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2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（十一）
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这是一份2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（十一），共33页。
A(2017·江西上高二中月考)Tw f the saddest wrds in the English language are “if nly”.I live my life with the gal f never having t say thse wrds，because they cnvey regret，lst pprtunities，mistakes，and disappintment.
题型突破(十一) 词义猜测之单词、短语意义猜测题
My father is famus in ur family fr saying，“Take the extra minute t d it right.” I always try t live by the “extra minute” rule.When my children were yung and likely t cause accidents，I always thught abut what I culd d t avid an “if nly” mment，whether it was smething minr like mving a cup full f ht cffee away frm the edge f a cunter，r smething that required a little mre wrk such as taping padding(衬垫) nt the sharp crners f a glass cffee table.
I dn’t nly avid thse “if nly” mments when it cmes t safety.It’s equally imprtant t avid “if nly” in ur persnal relatinships.We all knw peple wh lst a lved ne and regretted that they had fregne an pprtunity t say “I lve yu” r “I frgive yu”.When my father annunced he was ging t the eye dctr acrss frm my ffice n Gd Friday，I tld him that it was a hliday fr my cmpany and I wuldn’t be here.But then I thught abut the fact that he’s 84 years ld and I realized that I shuldn’t give up an pprtunity t see him.I called him and tld him I had decided t g t wrk n my day ff after all.
I knw there will still be ccasins when I have t say “if nly” abut smething，but my life is definitely better because f my plicy f ding everything pssible t avid that eventuality.And even thugh it takes an extra minute t d smething right，r it ccasinally takes an hur r tw in my busy schedule t make a persnal cnnectin，I knw that I’m ding the right thing.I’m buying myself peace f mind and that’s the best kind f insurance fr my emtinal well-being.语篇解读 本文主要讲的是作者对于if nly的理解及看法。
1.Which f the fllwing is an example f the “extra minute” rule?A.Start the car the mment everyne is the rm fr a minute with the irn fr an extra minute s that the steak tastes an bject ut f the way befre it trips smene.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段，利用排除法可知D为正确选项。
2.The authr decided t g t her ffice n Gd Friday t her appintment with the eye dctrB.meet her father wh was already an ld manC.jin in the hliday celebratin f the cmpanyD.finish her wrk befre the deadline apprached
解析 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知，父亲年事已高，作者不想放弃这次见到父亲的机会，于是决定在那天去上班。
3.The underlined wrd “fregne” in Paragraph 3 is clsest in meaning t D.wasted
解析 词义猜测题。根据fregne 所在句子中的lst及regretted 可知此词与pprtunity 搭配翻译成“放弃机会”，故选A。
4.What is the best title fr the passage?A.The Emtinal Well-beingB.The Tw Saddest WrdsC.The Mst Useful RuleD.The Peace f Mind
解析 标题归纳题。据首尾段的第一句话及文章大意可知，本文主要对if nly 展开话题进行讲解，故选B。
B(2017·全国大联考)Arund fur years ag，I received a call frm the principal f ur schl as t the “Parents View” talk the next mrning.He asked me t speak t the grup.After the call，my whle bdy became feverish and panicky.The time frm his call t the next mrning seemed like years.The whle night，I culd nt sleep with many minus apprehensins in mind.One f them was t call the principal with regret and tell him that I culd nt cme.Finally，I gathered sme curage.I thught，“If I miss this pprtunity，surely the schl will never invite me again t any f their prgrams.”
I reached the schl in time.Befre my turn came，my whle bdy was trembling.When my turn came and I started speaking，my heartbeat increased and my muth went dry.I wasn’t even able t read the written speech prperly.I was nt aware f where I was standing and what I was reading.That was the day when I realized my biggest weakness，Public Speaking.After my speech，I met with the principal and explained what happened t me.He tld me that this happens t everyne.Even great speaker，faced the same things when they started.He suggested that I cme again next time.
Arund ne mnth later，I was invited t refer t a tpic n Mtivatin.This time I was feeling cmfrtable.My speech was nt nly appreciated by the principal as well as the teachers，because I was able t get my idea acrss t them.They encuraged and praised my effrts.After delivering it successfully，I became mre cnfident.I said t myself，“If I can speak in frnt f such a learned audience，like the principal wh educates thers，I can nw speak in frnt f thers t.”
