短语作目的状语。
7．letters　最常用的字母不止一个，故此处用letter的复数形式。
8．successfully　空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用successful的副词形式。
9．which　根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是“the QWERTY keyboard”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
10．their　此处应用they的形容词性物主代词作定语。
C
I was traveling alone through the UK. To reach __1__ (place) that were off the public transport map, I bought an old car, __2__ cost most of my money. So for the rest of the trip I camped in my car, __3__ (be) too poor to afford my accommodation.
One morning I awoke in my old car on a remote road in the Irish countryside, with a single house __4__ sight. The water in my thermos (保温瓶) had gone cold so I knocked on the door of __5__ house. A woman opened it. I asked her for some hot water. But she wouldn't let me get away with just that! I __6__ (invite) indoors. She asked me to sit at the table and have breakfast with her family. They filled my thermos __7__ I left.
Greatly __8__ (move), I decided to pass the kindness on. The other day I was able to point out a rare parking spot to a young man who had been driving around looking __9__ (increasing) desperate. His grateful smile was the __10__ (huge) reward I needed as I dashed off to catch my train.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者独自一人在英国旅游期间，得到了陌生人的帮助。作者深受感动，也时刻准备着去帮助那些需要帮助的人。
1．places　根据were可知，应用place的复数形式。
2．which　根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是an old car，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
3．being　be与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，故此处用现在分词短语作状语。
4．in　in sight是固定用法，意思是“看得见，在视野之内”。
5．the　特指前面提到的a single house，故此处用the。
6．was invited　作者是被邀请的，故用被动语态；这里描述的是过去发生的一件事，用一般过去时。
7．before　根据语境可知，这户人家给作者的水瓶灌满热水后才让他离开。
8．moved　move与主语I之间是被动关系，故此处填moved。
9．increasingly　空格中所填单词在句中修饰形容词desperate，需用increasing的副词形式。
10．hugest　作者帮助年轻人找到停车场，年轻人报以感激的微笑，作者觉得这是对自己最大的回报。根据语境及该空前的the可知，用huge的最高级形式。
语法填空模拟检测(一)——第Ⅱ组(记叙文)
(共3篇，限时35分钟)
A
Children in Afghanistan have little chance to read quality literature. A teacher named Saber Hosseini is trying his best to make a difference. He has changed his bicycle into a mobile library. Every weekend, Saber rides his bike, __1__ (load) with books, to remote villages.
“I came up with __2__ idea for this project six months ago. I __3__ (start) alone with 200 storybooks for kids. Now we have over 20 volunteers and a __4__ (collect) of about 6,000 books.”
Hosseini said he used bicycles for two reasons. Many volunteers cannot afford cars and most of the villages are only __5__ (access) by bike.
“Many kids, though old enough for the third or fourth grade, haven't learned to read or write, __6__ I don't think should be happening，” said Hosseini. “At first, I chose very simple books, __7__ now some older kids can read more serious books.”
Hosseini does more than __8__ (simple) distribute books to children — he also talks to them about topics like violence and peace. “Once, I told children in a village __9__ (say) no to guns and yes to books，” he said. “Soon the kids gathered up all of their toy guns and handed __10__ (they) over to me. It was the most joyful moment of my life！”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在阿富汗，孩子们没有机会看到高质量的文学著作。一位名叫Saber Hosseini的老师想尽办法要改变这种局面。
1．loaded　be loaded with是习惯搭配，意思是“装载有……”，这里用的是其过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句“which is loaded with ...”。
2．the　特指上文提到的想法，故此处用the。
3．started　Saber Hosseini开始做这件事发生在过去，需用一般过去时。
4．collection　空格中所填单词前面有不定冠词a修饰，且表示“一批物品”的意思，故用collect的名词形式collection。
5．accessible　空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用access的形容词形式。
6．which　根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
7．but　前后分句之间意义上存在转折关系，用but连接。
8．simply　空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用simple的副词形式。
9．to say　tell sb. to do sth. 意为“告诉某人做某事”。
10．them　空格中所填单词在句中作宾语，需用they的宾格形式。
B
Along a long path we came to a deep valley. As I climbed down into the valley, a bird flew off the rock. On looking at the spot __1__ the bird had risen, I saw two eggs. They were the kind that I did not have in my __2__ (collect), so I placed them carefully in my bag.
As we went further down the valley, the sides became even __3__ (steep). The water that rushed down all these small __4__ (valley) in the rainy season had worn the rock as glass. As it was too deep __5__ (climb) down, I handed my gun to one of the men and slid down it. My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down, one on each side of __6__ (I). They quickly gave me the gun __7__ asked me if I had heard the tiger. In fact, I had heard nothing; possibly because of the noise I made while __8__ (slide) down the rock. The men said they __9__ (hear) a tiger growling (虎啸) somewhere nearby, but they __10__ not know from which direction the noise had come.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的探险故事。
1．where　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“spot”，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
2．collection　根据空格前的“my”可知，此处应填所给词的名词形式。故填collection。
3．steeper　根据空格前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级。故填steeper。
4．valleys　根据空格前的“these”可知，此处应填可数名词的复数形式。故填valleys。
5．to climb　too ... to ... 为固定短语，意为“太……以至于不能……”。故填to climb。
6．me　根据空格前的介词“of”可知，此处应填所给代词的宾格形式。故填me。
7．and　空格前的“gave”和空格后的“asked”为并列关系，故用and连接。
8．sliding　根据空格前“the noise I made”可知，此处指“我”正在滑下岩石时发出的响声。分析句子结构可知，空格处为省略句，省略主语 I 及系动词was。故填sliding。
9．had heard　hear的动作发生在“said”之前，应用过去完成时。故填had heard。
10．did　通篇文章都是以过去时为主，所以此处用did not表示否定。故填did。
C
There were many famous presidents in the US. Franklin D. Roosevelt was one of the most famous. He was our 32nd President, but did you know that he was __1__ our 33rd, 34th and 35th President? He was so popular __2__ Americans kept reelecting him because he helped getAmerica out of the Great Depression. __3__ only reason they had to stop was that __4__ (short) after he began his fourth term, he died of a stroke (中风). His __5__ (popular) also came from his warm personality that made people feel __6__ though they knew him personally.
