2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（八）

这是一份2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（八），共33页。

A(2017·山东临沂一模)Drive thrugh any suburb in the ，and it’s hard t miss the bins that have becme cmpanins t America’s trash cans.Recycling has becme cmmnplace，as peple recgnize the need t care fr the envirnment.Yet mst peple’s recycling cnsciusness extends nly as far as paper，bttles，and cans.Peple seldm find themselves facing the grwing prblem f e-waste.
题型突破(八)　 推理判断之观点态度题
E-waste rapidly increases as the techn-fashinable frequently upgrade t the mst advanced devices，and the majrity f them end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地).Sme peple wh track such waste say that users thrw away nearly 2 millin tns f TVs，VCRs，cmputers，cell phnes，and ther electrnics every year.Unless we can find a safe replacement，this e-waste may get int the grund and pisn the water with dangerus txins(毒素)，such as lead，mercury，and arsenic.Burning the waste als dangerusly cntaminates the air.
Hwever，e-waste ften cntains reusable silver，gld，and ther electrical materials.Recycling these materials reduces envirnmental prblems by reducing bth landfill waste and the need t lk fr such metals，which can destry ecsystems.A grwing number f states have adpted laws t ban dumping(倾倒) e-waste.Still，less than a quarter f this refuse will reach lawful recycling prgrams.Sme cmpanies advertising safe dispsal(处置) in fact merely ship the waste t sme develping cuntries，where it still ends up in landfills.These rganizatins prevent prgress by unsafely dispsing f waste in an ut-f-sight，ut-f-mind lcatin.
Hwever，the small but grwing number f cities and crpratins that d handle e-waste respnsibly represents prgress tward making the wrld a cleaner，better place fr us all.语篇解读　回收普通垃圾已经成为我们的习惯，但是意识到电子垃圾的存在并能合理回收，是现代回收垃圾的重点。
1.What can we infer frm the first paragraph?A.Many Americans nw have access t recycling cannt be put int trash cans in the Americans have realized the dangers f e- f America’s trash cans are made f recycled material.
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Recycling has becme cmmnplace，as peple recgnize the need t care fr the envirnment.”可知，回收已经平常化，因为人们已经意识到关注环境的需要。可推断出选项A正确，很多美国人已经会用回收箱。故选A。
2.Which wrd can best replace the underlined wrd “cntaminates” in Paragraph 2?A.Pllutes. D.Reduces.
解析　词义猜测题。pllute污染；heat加热；absrb吸收；reduce减少。根据上面的句子可知，这些电子垃圾会进入土地，污染到水源，故这里的句意为：燃烧污染物也会污染空气。根据句意，故选A。
3.Hw des the authr feel abut burying e-waste in landfills?A.It’s imprtant. B.It’s ’s acceptable. D.It’s uncmmn.
解析　观点态度题。根据第二段内容和第四段最后一句“These rganizatins prevent prgress by unsafely dispsing f waste in an ut-f-sight，ut-f-mind lcatin.”可知，把电子垃圾掩埋在垃圾处理厂是不安全的。故选B。
4.What’s the authr’s purpse in writing this text?A.T tell us hw t recycle e- talk abut the future f e- discuss if it’s necessary t recycle e- encurage us t deal with e-waste prperly.
解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了回收普通垃圾已经成为我们的习惯，但是意识到电子垃圾的存在并能合理回收，是现代回收垃圾的重点。故本文的写作目的是鼓励我们合理地处理电子垃圾。故选D。
B(2017·浙江吴越联盟二模)Binic Yarn is making a splash n the fashin scene.The New Yrk City-based cmpany turns used ld plastic bttles，sme f which were recvered frm cean shrelines，int yarns(纱线) and fabrics fr clthing.
The cmpany，whse creative directr is recrding artist Pharrell Williams，has partnered with several different clthing brands，including G-Star and O’Nell—since its funding in 2009 t incrprate its yarn int a variety f prducts，frm denim jeans t snwbarding jackets.“In the past three years，Binic Yarn has transfrmed abut 7 millin plastic bttles pulled frm shrelines，” cmpany c-funder Tim Cmbs tld The Huffingtn Pst in an email.Because plastic bttles are made up f the same plymer(聚合物) as plyester(聚酯)，Binic Yarn is able t break them dwn and remake them int “recycled” plyester.The yarn made frm this substance can be used in place f virgin plyester，r new plyester made directly frm crude il.