I started delivering lectures in my plant，n varius tpics like Self Mtivatin，Persnality Develpment，Persnal Excellence，Spken English and Presentatin Skills.This has becme a passin fr me.I learned that everything is pssible if we have the curage t take the first step.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。紧张是在公开场合演讲时一种常见的心理状况。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们：只要我们有勇气迈出第一步，一切皆有可能。
5.The authr f the passage aims t tell us that pains，n gainsB.n way is impssible t curageC.diligence is the mther f successD.a jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“I learned that everything is pssible if we have the curage t take the first step.”可知，如果我们有勇气迈出第一步，一切都是可能的。故D项正确。
6.In the first paragraph，the underlined wrd “feverish”prbably means D.frzen
解析 词义猜测题。根据与本词并列的panicky和后一句“The time frm his call t the next mrning seemed like years.”可以推出选A。
7.What can we learn frm the text?A.He used t dislike giving a lecture at called the principal with regret and tld him that he culd nt first lecture was a cmplete lves and des well in delivering lectures nw.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可以排除A和B两项；根据第二段内容可以判断出他的第一次演讲并非完全失败，排除C；根据最后一段内容可推知，作者现在喜欢并擅长演讲。故选D。
8.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?A.Public Speaking Makes a Man NervusB.Practice Makes a Man a Better SpeechmakerC.Principal Prvides the Best ChancesD.Spken English Develps in Making Speeches
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本主讲述了作者从第一次演讲时的紧张到第二次的从容淡定，再到后来的应付自如，可知选B。
C(2017·湖北黄冈质检)Abut six mnths ag，I was wrking in a jb where I sat at a cmputer in an ffice fr 50 r s hurs each week.My best friend，Dusty，als sat in an ffice at a cmputer all day.We ften talked abut what a waste it seemed t be，spending ur time inside in frnt f a cmputer all day lng.I ended up leaving my jb，and s did Dusty.Neither ne f us are sitting in an ffice all day.Last week，Dusty came t my hme and declared，“I’m ging t travel.”
Of curse，traveling is exciting.It’s getting t experience new things，getting t be a slightly different versin f urselves，but I think the pint is mre abut the mindset(心态) that it allws fr than the actual reality that cmes with it.Waking up every day with a sense f excitement fr the unknwn.Appraching each interactin during the day with a sense f wnder.Nt thinking abut yesterday r tmrrw，and just abut whatever’s right in frnt f yu.Hwever，the thing is，we dn’t need t be in transit t be able t apprach ur days this way.It is pssible fr me t be living my nrmal life and be excited fr the unknwn f the day.I meet new peple and d new things every day.Yes，they might be in Santa Mnica，a few blcks frm my apartment，but what’s the difference between a new persn here and a new persn in Australia?
I read an Alan Watts qute recently，and it ges as fllws：“If I ask yu what yu did，saw，heard，smelled，tuched and tasted yesterday，I am likely t get nthing mre than the thin，sketchy utline f the few things that yu nticed，and f thse nly what yu thught wrth suppse yu culd answer，‘It wuld take me frever t tell yu，and I am much t interested in what’s happening nw.’”
Our generatin seems t be eager t expand ur hrizns(视野).But I agree with Alan Watts.There is ample pprtunity fr hrizn-expansin wherever we happen t be.I think I’ll wake up tmrrw，walk dwn the street，and put n my adventurer’s cap.语篇解读 旅行之所以吸引人是因为它可以让人们探索未知，但是并不一定非要去旅行才可以达到这个目的。正如阿兰·沃茨建议的，我们应该关注当下，因为我们看似平淡的日常生活同样可以很精彩。
9.Accrding t the text，the authr quit his jb mainly because didn’t pay very wellB.Dusty advised him t d sC.he wanted t spend sme time travelingD.he didn’t want t stay inside all day lng
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ a waste it seemed t be，spending ur time inside in frnt f a cmputer all day lng.I ended up leaving my an ffice all day.”可知，作者和朋友都不喜欢每天呆在室内，坐在电脑前，所以他们辞掉了工作。故选D项。
10.What’s the secnd paragraph mainly abut?A.What makes traveling s is mst imprtant when t find a new versin f t spend an unfrgettable hliday.