Another little __7__ (know) fact was that his wife, who is believed __8__ (be) the most popular First Lady, was the niece of the former President Theodore Roosevelt.
The most amazing fact of all is that having lost his legs to a disease when he was just 31 years old, Franklin D. Roosevelt __9__ (lead) the country in a wheelchair. It just shows that one can do anything if one puts his or her mind __10__ it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国历史上最著名的总统之一——富兰克林·D·罗斯福的有关情况。
1．also　句意：他是我们的第三十二任总统，但是，你知道他也是我们的第三十三、三十四、三十五任总统吗？根据语境和空格处位于句中可知，应填also。
2．that　so ... that ...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
3．The　the only reason意为“唯一的原因”，符合语境。故填The。注意首字母大写。
4．shortly　句意：他不得不停止(当总统)的唯一原因是他在开始自己的第四个任期以后不久就死于中风。空格处修饰时间状语从句，应用副词。故填short的副词形式shortly。
5．popularity　空格处作句子的主语，同时前面有形容词性物主代词His修饰，应填名词。故填popular的名词形式popularity。
6．as　as though为固定短语，意为“好像”，符合语境。故填as。
7．known　此处应用形容词修饰名词fact。little known意为“鲜为人知的”，符合语境。故填know的形容词形式known。
8．to be　be believed to be是固定用法，意为“被认为是……”。故填to be。
9．led　通读全文可知，富兰克林·D·罗斯福是美国的前总统，他领导美国是发生在过去的事，故应用一般过去时。故填led。
10．to/into　put one's mind to/into sth.为固定短语，意为“专心于某事”。故填to/into。
语法填空模拟检测(二)——第Ⅰ组(记叙文)
(共3篇，限时35分钟)
A
Eileen Taylor had something sweet on her mind in the drivethrough line at Heav'nly Donuts. Just the day before, a stranger ahead of her in line had __1__ (generous) paid for her coffee. “The gesture made such __2__ big difference in my day，” says Eileen. She had recently lost her job as a physician's __3__ (assist), and money was tight. But Eileen __4__ (inspire) to pay the D|S12 bill of the family in the car behind hers. __5__ she didn't know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction. In two and a half hours, fiftyfive drivers paid for the order of the person behind __6__ (they). The doughnut shop's employees __7__ (see) this before. This Heav'nly Donuts, in fact, is known as a special place, the customers of __8__ are considered as the “best in the world”. But, even so, the workers were __9__ (amaze) that the shop had more than doubled its previous record by the end of the day.
Now __10__ (work) as a chemist, Eileen visits Heav'nly Donuts every Saturday morning, picking up a coffee and paying for the order of the customer behind her.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艾琳·泰勒因受到他人启发为她后面的家庭付账而引发的一连串的为后面司机付账的连锁效应的故事。
1．generously　根据语法知识可知，此处应用副词修饰动词paid。故填generously。
2．a　make a difference是固定搭配，意为“有影响”。故填a。
3．assistant　名词所有格后面应用名词，此处表示的是“医师助理”。故填assist的名词形式assistant，意为“助手”。
4．was inspired　根据文章内容可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，表示“艾琳受到别人的启发”。故填was inspired。
5．What　空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中充当动词know的宾语，表示“所……的事”。故填What。注意首字母应大写。
6．them　介词后面应用人称代词的宾格。故填them。
7．had seen　根据句意可知，此处指这个商店的员工以前也见过这种情况。文章描述的事件发生在过去，故此处表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had seen。
8．which　空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Heav'nly Donuts”，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。
9．amazed　此处应指员工们感到很吃惊。空格处修饰人，应用过去分词形式的形容词，表示“感到……的”。故填amazed。
10．working　空格处与句子主语Eileen之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填working。
B
I want to talk about Miss Smith, a history teacher I had at secondary school __1__ I was about 15. Most of the teachers I had were OK, __2__ they gave the feeling that it was just a job. It seemed that Miss Smith really __3__ (love) both history and teaching it.
One of the __4__ (good) things about her lessons was that we didn't always have to study in an ordinary way. For example, rather than write an article for homework, usually we were allowed __5__ (work) with a friend to write an imaginary dialogue between two historical __6__ (figure). Then we could perform it for the class.