“It was a way t nt kill plastic ff but at least slw dwn the prductin f it and slw dwn the prductin f new plyester when we can just recycle the plastic frm bttles，” Williams explained in a CNN interview.There are ver 165 millin tns f plastics in ur ceans tday.Withut new refrms，there culd be mre plastics by weight in ur ceans than fish by 2050，accrding t a reprt released by the Wrld Ecnmic Frum and Ellen MacArthur Fundatin earlier this year.
A hrrifying 8.8 millin tns f plastic ends up in the ceans every year—that’s abut the same as a garbage truck’s wrth f plastic getting dumped int ur waters every secnd，frm the same reprt.语篇解读　本文是一篇科普文章。文章介绍了Binic Yarn公司利用海洋中回收的废旧瓶子生产衣服，保护地球的做法。
5.Why plastic bttles can be turned int yarns?A.They bth can be brken bth benefit the bth cnsist f bth cntain crude il.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Because plastic bttles are made up f the same plymer(聚合物) as plyester(聚酯)”可知，此项目可以实现是因为两者都是由同一聚合物组成的。
6.What is the writer’s attitude twards the transfrming plastic bttles?A.Dubtful. D.Negative.
解析　观点态度题。根据作者对此项目的描述以及举例，可以看出作者对这一项目是持支持的态度，所以选B。
7.What is the main purpse f using plastic bttles t make clthing?A.T make clthes cut dwn the recycle yarns and save the cean and the earth.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章后三段可知，这种做法可以保护海洋和地球。
8.What are the last tw paragraphs mainly talking abut?A.The cean is being plluted by the plastic will be mre plastics than fish in the f plastics get dumped int waters every Wrld Ecnmic Frum calls fr new refrms.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后两段所列举的信息可以知道，现在有很多废弃塑料被扔进大海，导致污染。所以选A。
C(2017·贵州遵义航天高级中学模拟)A Mther’s LveI’m a New Yrk City firefighter.Every day，I see terrr—smetimes even death.But the day I fund Scarlett was different.That day I saw life.And lve.We were respnding t a call abut a burning garage.Outside，I heard the sund f cats crying.I culdn’t stp—I wuld have t lk fr the cats after the fire was put ut.It tk a lng time t finally bring the big fire under cntrl，but we did it.N ne inside was hurt.
At that pint I was free t investigate the cat nises.There was still a lt f smke and heat cming frm the building.I fllwed the mewing(猫叫) t a spt n the sidewalk near the frnt f the garage.There，crying and huddled(挤作一团) tgether，were five terrified kittens.They must have been inside the building，as their fur was badly singed(烫烧).I left the five kittens in a bx n a neighbr’s prch(门廊).I wanted t find the mther.It was bvius that she had gne int the burning garage and carried ut all f her babies，ne by ne—unbelievable.
We finally fund her.She was badly burnt：her eyes were blistered(起水泡)，her paws(爪子) were blackened，and her fur was singed all ver.Yu culd even see her reddened skin beneath the burnt fur.She culd barely mve.I picked her up，and she relaxed in my arms as much as her pain wuld allw.Sensing her trust，I shed a tear.I was determined t save this brave little cat and her family.The vet tld me they wuld bserve the kittens and their mther vernight，but they weren’t ptimistic abut the mther’s changes.Abut a week later，I fund ut she was ging t live.One f the technicians suggested we name her Scarlett，because f her reddened skin.
Knwing what Scarlett endured(忍受) fr her kittens，it melted my heart t see her reunited with them.She tuched each f them again，nse t nse，t make sure they were all safe.She had risked her life five separate times—and it had paid ff.All f her babies had survived.As a firefighter，I see herism(英雄事迹) every day.But what Scarlett shwed me that day was the kind f bravery that can nly cme frm a mther’s lve.语篇解读　作为纽约市的一名消防员，作者每天都会看到恐慌的情况甚至是死亡，但是那天从猫妈妈Scarlett冒着生命危险在大火中救出自己的5只猫宝宝的事，作者看到的却是母爱和勇气。
9.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the article?A.The authr went t rescue the cats as sn as he heard them firefighters put ut the big fire quickly and n ne was mther cat mved all f her five babies t a safer place despite the authr didn’t find the cats until the smke and heat were gne.