解析 段落大意题。由第二段的“ is exciting.It’s getting t experience new things，getting t be a slightly different versin f sense f wnder.”可知，本段主要讲述是什么原因让旅游如此吸引人。故选A项。
11.The underlined wrds “in transit” in the third paragraph prbably mean “ ” arund B.wrking hardC.filled with curisity D.full f enthusiasm
解析 词义猜测题。第二段内容讲述旅游的魅力所在，第三段首句使用单词Hwever(然而)表转折，表明本段表述的内容与第二段内容不同，即我们不需要到处逛，也可以使我们的生活一样精彩。mving arund意为“走来走去”符合句意，故选A项。
12.What’s the best title fr the text?A.An Exciting but Nrmal LifeB.Adventures in Our Own BackyardC.G t Travel and Expand Yur HriznD.Get Outside and Explre fr the Unknwn
解析 标题归纳题。文章第三段表明了作者的观点，我们不一定非要去旅行才能探索未知，发现新的自我，下文引用了阿兰·沃茨的话，表明我们应该活在当下，因为我们看似平淡的日常生活同样可以很精彩。故选B项。
D(2017·河北石家庄二中模拟)The plice in Taiwan are unable t judge whether t treat it as an extremely clever act f stealing r an even cleverer cheat.Either way，it culd be the perfect crime，because the criminals are birds—hming pigens!The crime begins with a telephne message t the wner f a stlen car：if yu want the car back，pay up.Then，the car wner is directed t a park，tld where t find a bird cage and hw t attach mney t the neck f the pigen inside.Carrying the mney in a tiny bag，the pigen flies ff.
There have been at least fur such pigen pick-ups in Changwa.What at first seemed like the wrk f a clever stay-at-hme car thief，hwever，may in fact be the wrk f an even lazier and mre inventive criminal mind—ne that avids nt nly cllecting mney but ging ut t steal the car in the first place.Plice fficer Chen says that the criminal prbably has pulled a duble trick：he gets mney fr things he cannt pssibly return.Instead f stealing cars，he lets smene else d it and then waits fr the car-wner t place an ad in the newspaper asking fr help.
The thery is supprted by the fact that，s far，nne f the stlen cars have been returned.Als，the amunt f mney demanded—under 3,000 Taiwanese dllars—seems t little fr a car wrth many times mre.Demands fr pigen-delivered mney stpped as sn as the press reprted the stry.And even if they start again，Chen hlds little hpe f catching the criminal.“We have mre imprtant things t d，” he said.语篇解读 台湾警方最近发现了一种新型犯罪，有人偷车，随后就有人假冒窃贼向车主勒索钱财，并利用鸽子去取赎金。
13.The “lazier and mre inventive” criminal refers t car thief wh stays at hmeB.ne f thse wh put the ads in the paperC.ne f the plicemen in ChangwaD.the wner f the pigens
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可知，有人偷车，随后就有人假冒窃贼向车主勒索钱财，并利用鸽子去取赎金，所以这个“更懒、更有创新的罪犯”应该是鸽子的饲养者，而不是真正的窃贼。故选D。
14.The writer，mentins the fact that “nne f the stlen cars have been returned” t shw easily peple get fled by criminalsB.what Chen thinks might be crrectC.the thief is extremely cleverD.the mney paid is t little
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Plice fficer Chen says that the criminal prbably has pulled a duble trick：he gets mney fr things he cannt pssibly return.”及第四段中的“The thery is supprted by the fact...”可知，the thery指的是陈警官说的罪犯玩的是只拿钱不还车的双重把戏，作者列举这个事实，是为了证明陈警官的理论可能是正确的。故选B。
15.The underlined wrd “they” in the last paragraph refers t stlen cars D.demands fr mney
解析 代词指代题。这里应该具体指的是罪犯索要钱财这件事情，而不是criminals或者pigens，因为两者都服务于索要钱财这个犯罪行为。故选D。
A(2017·江西上高二中月考)Tw f the saddest wrds in the English language are “if nly”.I live my life with the gal f never having t say thse wrds，because they cnvey regret，lst pprtunities，mistakes，and disappintment.