I think Miss Smith influenced me in two important ways. Firstly, she made me __7__ (interest) in history. Now I still read books on history and watch TV programs about it when I get the chance. __8__ (second), she showed me how a teacher can use the students' own creativity to help them learn. Instead __9__ just being a kind of audience for lessons, we were involved in __10__ (decide) what happened in the lessons.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者的初中历史老师。这位老师与众不同，总是让课堂充满乐趣，并布置学生喜欢的作业，从而赢得了学生的爱戴。
1．when　根据语境可知，史密斯老师是作者15岁上中学时的一位历史老师；分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导时间状语从句。故填when。
2．but　根据空格前的“were OK”及下文中的“it was just a job”可知，作者的大部分老师都很好，但是他们给人的感觉是教书只是一份工作，空格前后表示转折。故填but。
3．loved　文章总体时态为一般过去时。故填loved。
4．best　“one of ＋ the ＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”意为“……中最……的一个”。根据语境可知，此处指她上课最大的一个优点是不总是用常规的方式教学。故填best。
5．to work　allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to work。
6．figures　根据空格前的“two”可知，此处应用可数名词figure的复数形式。故填figures。
7．interested　“make sb.＋形容词”意为“使某人……”，此处指使作者对历史感兴趣。故填interested。
8．Secondly　根据上文中的“Firstly”可知，此处应填Secondly。注意首字母大写。
9．of　instead of意为“代替，而不是”。故填of。
10．deciding　介词in后接动名词形式。故填deciding。
C
Last year, two days before Christmas, my friends called, telling me their kitchen caught fire, __1__ (destroy) everything in it. I drove to their house, taking all the food that I had. They were so happy to see me, but felt __2__ (embarrass) having nothing to give me in return.
I went home, very upset. __3__ (actual), I was also in a hard place financially and unable to do __4__ (much) for them. I called a friend of __5__ (I) about this, who responded，“These people mean a lot to you and I want to help them.” Since he had never met them, he requested me __6__ (go) to the grocery store, all on him. At the checkout, I noticed him lacking money, so that I had to have some items taken back.
We were walking away __7__ I heard a voice behind me asking the clerk, “How much are those things? I decide to pay for them.” I turned around, __8__ (thank) the kind man and told him everything. He explained that he understood as he had lost his job the year before but now was working again. __9__ tears in our eyes, all of us went away. It was such __10__ wonderful feeling to see folks step up when someone needed help, even a total stranger.

1．destroying　分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；且应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果。故填destroying。
2．embarrassed　feel为感官动词，之后应接形容词作表语，且主语为“They”。故填embarrassed，意为“尴尬的”。
3．Actually　分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰整个句子。故填所给词的副词形式Actually。注意首字母大写。
4．more　根据语境可知，作者在经济上也很困难，不能为他们做更多的事情。此处应用much的比较级形式。故填more。
5．mine　句中“of”是介词，其后需接宾语，且此处意为“我朋友中的一个”。故填I的名词性物主代词mine。
6．to go　request sb. to do sth. 为固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事”。故填to go。
7．when　sb. be doing sth. when ... 为固定句式，意为“某人正要做某事时，突然……”，符合语境。故填when。
8．thanked　根据并列连词“and”可知，空格处与“turned”及“told”为并列谓语，时态应保持一致，应用一般过去时。故填thanked。
9．With　根据语境可知，此处是with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。故填With。注意首字母大写。
10．a　根据“such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.”结构及后面的“wonderful feeling”可知，此处填a。
语法填空模拟检测(二)——第Ⅱ组(记叙文)
(共3篇，限时35分钟)
A
(2017·济南模拟)Last week I took the bus back to Jinan from Qingdao. I __1__ (carry) a big piece of luggage with me and put it beside my leg on the bus. As usual, I closed my eyes and tried to take a rest. Suddenly, I felt someone __2__ (move) my luggage. I opened my eyes and looked up. It was the driver __3__ carried my luggage away, saying “you will be more comfortable if you put the luggage at the front row __4__ no one takes the seat”. As a salesperson, I took these buses many times, and never have I __5__ (meet) such a considerate driver who had cared so much about the passengers before. This simple act touched my soft heart and will always __6__ (keep) in my memory.
I think we have to learn from him and serve our clients much __7__ (well). We have to be more considerate and offer more attentive service to our clients during __8__(they) visit to us. Sometimes one little thing may make people happy or angry __9__ make the clients decide __10__ (do) the business with us or not.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在从青岛返回济南的公共汽车上受到司机细心的照顾并有所感慨的故事。
1．carried　从上文的“Last week”可知，本文讲述的是过去发生的事情。故此处需用carry的过去式carried。
2．moving　feel sb. doing sth.为固定用法，意为“感到某人正在做某事”。
3．who/that　强调句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that ...，如果被强调部分是作主语且表示人的名词时，用that或who都可以，此处“the driver”是被强调的部分。
4．where　分析句子成分可知，“the front row”是表示地点的先行词，空格处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故需用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
5．met　从空格前的never可知，此处是部分倒装句式，句子的时态为现在完成时，助动词have已提前，故此处应用过去分词。
6．be kept　分析句子成分可知，and连接两个并列动作，主语是“This simple act”，该主语与keep之间是被动关系，且由空前的will可知此处需填be kept。
7．better　结合语境可知，作者从这位司机的举动中得出了感悟，要为顾客提供更好的服务。much修饰形容词或副词的比较级形式，well的比较级是better。
8．their　空格后是名词visit，由此可知此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，结合they可知需填their。
9．or/and　结合语境可知，此处表示并列或选择关系。故填or或and。
10．to do　decide to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”。
B
(2017·山西八校第一次联考)The Great Wall was grand, a little rainy at first, but grand all the same. The mist covered the far ends of the wall, __1__ (give) it an almost mysterious feeling. The fog rolled in and out of the high mountains, revealing new parts of the wall as __2__ (quick) as it covered them. I kept on walking, seeing watchtower after watchtower __3__ my way. To my __4__(relieve), many people had decided today was not the best day __5__ (climb) the wall, and I was there with very few people. I walked for __6__ seemed like miles. Then I saw just how long the wall I was standing on stretched for.