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“It was bvius that she had gne int the burning garage and carried ut all f her babies，ne by ne—unbelievable.”可知猫妈妈从火中救出了她的5只猫宝宝。故选C。
10.Why was the authr determined t save the cats?A.He refused t watch smene else die in his was impressed by the mther’s strng lve and cat’s stry had made many peple had taken much time and effrt fr him t save them.
解析　推理判断题。根据第六、七段的描述可知，作者被猫妈妈对子女强烈的母爱和勇气深深打动，决定一定要救她。故选B。
11.Which best describes the authr’s tne in the article?A.Objective. D.Optimistic.
解析　观点态度题。纵观全文，尤其是最后一段的描述，由于被这只猫的母爱和勇气深深打动可推知，作者在文章中用的是赞赏的口吻。
D(2017·江西新余四中模拟)If a wman has an extra piece f cake，dn’t blame it n greed，blame it n her brain.Scientists have fund that wmen’s brains react t fd very differently—and much mre strngly—than men’s.Academics fund that decades f dieting pressure n wmen and advertising have prgrammed certain parts f the female brain t react strngly when faced with any kind f fd.Men，n the ther hand，are nt usually as bsessive abut what they eat.
Dr Rudlf Uher and his clleagues at the Institute f Psychiatry in King’s Cllege Lndn used brain scanning technlgy，knwn as functinal magnetic resnance imaging (fMRI)，t lk at the brains f eighteen men and wmen.The vlunteers were given images f fd t lk at，as well as fd t taste.Their brain reactins were bserved by the scientists.They fund that the female brains reacted much mre strngly than thse f males.The same reactin did nt happen when they were shwn nn-fd images.The team believe this means wmen think mre abut fd than men tend t.Dr Uher said，“This culd be related t bilgical differences between men and wmen.But the mre likely explanatin is that wmen have a mre cmplicated reactin t fd because f scial pressure.”
Prfessr Carey Cper，psychlgy and health prfessr at Lancaster University，said，“Fr centuries wmen have had a prviding rle—preparing and cking fd fr their families.And it’s part f that rle t make sure the fd is safe.They will therefre be much mre sensitive t fd than men are，and I wuld nt be surprised if that was nw built int their DNA.If the female brain reacts t fd because it histrically has develped neural(神经的) pathways t d this，then fd will be the way they express their stress.Fd actually，is a cmfrt fr wmen.”
But ther experts have said that mre research must be dne befre the results can be prved.American scientist Angel del Parigi f the Jhn B.Pierce Labratry in New Haven，Cnnecticut，said，“Lking at an fMRI alne cannt make sure whether the strnger reactin in wmen is due t innate(天生的) differences r a learned prcess.”语篇解读　如果一个女人有一块额外的蛋糕，不要把它归咎于贪婪，应归咎于大脑。科学家们发现女性的大脑和男性的大脑对食物的反应非常不同，女性的反应比男性更强烈。
12.Dr Uher and his clleagues carried ut the research by cmparing ’ reactins t fd befre and after mealsB.fMRI’s scanning result f scientistsC.wmen’s and men’s brain reactins t pictures f fdD.vlunteers’ imaginatin n the taste f fd
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“The vlunteers were given images f fd t lk at，as well as fd t taste.Their brain reactins were bserved by the scientists.”可知，Uher博士比较了男性和女性在面对不同食物的图片时大脑的反应是否一样。故选C。
13.In Dr Uher’s pinin，wmen react mre strngly t fd than men mst prbably because they are t d s due t bilgical reasnsB.influenced by advertisementsC.tld t d s fr a lng timeD.frced by pwerful scial influences
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第二句“But the mre likely explanatin is that wmen have a mre cmplicated reactin t fd because f scial pressure.”可知选D。
14.Accrding t Prfessr Carey Cper，wmen satisfied with preparing fd fr their familiesB.turn t fd when they feel sadC.accept their scial rle frm the heartD.are stressed because f fd safety
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句中的“ will be the way they express their stress.Fd actually，is a cmfrt fr wmen.”可知，食物可以带给女性安慰，因此女性伤心难过的时候会吃东西。故选B。
15.What was Angel del Parigi’s attitude twards the research results?A.Curius. D.Dubtful.
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Lking at an fMRI alne cannt make sure whether the strnger reactin in wmen is due t innate(天生的) differences r a learned prcess.”可以看出，Angel del Parigi对研究结果持怀疑的态度。故选D。