题型突破(十一) 词义猜测之单词、短语意义猜测题
My father is famus in ur family fr saying，“Take the extra minute t d it right.” I always try t live by the “extra minute” rule.When my children were yung and likely t cause accidents，I always thught abut what I culd d t avid an “if nly” mment，whether it was smething minr like mving a cup full f ht cffee away frm the edge f a cunter，r smething that required a little mre wrk such as taping padding(衬垫) nt the sharp crners f a glass cffee table.
I dn’t nly avid thse “if nly” mments when it cmes t safety.It’s equally imprtant t avid “if nly” in ur persnal relatinships.We all knw peple wh lst a lved ne and regretted that they had fregne an pprtunity t say “I lve yu” r “I frgive yu”.When my father annunced he was ging t the eye dctr acrss frm my ffice n Gd Friday，I tld him that it was a hliday fr my cmpany and I wuldn’t be here.But then I thught abut the fact that he’s 84 years ld and I realized that I shuldn’t give up an pprtunity t see him.I called him and tld him I had decided t g t wrk n my day ff after all.
I knw there will still be ccasins when I have t say “if nly” abut smething，but my life is definitely better because f my plicy f ding everything pssible t avid that eventuality.And even thugh it takes an extra minute t d smething right，r it ccasinally takes an hur r tw in my busy schedule t make a persnal cnnectin，I knw that I’m ding the right thing.I’m buying myself peace f mind and that’s the best kind f insurance fr my emtinal well-being.语篇解读 本文主要讲的是作者对于if nly的理解及看法。
1.Which f the fllwing is an example f the “extra minute” rule?A.Start the car the mment everyne is the rm fr a minute with the irn fr an extra minute s that the steak tastes an bject ut f the way befre it trips smene.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段，利用排除法可知D为正确选项。
2.The authr decided t g t her ffice n Gd Friday t her appintment with the eye dctrB.meet her father wh was already an ld manC.jin in the hliday celebratin f the cmpanyD.finish her wrk befre the deadline apprached
解析 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知，父亲年事已高，作者不想放弃这次见到父亲的机会，于是决定在那天去上班。
3.The underlined wrd “fregne” in Paragraph 3 is clsest in meaning t D.wasted
解析 词义猜测题。根据fregne 所在句子中的lst及regretted 可知此词与pprtunity 搭配翻译成“放弃机会”，故选A。
4.What is the best title fr the passage?A.The Emtinal Well-beingB.The Tw Saddest WrdsC.The Mst Useful RuleD.The Peace f Mind
解析 标题归纳题。据首尾段的第一句话及文章大意可知，本文主要对if nly 展开话题进行讲解，故选B。
B(2017·全国大联考)Arund fur years ag，I received a call frm the principal f ur schl as t the “Parents View” talk the next mrning.He asked me t speak t the grup.After the call，my whle bdy became feverish and panicky.The time frm his call t the next mrning seemed like years.The whle night，I culd nt sleep with many minus apprehensins in mind.One f them was t call the principal with regret and tell him that I culd nt cme.Finally，I gathered sme curage.I thught，“If I miss this pprtunity，surely the schl will never invite me again t any f their prgrams.”
I reached the schl in time.Befre my turn came，my whle bdy was trembling.When my turn came and I started speaking，my heartbeat increased and my muth went dry.I wasn’t even able t read the written speech prperly.I was nt aware f where I was standing and what I was reading.That was the day when I realized my biggest weakness，Public Speaking.After my speech，I met with the principal and explained what happened t me.He tld me that this happens t everyne.Even great speaker，faced the same things when they started.He suggested that I cme again next time.
Arund ne mnth later，I was invited t refer t a tpic n Mtivatin.This time I was feeling cmfrtable.My speech was nt nly appreciated by the principal as well as the teachers，because I was able t get my idea acrss t them.They encuraged and praised my effrts.After delivering it successfully，I became mre cnfident.I said t myself，“If I can speak in frnt f such a learned audience，like the principal wh educates thers，I can nw speak in frnt f thers t.”