It was __7__ (end)! I walked and walked, but after every hill I climbed, there was another long stretch of wall. I eventually came to __8__ long staircase. Later I found out that it __9__ (call) “Chairman Mao's Challenge”. I accepted, and after climbing the hundred plus stairs to the peak, I had to admit that the Great Wall truly lives up to its reputation. So if I __10__ (have) another chance to travel to China, I would never hesitate to visit the Great Wall again.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。长城举世闻名，是中国文化的一张名片。本文讲述了作者登临长城的所见所感。
1．giving　句意：水汽弥漫了长城的远端，赋予它一种近乎神秘的感觉。give与其逻辑主语“The mist”之间为主谓关系，故应用其现在分词形式在句中作结果状语。
2．quickly　句意：云雾在高山上翻腾起伏，长城时隐时现。此处为“as＋形容词/副词＋as ...”结构，在本句中应用副词修饰动词。
3．on/along　句意：我继续行走，沿途看见一个接一个的烽火台。 on/along one's way“沿途”。
4．relief　“to one's＋表示情感的名词”是固定用法，意为“令某人……的是”。relieve的名词是relief，意为“轻松，解脱，宽慰”。
5．to climb　当名词前有the only，the best，the first，the last等修饰语时，其后常跟动词不定式作后置定语。
6．what　句意：我似乎步行了数英里。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。
7．endless　句意：长城是无边无际的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语，故填endless“无止境的，无垠的”。
8．a　句意：我最终来到一个长长的楼梯前。staircase意为“楼梯”时是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故应用不定冠词a表示泛指。
9．was called　it(指代a long staircase)与call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。再结合本文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处也应用一般过去时。
10．had　句意：因此如果我再有机会去中国旅行的话，我一定会毫不犹豫再去参观长城的。根据语境可知，此处表示对与将来事实相反的情况的假设，故应填had。
C
Years ago I worked in a company as a salesman. I spent one fifth of my time in trains or planes. I liked such a life and sometimes I called __1__ (I) “traveler”．
But on a __2__ (freeze) cold morning I got into trouble. I was still in bed __3__ suddenly the phone rang and my manager told me to fly to New York to attend __4__ important meeting. I had to get up and after a quick breakfast I hurried to the airport. It was blowing __5__ (heavy) and the ground was covered with thick snow. The taxi went slowly and I missed the first flight. I had to take the next one, __6__ meant I would wait for nearly five hours in the waiting room. But five hours __7__ (late) we were told there was a bomb in our plane and the police __8__ (look) for it. Another five hours passed and most passengers lost their __9__ (patient). Before we were finally allowed to get on the plane, we had to have our baggage __10__ (examine). At the entrance a young man shouted at the policemen, “If I had a gun in my baggage, I would have shot you two hours ago！”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一个天寒地冻的早晨赶飞机去纽约开会的经历。
1．myself　该句意思是“有时我把自己称为旅行者”，故用I的反身代词。
2．freezing　freezing cold是习惯搭配，意思是“极冷的”。
3．when　when 此处表示“突然；就在这时”。
4．an　an important meeting此处意思是“一次重要会议”。
5．heavily　空格中所填单词在句中修饰动词blowing，故用heavy的副词形式。
6．which　关系代词which指代前面整句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，其中关系代词which在从句中作主语。
7．later　“一段时间＋later”表示“一段时间以后”。
8．were looking　这里说的是“警察正在飞机上搜炸弹”，故用过去进行时。the police作主语时谓语动词用复数。
9．patience　空格中所填单词在句中作lost的宾语，需用patient的名词形式。
10．examined　“have our baggage examined”是“have sth. done”结构，表示“请人或让人做某事”，其中examined是过去分词作宾补。
语法填空模拟检测(三)——第Ⅰ组(说明文)
(共3篇，限时35分钟)
A
Shadow puppetry (木偶表演艺术), also called shadow play, got its start thousands of years ago in China and India. This unique form of storytelling is __1__ oldest type of puppetry in the world.
Shadow puppets are figures that __2__ (place) between a light and a screen. Moving them creates the illusion (假象) of moving pictures on the screen. An experienced puppeteer can make figures appear to walk, talk, fight and dance.
China, India, Indonesia and Turkey have been especially important in the __3__ (develop) of this art form over time. The types of stories __4__(tell) with shadow puppetry vary from country to country. For example, in China, shadow plays are __5__ (usual) based on Chinese folk tales.
Shadow puppets can be made of a wide variety of materials. Today, you might see shadow puppets __6__ are made of paper, plastic, wood or cloth. There's really no end to how creative puppeteers can be when __7__ (make) their puppets.
Shadow puppets are usually constructed from separate __8__ (piece) that are then put together with strings or wires. The strings or wires are usually attached __9__ long sticks that the puppeteer will use __10__ (control) the movement of the puppet.

1．the　形容词最高级前要用定冠词。
2．are placed　that的先行词是figures，与place之间是被动关系，且此处介绍的是一般情况，故填are placed。
3．development　空格中所填单词在句中作in的宾语，且其前有定冠词the，故用develop的名词形式。
4．told　stories与tell之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词。
5．usually　空格中所填单词在句中修饰be动词，需用usual的副词形式。
6．which/that　根据句子结构可知，该空是定语从句的关系词，先行词是shadow puppets，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which或that。
7．making　make与逻辑主语puppeteers之间是主动关系，再根据该空前的when可知，此处用现在分词。
8．pieces　根据谓语动词are可知，此处用piece的复数形式。
9．to　be attached to ... 意为“被固定在……上”。
10．to control　use ... to do ... 意为“用……做……”。
B
We all need help from time to time. When we're very young or very old, we often need help with just about everything. Sometimes that help comes from people __1__ job is to provide certain types of __2__ (assist). Sometimes that help comes from volunteers.
Volunteering has many benefits. Of course, making money is not one of __3__ (they)! If you volunteer to help others, you'll notice that it doesn't really matter that you don't get paid.
The simple smile or “thank you” you receive is enough __4__ (let) you know that your efforts __5__ (appreciate). In addition, volunteering to help others can give you __6__ (value) experience, help you gain new skills, and even lead to __7__ (make) new friends.
Volunteering can also be very educational. Some teachers and communities (团体) have developed __8__ (program) that specifically combine volunteering with educational goals. This unique combination of community service with teaching and learning is known __9__ service learning.
People can also learn the importance of volunteering and how they can make __10__ positive influence on their communities. Besides, communication and leadership skills are developed too.

1．whose　根据句子结构可知，该空是定语从句的关系词，先行词是people，关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。
2．assistance　空格中所填单词在句中作of的宾语，故用assist的名词形式，再根据句意可知，此处要表达“帮助”的意思，故填assistance。
3．them　作介词of的宾语用宾格。
4．to let　be enough to do sth. 意为“做某事足够了”。
5．are appreciated　appreciate与主语之间是被动关系，且此处说明的是一般情况，故用are appreciated。
6．valuable　根据该空后的experience可知，此处应用value的形容词形式。
7．making　lead to后用动名词作宾语，故填making。
8．programs　根据combine可知，此处应用program的复数形式。
9．as　be known as 意为“被叫作……”。
10．a　make a ... influence on 意为“对……有……的影响”。
C
World Hello Day, which falls on November 21st, may sound extremely __1__ (base), as it encourages us to take the chance to greet people, and to recognize __2__ important clear, honest communication is in our daily lives. The story of how it began, however, is a long and meaningful one.
In the 1970s, the conflict __3__ Egypt and Israel was quite severe, __4__ (make) many people fear another huge war would break out. In 1973, World Hello Day was first created to show people, especially the people of the Middle East, that conflicts could and should be settled through communication, but not __5__ (violent)．
Since its creation, World Hello Day __6__ (celebrate) in 180 countries. __7__ (citizen) of each of these countries take advantage of this time __8__ (express) their concerns for world peace.
Anyone can participate in World Hello Day. You __9__ (simple) have to say hello to at least 10 people during that one day. You are supposed to send a message of openness and goodwill to others, __10____ the creators of the holiday hoped this small gesture alone could help settle disputes (争论) and prevent conflicts.

1．basic　空格中所填单词作系动词sound的表语，需用base的形容词形式。
2．how　how引导宾语从句，意为“多么”。
3．between　conflict between A and B的意思是“A和B之间的冲突”。
4．making　make与逻辑主语the conflict之间是主动关系，故此处用现在分词。
5．violence　空格中所填单词在句中作介词through的宾语，需用violent的名词形式。
6．has been celebrated　主语是谓语动词动作celebrate的承受者，需用被动语态，再根据Since可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动形式。
7．Citizens　谓语动词用复数，作主语的名词也应用复数，句首单词首字母应大写。
8．to express　“to express their concerns for world peace”是不定式短语作目的状语。
9．simply　空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用simple的副词形式。
10．and　空格前后两句之间意义上是顺承关系，故用and连接。
语法填空模拟检测(三)——第Ⅱ组(说明文)
(共3篇，限时35分钟)
A
The WaterSplashing Festival (泼水节) is the most important traditional festival of the Dai minority in Yunnan Province and is Dai People's New Year. __1__ (it) origin goes back to more than seven hundred years ago. It's also a festival __2__ the largest participating population in Yunnan Province.
The festival takes place in midApril and lasts three days. During the first two days, an outdoor market is set up, __3__ locals go for New Year shopping. It is also a great place to buy local souvenirs. In the afternoon, a dragon boat race __4__ (hold) on the Lancang River. At night, locals float river lanterns on the river, and the banks of the river are __5__ (colorful) lit. The practice is thought to drive bad luck away and bring good luck.
On the third day, the Dai People get dressed up and shoulder clean water to the Buddhist (佛教的) Temple. They first bathe the Buddha and then begin to splash water, __6__ (wish) each other good luck, __7__ (happy) and health. They believe the __8__ (wet)one gets，the more luck he/she receives, and the happier he/she will be. Tourists are also invited __9__ (join) in. You can splash anybody and everyone, __10__ he/she is a close neighbor, a fellow villager, or a complete stranger.