I started delivering lectures in my plant，n varius tpics like Self Mtivatin，Persnality Develpment，Persnal Excellence，Spken English and Presentatin Skills.This has becme a passin fr me.I learned that everything is pssible if we have the curage t take the first step.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。紧张是在公开场合演讲时一种常见的心理状况。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们：只要我们有勇气迈出第一步，一切皆有可能。
5.The authr f the passage aims t tell us that pains，n gainsB.n way is impssible t curageC.diligence is the mther f successD.a jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“I learned that everything is pssible if we have the curage t take the first step.”可知，如果我们有勇气迈出第一步，一切都是可能的。故D项正确。
6.In the first paragraph，the underlined wrd “feverish”prbably means D.frzen
解析 词义猜测题。根据与本词并列的panicky和后一句“The time frm his call t the next mrning seemed like years.”可以推出选A。
7.What can we learn frm the text?A.He used t dislike giving a lecture at called the principal with regret and tld him that he culd nt first lecture was a cmplete lves and des well in delivering lectures nw.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可以排除A和B两项；根据第二段内容可以判断出他的第一次演讲并非完全失败，排除C；根据最后一段内容可推知，作者现在喜欢并擅长演讲。故选D。
8.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?A.Public Speaking Makes a Man NervusB.Practice Makes a Man a Better SpeechmakerC.Principal Prvides the Best ChancesD.Spken English Develps in Making Speeches
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本主讲述了作者从第一次演讲时的紧张到第二次的从容淡定，再到后来的应付自如，可知选B。
C(2017·湖北黄冈质检)Abut six mnths ag，I was wrking in a jb where I sat at a cmputer in an ffice fr 50 r s hurs each week.My best friend，Dusty，als sat in an ffice at a cmputer all day.We ften talked abut what a waste it seemed t be，spending ur time inside in frnt f a cmputer all day lng.I ended up leaving my jb，and s did Dusty.Neither ne f us are sitting in an ffice all day.Last week，Dusty came t my hme and declared，“I’m ging t travel.”
Of curse，traveling is exciting.It’s getting t experience new things，getting t be a slightly different versin f urselves，but I think the pint is mre abut the mindset(心态) that it allws fr than the actual reality that cmes with it.Waking up every day with a sense f excitement fr the unknwn.Appraching each interactin during the day with a sense f wnder.Nt thinking abut yesterday r tmrrw，and just abut whatever’s right in frnt f yu.Hwever，the thing is，we dn’t need t be in transit t be able t apprach ur days this way.It is pssible fr me t be living my nrmal life and be excited fr the unknwn f the day.I meet new peple and d new things every day.Yes，they might be in Santa Mnica，a few blcks frm my apartment，but what’s the difference between a new persn here and a new persn in Australia?
I read an Alan Watts qute recently，and it ges as fllws：“If I ask yu what yu did，saw，heard，smelled，tuched and tasted yesterday，I am likely t get nthing mre than the thin，sketchy utline f the few things that yu nticed，and f thse nly what yu thught wrth suppse yu culd answer，‘It wuld take me frever t tell yu，and I am much t interested in what’s happening nw.’”
Our generatin seems t be eager t expand ur hrizns(视野).But I agree with Alan Watts.There is ample pprtunity fr hrizn-expansin wherever we happen t be.I think I’ll wake up tmrrw，walk dwn the street，and put n my adventurer’s cap.语篇解读 旅行之所以吸引人是因为它可以让人们探索未知，但是并不一定非要去旅行才可以达到这个目的。正如阿兰·沃茨建议的，我们应该关注当下，因为我们看似平淡的日常生活同样可以很精彩。
9.Accrding t the text，the authr quit his jb mainly because didn’t pay very wellB.Dusty advised him t d sC.he wanted t spend sme time travelingD.he didn’t want t stay inside all day lng
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ a waste it seemed t be，spending ur time inside in frnt f a cmputer all day lng.I ended up leaving my an ffice all day.”可知，作者和朋友都不喜欢每天呆在室内，坐在电脑前，所以他们辞掉了工作。故选D项。
10.What’s the secnd paragraph mainly abut?A.What makes traveling s is mst imprtant when t find a new versin f t spend an unfrgettable hliday.