1．Its　根据该空后的origin可知，此处应用it的形容词性物主代词形式。
2．with　with此处表示“具有”。
3．where　根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是“an outdoor market”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。
4．is held　主语“a dragon boat race”是谓语动词动作hold的承受者，需用被动语态；这里说的是一般性情况，用一般现在时。
5．colorfully　空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用colorful的副词形式。
6．wishing　wish与逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。
7．happiness　该词与luck，health并列作wish的直接宾语，故用happy的名词形式。
8．wetter　句型“the ＋比较级．..，the ＋比较级．..”表示“越……越……”。
9．to join　invite sb. to do sth. “邀请某人做某事”。
10．whether　whether ... or ... 是固定用法，意思是“不管……还是……”。
B
Does the early bird catch the worm? That is not necessarily so according to recent research __1__ (conduct) by an American professor.
Research shows that when work schedules agree with people's natural sleep patterns, they produce __2__ (high) quality and more creative work because they are more focused, less stressed and generally healthier. __3__ opposite is also true — when employees do not have plenty of sleep, they are more likely __4__ (make) mistakes and suffer from workplace injuries.
__5__ (sad), for many of us, our work schedules do not agree with our natural body clocks. Many companies start the work day too early, __6__ (put) their work schedules in disagreement with their employees' body clocks. That disagreement, along with the __7__ (press) from work at all hours of the day and night, means that many people suffer __8__ “social jetlag (社会时差)”. In other words, their bodies are always in the wrong time zone.
The sad news is __9__ most of the working population today are getting up earlier than they should. It is high time that these companies __10__ (adjust) their work schedules so that their employees could have enough sleep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。早起的鸟儿一定有虫吃吗？研究表明工作时间与人的生物钟相一致时，工作效率较高；反之，工作效率较低。
1．conducted　“conducted by an American professor”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰research, 分词动作conduct与逻辑主语research之间是被动关系。
2．higher　本空与本空后的“more creative”构成并列，故填high的比较级。这里是将员工工作时间和人体的自然睡眠模式一致时与员工被剥夺了睡眠时间时相比较。
3．The　the opposite是“the ＋形容词”表示一类事物。
4．to make　be likely to do sth.意思是“很可能会做某事”。
5．Sadly　空格中所填单词在句中修饰整个句子，需用sad的副词形式。
6．putting　“putting their work schedules in disagreement with their employees' body clocks”是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作put与逻辑主语“Many companies”之间是主动关系。
7．pressure　空格中所填单词在句中作“along with”的宾语且前有the，需用press的名词形式。
8．from　suffer from表示“遭受……痛苦”。
9．that　that引导表语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。
10．adjusted/should adjust　句型“it is high time that”后面从句中的谓语动词用过去式或用“should＋动词原形”，但should不可省略。
C
A group of fishermen in South Africa freed __1__ huge shark after it got caught in their nets. The potentially deadly creature, __2__ (measure) eight feet long, weighed approximately 500 pounds. When the fishermen were trying to pull it back into the safety of the sea by its tail, the shark threw __3__ (it) at them, showing off its sharp __4__ (tooth). Instead of giving up, the fearless fishermen risked their lives trying to drag the shark back into the water. With great efforts, they __5__ (successful) returned the huge beast to the water.
South Africa is home __6__ more than 90 species of shark, including the frightening Great White. According to the BBC, there __7__ (be) 500 shark attack incidents in South Africa since the 1900s. Fewer than 250 shark attack incidents were reported in the United States or Australia. However, despite (尽管) the __8__ (present) of sharks in the seas, water sports including surfing remain popular in all three countries.
To protect swimmers from __9__ (attack) by sharks，people fixed huge shark nets near some beaches in South Africa, __10__ formed a barrier between swimmers and any potentially deadly creatures.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。生活在南非海岸的一群渔民无意间用网捕到一条巨型鲨鱼，他们合力将它拖回海里放生。
1．a　此处指“一条巨型鲨鱼”，故用a。
2．measuring　measure与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。
3．itself　根据句子的主语可知，此处应用it的反身代词。
4．teeth　鲨鱼牙齿不止一颗，故用tooth的复数形式。
5．successfully　空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用successful的副词形式。
6．to　be home to为固定用法，意为“是……的栖息地”。
7．have been　since引导的时间状语常与现在完成时连用。
8．presence　空格中所填单词前有the，后有of，故用present的名词形式。
9．being attacked　from后要用动词ing形式，再根据attack与swimmers之间是被动关系可知，此处应用being attacked。
10．which　根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是“huge shark nets”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
语法填空模拟检测(四)——第Ⅰ组(中国传统文化专题)
(共3篇，限时35分钟)
A
Stilts (高跷) refer to a pair of long and thin poles, each __1__ (equip) with a raised footrest to enable the user to walk above the ground. In China, there is an old custom called “walking on stilts” __2__ “tiedon long feet”. It is a __3__ (perform) that the stilt walkers walk on two __4__ (wood) sticks with a length of over three meters attached to their feet.
This can be traced back to very ancient origins. It is said that there was once a man named Lanzi in the State of Song __5__ entertained the first Song emperor with his feet walking and running with two poles taller than __6__ (he) attached to his lower legs. In the Han Dynasty, stilt walking began to come __7__ fashion among the public. In the Song Dynasty, it __8__ (change) to “steppingstilts” and the name “stiltswalking” was __9__ (eventual) adopted in the Qing Dynasty.
Through several thousand years of development, stiltswalking __10__ (improve) greatly in style and has become an important part of Chinese festive culture.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。高跷是我国一种独特的传统文化。本文简要介绍了高跷的相关内容。
1．equipped　每一个高跷都配备有凸起的搁脚物。分析句子结构可知，equip与each (stilt)之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故应填过去分词equipped。
2．or　中国有一个被称作“踩高跷”或者“捆绑式长脚”的古老习俗。此处表示选择关系，故用并列连词or。
3．performance　根据语境可知，此处表示“这是一种表演”，应使用名词performance作表语。
4．wooden　此处表示“木制的棍子”。修饰名词应用形容词。wooden“木制的，木头的”。
5．who/that　分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词Lanzi，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
6．himself　此处表示这两根杆子比兰子本人还要高。故填反身代词himself。
7．into　在汉朝，踩高跷开始在大众中流行起来。come into fashion“流行起来”，为固定搭配。
8．was changed　根据“In the Song Dynasty”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；又it与change之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was changed。
9．eventually　空处在句中作状语，故应填副词eventually。
10．has improved　经过几千年的发展，踩高跷在风格上已有了很大的改善，它已成为中国节日文化的一个重要组成部分。根据句意可知，此处表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，故用现在完成时，故填has improved。下文中并列的谓语动词“has become”也是提示。
B
The full moon lights up the sky on the evening of the Lantern Festival. The festival, which falls __1__ the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar, marks the end of more than two weeks of Chinese New Year __2__ (celebrate) each year.
__3__ (solve) “lantern riddles” is among the many popular traditional activities for the festival, which include eating tangyuan, enjoying the full moon, and being lost in colorful lighted lanterns. These guessing games __4__ (call) lantern riddles because they involve riddles __5__ (write) on lanterns or on slips of paper attached to lanterns. They often contain messages of __6__ (wise) and good fortune, and give children and others of all ages the opportunity to have fun while practicing language and problemsolving skills.
__7__ majority of classic riddles refer to Chinese characters, historical figures, literary references, or names of cities and other places in China. People must guess the answer by thinking about the __8__ (variety) meanings of the words and phrases that make up the riddle. __9__ (usual), a tip may be provided, such as indicating __10__ the answer is a person, a place, or a thing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对中国传统节日元宵节中的猜灯谜活动进行了介绍。
1．on　fall on“适逢”，是固定搭配。
2．celebrations　空前的“Chinese New Year”作定语，空处应填celebrate的名词形式celebration；且根据语境可知，此处表示“庆祝活动”，此时celebration是可数名词，故用其复数形式。
3．Solving　猜灯谜是元宵节中许多流行的传统活动之一。根据句子结构可知，此处应用动名词短语作主语。
4．are called　这些猜谜游戏被称作灯谜。此处表示一种客观情况，故应用一般现在时；且句子的主语“These guessing games”与call之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
5．written　因为它们包含写在灯笼上的或附在灯笼上的小纸条上的谜语。riddles和write之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用其过去分词形式在句中作riddles的后置定语。
6．wisdom　它们通常包含(体现)智慧和好运的信息。根据空前的of和空后的“good fortune”可知，此处应用名词wisdom作of的宾语。
7．The　the majority of表示“大多数，大部分”，故填The。
8．various　人们必须通过思考构成谜语的词和短语的各种含义来回答。根据空前的“the”和空后的“meanings”可知，此处应用形容词various“各种各样的”作定语修饰名词meanings。
9．Usually　通常，人们可能提供提示，比如暗示答案是一个人、一个地方还是一件东西。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子。usually“通常”。
10．whether　根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用whether引导宾语从句，同下文的or一起表示“是……还是……”。
C
(2017·江西名校联盟检测)Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world.Kung fu, __1__ (especial), has had a great effect __2__the millions of people who first learned about China through it.From that, they may come to China and learn about some other __3__ (aspect) of this culture.Other Asian nations have long known about the __4__ (great) of ancient Chinese culture.Their own cultures are __5__ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics.Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it __6__ (challenge) by pop culture.This strength comes from the ideas __7__ (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even __8__ (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics.From them, the West learns __9__ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.So far China has taken steps __10__ (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.

1．especially　句意：尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。
2．on　have a ...effect on sb.意为“对某人有……影响”，为固定搭配，故填on。
3．aspects　句意：他们可能会来到中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及“aspect”可知，此处意为“方面，层面”，是可数名词，故此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。
4．greatness　句意：其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。
5．a　句意：这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。
6．is challenged　根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。
7．given　句意：这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
8．more　句意：“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。
9．what　分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，空处在句中作主语，且此处表示“所……的事物”，故用what。
10．to further　句意：目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。
语法填空模拟检测(四)——第Ⅱ组(中国传统文化专题)
(共3篇，限时35分钟)
A
(2017·杭州模拟)Chinese are the first people to have tea.One thousand and two hundred years ago, Lu Yu wrote a book called “The Classic of Tea”， __1__ is honored as “The Bible of Tea”．The book gives a detailed __2__ (explain) of the origin, the processing skills and the classification of tea.
However, Chinese tea culture goes far beyond tea __3__ (it)．Take green tea for instance, the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80 degrees Celsius.If the water is too hot, nutrients (营养) in the tea __4__ (destroy)．On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea __5__ (leaf) won't open and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.So Chinese people are accustomed __6__ drinking hot tea.When you visit a Chinese friend, your friend will __7__ (constant) add hot water to your empty cup of tea.It is polite __8__ (offer) the tea cup to guests with both hands.Of course, the guests should pay respect as well, __9__ (take) the cup with both hands.