解析 段落大意题。由第二段的“ is exciting.It’s getting t experience new things，getting t be a slightly different versin f sense f wnder.”可知，本段主要讲述是什么原因让旅游如此吸引人。故选A项。
11.The underlined wrds “in transit” in the third paragraph prbably mean “ ” arund B.wrking hardC.filled with curisity D.full f enthusiasm
解析 词义猜测题。第二段内容讲述旅游的魅力所在，第三段首句使用单词Hwever(然而)表转折，表明本段表述的内容与第二段内容不同，即我们不需要到处逛，也可以使我们的生活一样精彩。mving arund意为“走来走去”符合句意，故选A项。
12.What’s the best title fr the text?A.An Exciting but Nrmal LifeB.Adventures in Our Own BackyardC.G t Travel and Expand Yur HriznD.Get Outside and Explre fr the Unknwn
解析 标题归纳题。文章第三段表明了作者的观点，我们不一定非要去旅行才能探索未知，发现新的自我，下文引用了阿兰·沃茨的话，表明我们应该活在当下，因为我们看似平淡的日常生活同样可以很精彩。故选B项。
D(2017·河北石家庄二中模拟)The plice in Taiwan are unable t judge whether t treat it as an extremely clever act f stealing r an even cleverer cheat.Either way，it culd be the perfect crime，because the criminals are birds—hming pigens!The crime begins with a telephne message t the wner f a stlen car：if yu want the car back，pay up.Then，the car wner is directed t a park，tld where t find a bird cage and hw t attach mney t the neck f the pigen inside.Carrying the mney in a tiny bag，the pigen flies ff.
There have been at least fur such pigen pick-ups in Changwa.What at first seemed like the wrk f a clever stay-at-hme car thief，hwever，may in fact be the wrk f an even lazier and mre inventive criminal mind—ne that avids nt nly cllecting mney but ging ut t steal the car in the first place.Plice fficer Chen says that the criminal prbably has pulled a duble trick：he gets mney fr things he cannt pssibly return.Instead f stealing cars，he lets smene else d it and then waits fr the car-wner t place an ad in the newspaper asking fr help.
The thery is supprted by the fact that，s far，nne f the stlen cars have been returned.Als，the amunt f mney demanded—under 3,000 Taiwanese dllars—seems t little fr a car wrth many times mre.Demands fr pigen-delivered mney stpped as sn as the press reprted the stry.And even if they start again，Chen hlds little hpe f catching the criminal.“We have mre imprtant things t d，” he said.语篇解读 台湾警方最近发现了一种新型犯罪，有人偷车，随后就有人假冒窃贼向车主勒索钱财，并利用鸽子去取赎金。
13.The “lazier and mre inventive” criminal refers t car thief wh stays at hmeB.ne f thse wh put the ads in the paperC.ne f the plicemen in ChangwaD.the wner f the pigens
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可知，有人偷车，随后就有人假冒窃贼向车主勒索钱财，并利用鸽子去取赎金，所以这个“更懒、更有创新的罪犯”应该是鸽子的饲养者，而不是真正的窃贼。故选D。
14.The writer，mentins the fact that “nne f the stlen cars have been returned” t shw easily peple get fled by criminalsB.what Chen thinks might be crrectC.the thief is extremely cleverD.the mney paid is t little
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Plice fficer Chen says that the criminal prbably has pulled a duble trick：he gets mney fr things he cannt pssibly return.”及第四段中的“The thery is supprted by the fact...”可知，the thery指的是陈警官说的罪犯玩的是只拿钱不还车的双重把戏，作者列举这个事实，是为了证明陈警官的理论可能是正确的。故选B。
15.The underlined wrd “they” in the last paragraph refers t stlen cars D.demands fr mney
解析 代词指代题。这里应该具体指的是罪犯索要钱财这件事情，而不是criminals或者pigens，因为两者都服务于索要钱财这个犯罪行为。故选D。
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