Talking about adding water to the tea cup, there is __10__ saying: Wine full, the full cup.Tea half, half cup.For wine, the full cup symbolizes whole heartiness.For tea, the half cup means modesty.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国茶文化的历史、喝热茶的原因、喝茶礼仪、关于茶的俗语等。
1．which　分析该句结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The Classic of Tea”，空处为关系词，指物，故填which。
2．explanation　根据空前的“detailed”可知，空处被形容词修饰，故用explain的名词形式。
3．itself　句意：然而，中国的茶文化远超过茶本身。据此可知，空处用反身代词itself。
4．will be destroyed　句意：如果水太热，茶叶中的营养将被破坏。根据句意可知，主语“nutrients (营养) in the tea”和动词destroy之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；根据该句结构可知，该句为复合句，在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句则用一般将来时，故空处用一般将来时的被动语态。
5．leaves　根据常识可知，该处应用所给词的复数形式。
6．to　be accustomed to 为固定搭配，意为“习惯于……”。
7．constantly　根据空后的动词add可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。
8．to offer　分析该句结构可知，该句使用了“It ＋ is/was ＋ adj. ＋ to do sth.”的固定句式。It为形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
9．taking　分析该句结构可知，空处作伴随状语，因为take与其逻辑主语“the guests”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
10．a　该处泛指“一句俗语”，且saying的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
B
(2018届高三·浙江富阳二中摸底)The MidAutumn Festival is a harvest festival __1__ (observe) on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunar calendar.It celebrates three fundamental concepts which are closely tied __2__ one another: gathering, such as family and friends __3__ (come) together, or harvesting crops for the festival; thanksgiving, to give thanks for the harvest, or for harmonious unions; praying __4__ (sincere) for beauty, longevity, babies, marriage __5__ (partner), or for a good future.
Traditions and myths surrounding the festival __6__ (form) around these three concepts, although traditions have changed over time due to __7__ (significance) changes in technology, science, economy, culture, and religion.It's about wellbeing together.
The festival was a time __8__ people enjoyed the successful reaping (收获) of rice and wheat with food offerings made in honor of the moon.Today, people still mark __9__ occasion with similar activities.They have outdoor reunions among friends and relatives to eat mooncakes and watch the moon, a symbol of harmony and __10__ (unite)．

1．observed　句意：中秋节是一个收获节，于中国农历的8月15日庆祝。分析句子结构可知，“observe”与“a harvest festival”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
2．to　be tied to“与……紧密相关”，是固定搭配，故填介词to。
3．coming　比如，家人和朋友来到一起。“come”与“family and friends”之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。
4．sincerely　空处修饰非谓语动词praying，应用副词sincerely“真诚地”。
5．partners　partner此处意为“配偶，伴侣”，是可数名词，且空前无限定词修饰，故应用其复数形式。
6．are formed　与该节日相关的传统和神话故事是围绕着这三个概念形成的。本文的基本时态是一般现在时，此处亦用一般现在时；句子的主语为“Traditions and myths”，表示复数概念，谓语动词应用复数；form与主语“Traditions and myths”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are formed。
7．significant　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰changes，故应用形容词significant，表示“重大的”。
8．when　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是“a time”，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
9．the　句意：现在人们仍然举行类似的活动来庆祝这一节日。此处的“occasion”特指中秋节，故应用定冠词the。
10．unity　根据空前的“of harmony and”可知，此处应填一个名词，与harmony一起作介词of的宾语。故填unity。
C
(2017·福州普通高中毕业班综合质量检测)
In __1__ (tradition) Chinese culture, t'ai chi is often related to the Chinese idea of yin and yang, the idea that one can see two sides in everything.Once upon __2__ time, Taoist (道家的) Zhang Sanfeng saw a bird attacking a snake in the Wudang Mountains in Hubei Province.The snake's defense inspired him __3__ (create) a set of 72 movements, which used __4__ (soft) and power from inside to defeat violent force.
For those __5__ do it, t'ai chi can be practiced any time and anywhere without equipment or a gymnasium.And learning to do it __6__ (correct) gives us a practical way to achieve such things as balance, motor control and rhythm (节奏) of movement.So it __7__ (believe) that practicing t'ai chi can in some way help us stand, walk, move and run better.
T'ai chi's benefits certainly go beyond physical ones.For Marleni Calcina from Peru, who __8__ (do) t'ai chi for over 10 years, it's not only a sport, but also a way of life.And __9__ is t'ai chi that has helped her understand the value of “going slowly”．Now, practicing t'ai chi is like __10__ (speak) with her soul.

1．traditional　空格处修饰名词“Chinese culture”，故用形容词形式。
2．a　once upon a time为固定搭配，意为“从前”。
3．to create　inspire sb.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“启发某人做某事”。
4．softness　根据空格后的“and power”可知，空格处和名词power之间是并列关系，故应用名词形式。
5．who　分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，先行词为those，空格处为关系代词，指代人，且在从句中作主语，故用who。
6．correctly　空格处修饰动词do，故用副词形式。
7．is believed　it is believed that ...为固定句型，意为“据信……”。it和动词believe之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；根据语境可知，该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
8．has done　根据该句时间状语“for over 10 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，又因who指代先行词“Marleni Calcina”，为单数，故填has done。
9．it　分析该句结构可知，该句为强调句，其基本结构为：it is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分。该句被强调的部分是主语“t'ai chi”。
10．speaking　like在此处为介词，后跟动名词作宾语。该句句意为：如今，练太极就像是在和她的灵魂说话。